版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请标明出处。 https://blog.csdn.net/lyhhj/article/details/51345386
绪论
最近小编有点忙啊，项目比较紧，所以一直在忙活项目，继之前的自定义组件之后就没再写博客了，如果你没看到之前的自定义组件你可以看一下：
Android自定义下拉刷新动画–仿百度外卖下拉刷新
Android自定义组合控件—教你如何自定义下拉刷新和左滑删除
效果还行，源码也已经传到我的Github上了。
那么今天小编来给大家分享点什么呢？对，就是它：Retrofit，话说Retrofit最近真的很火啊，Retrofit+OKHttp现在似乎已经成为了Android网络请求框架的主流框架了吧，小编之前用的是XUtils框架，个人感觉也不错，也更新到了Xutils3，但是毕竟Retrofit是Square出的，所以小编还是忍不住需要探索一下。
鉴于现在Retrofit现在网上很多教程，所以基本的使用方法就不介绍了，小编也不重复造轮子了，如果你还不会用，看看下面几篇文章：
Retrofit 2.0使用详解，配合OkHttp、Gson，Android最强网络请求框架
Retrofit 2.0：有史以来最大的改进
Retrofit初探和简单使用
持久化Cookie
今天小编要讲的是，怎么持久化管理你的Cookie，也就是实现用户免登陆过程。
首先说一下需求，后台大哥哥是这样告诉我的：我们的用户登录需要你在本地管理cookie，用户下次进来的时候不需要再登录，调用其他接口的时候将用户的cookie和session放到请求头里面。我果断的答应了，因为之前用Xutils的时候也这么做过，当我去网上找资料的时候发现并没有很好的资料。因为Retrofit内部是Ok来实现的，所以方向可以找到Ok管理Cookie，好了，方向找到了，我们来看一下OKHttp：
OKHttp3.0之前和之后有很大的改动：
3.0之前：
private Request networkRequest(Request request) throws IOException {
Request.Builder result = request.newBuilder();
//例行省略....
CookieHandler cookieHandler = client.getCookieHandler();
if (cookieHandler != null) {
// Capture the request headers added so far so that they can be offered to the CookieHandler.
// This is mostly to stay close to the RI; it is unlikely any of the headers above would
// affect cookie choice besides "Host".
Map<String, List<String>> headers = OkHeaders.toMultimap(result.build().headers(), null);
Map<String, List<String>> cookies = cookieHandler.get(request.uri(), headers);
// Add any new cookies to the request.
OkHeaders.addCookies(result, cookies);
}
//例行省略....
return result.build();
}我们可以看到Request中是有CookieHandler的，通过client.getCookieHandler()函数获得了CookieHandler对象，通过该对象拿到cookie并设置到请求头里，请求结束后取得响应后通过networkResponse.headers()函数将请求头获得传入receiveHeaders函数，并将取得的cookie存入getCookieHandler得到的一个CookieHandler对象中去。那么我们可以这样加：
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.setCookieHandler(CookieHