Kubernetes-离线部署Kubernetes 1.9.0

准备工作

1. 准备四台机器，基本信息如下：

1. 设置master节点到node节点的免密登录，具体方法请参考这里
2. 每台机器【/etc/hosts】文件需包含：
   192.168.242.136 k8smaster
   192.168.242.137 k8snode1
   192.168.242.138 k8snode2
   192.168.242.139 k8snode3
   CentOS修改机器名参考这里
3. 每台机器预装【docker 17.03.2-ce】，安装步骤参考这里
4. 关闭所有机器防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

关闭防火墙.png

1. 所有机器关闭selinux，使容器能够访问到宿主机文件系统

vim /etc/selinux/config

将【SELINUX】设置为【disabled】

关闭selinux.png

临时关闭selinux

setenforce 0

1. 配置系统路由参数，防止kubeadm报路由警告
   在【/etc/sysctl.d/】目录下新建一个Kubernetes的配置文件【kubernetes.conf】，并写入如下内容：

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

kubernetes.conf.png

运行如下命令使配置生效

sysctl --system

生效配置.png

【注意】我这里是新增了一个配置文件，而不是直接写到文件【/etc/sysctl.conf】中，所以生效配置的命令参数是【--system】，如果是直接写到文件【/etc/sysctl.conf】中，那么生效命令的参数是【-p】。

1. 关闭虚拟内存
   修改配置文件【/etc/fstab】

vim /etc/fstab

  注释掉swap那一行

image.png

  然后通过命令临时关闭虚拟内存

swapoff -a

  如果不关闭swap，就会在kubeadm初始化Kubernetes的时候报错

[ERROR Swap]: running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap

ERROR Swap

1. 准备镜像
   我是参考的这篇博客进行搭建的，所以我这里的镜像都是从该博客提供的地址下载的，将镜像压缩包上传到各节点。

镜像压缩包.png

使用解压命令解压

tar -jxvf k8s_images.tar.bz2

安装包.png

然后导入镜像

docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/etcd-amd64_v3.1.10.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/flannel:v0.9.1-amd64.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64_v1.14.7.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64_1.14.7.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64_1.14.7.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/kube-apiserver-amd64_v1.9.0.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/kube-controller-manager-amd64_v1.9.0.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/kube-proxy-amd64_v1.9.0.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/kube-scheduler-amd64_v1.9.0.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/docker_images/pause-amd64_3.0.tar
docker load -i /usr/local/k8s_images/kubernetes-dashboard_v1.8.1.tar

路径请按照镜像解压路径填写，全部导入成功后通过命令【docker images】可查看到导入成功的镜像。

镜像.png

到这里，前期的准备工作就全部完成了，下面就要开始安装了。

搭建Kubernetes集群

1. 在所有节点上部署socat、kubernetes-cni、kubelet、kubectl、kubeadm。

rpm -ivh /usr/local/k8s_images/socat-1.7.3.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /usr/local/k8s_images/kubernetes-cni-0.6.0-0.x86_64.rpm /usr/local/k8s_images/kubelet-1.9.9-9.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /usr/local/k8s_images/kubectl-1.9.0-0.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh /usr/local/k8s_images/kubeadm-1.9.0-0.x86_64.rpm

install kubelet/kubectl/kubeadm.png

  接着修改kubelet的配置文件

vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

kubelet config

  kubelet的【cgroup-driver】需要和docker的保持一致，通过命令【docker info】可以查看docker的【Cgroup Driver】属性值。

docker info

  这里可以看到docker的【Cgroup Driver】是【cgroupfs】，所以这里需要将kubelet的【cgroup-driver】也修改为【cgroupfs】。
  修改完成后重载配置文件

systemctl daemon-reload

设置kubelet开机启动

systemctl enable kubelet

1. 配置master节点
   2.1 初始化Kubernetes

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.9.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

kubernetes默认支持多重网络插件如flannel、weave、calico，这里使用flanne，就必须要设置【--pod-network-cidr】参数，10.244.0.0/16是kube-flannel.yml里面配置的默认网段，这里的【--pod-network-cidr】参数要和【kube-flannel.yml】文件中的【Network】参数对应。

kube-flannel.yml

初始化输入如下：

[root@k8smaster ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.9.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.9.0
[init] Using Authorization modes: [Node RBAC]
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks.
    [WARNING FileExisting-crictl]: crictl not found in system path
[preflight] Starting the kubelet service
[certificates] Generated ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver certificate and key.
[certificates] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8smaster kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.242.136]
[certificates] Generated apiserver-kubelet-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated sa key and public key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "admin.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "kubelet.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "controller-manager.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "scheduler.conf"
[controlplane] Wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-apiserver to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml"
[controlplane] Wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-controller-manager to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml"
[controlplane] Wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-scheduler to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml"
[etcd] Wrote Static Pod manifest for a local etcd instance to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml"
[init] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as Static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests".
[init] This might take a minute or longer if the control plane images have to be pulled.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 44.002305 seconds
[uploadconfig] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[markmaster] Will mark node k8smaster as master by adding a label and a taint
[markmaster] Master k8smaster tainted and labelled with key/value: node-role.kubernetes.io/master=""
[bootstraptoken] Using token: abb43a.62186b817d71bcd2
[bootstraptoken] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-dns
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:

  kubeadm join --token abb43a.62186b817d71bcd2 192.168.242.136:6443 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6a7625aa2928085fde84cfd918398408771dfe6af5c88c73b2d47527a00a8dad

将【 kubeadm join --token xxxx】这段记下来，加入node节点需要用到这个令牌，如果忘记了可以使用如下命令查看

kubeadm token list

查看token

令牌的时效性是24个小时，如果过期了可以使用如下命令创建

kubeadm token create

2.2 配置环境变量
此时root用户还不能使用kubelet控制集群，需要按照以下方法配置环境变量
将信息写入bash_profile文件

echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile

运行命令立即生效

source ~/.bash_profile

查看版本测试下

kubectl version

version

2.3 安装flannel
直接使用离线包里面的【kube-flannel.yml】

kubectl create -f /usr/local/k8s_images/kube-flannel.yml

安装flannel

1. 配置node节点
   使用配置master节点初始化Kubernetes生成的token将3个node节点加入master，参见2.1，分别在每个node节点上运行如下命令：

kubeadm join --token abb43a.62186b817d71bcd2 192.168.242.136:6443 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6a7625aa2928085fde84cfd918398408771dfe6af5c88c73b2d47527a00a8dad

join master

全部加入后就可以到master节点上通过如下命令查看是否加入成功

kubectl get nodes

查看节点

kubernetes会在每个node节点创建flannel和kube-proxy的pod，通过如下命令查看pods

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

pods

查看集群信息

kubectl cluster-info

kubernetes cluster info

搭建dashboard

在master节点上，直接使用离线包里面的【kubernetes-dashboard.yaml】来创建

kubectl create -f /usr/local/k8s_images/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

安装dashboard

接着设置验证方式，默认验证方式有kubeconfig和token，这里使用basicauth的方式进行apiserver的验证。
创建【/etc/kubernetes/pki/basic_auth_file】用于存放用户名、密码、用户ID。

admin,admin,2

编辑【/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml】文件，添加basic_auth验证

vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

添加一行

- --basic_auth_file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/basic_auth_file

kube-apiserver.yaml

重启kubelet

systemctl restart kubelet

更新kube-apiserver容器

kubectl apply -f /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

update apiserver

  接下来给admin用户授权，k8s1.6后版本都采用RBAC授权模型，默认cluster-admin是拥有全部权限的，将admin和cluster-admin bind这样admin就有cluster-admin的权限。
先查看cluster-admin

kubectl get clusterrole/cluster-admin -o yaml

cluster-admin

将admin和cluster-admin绑定

kubectl create clusterrolebinding login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=admin

绑定

然后查看一下

kubectl get clusterrolebinding/login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin -o yaml

image.png

现在可以登录试试，在浏览器中输入地址【https://192.168.242.136:32666】，这里需要用Firefox，Chrome由于安全机制访问不了。

Chrome

通过Firefox可以看到如下界面

login

选择【Basic】认证方式，输入【/etc/kubernetes/pki/basic_auth_file】文件中配置的用户名和密码登录。

基本身份认证

登录成功可以看到如下界面

dashboard

至此，部署全部完成。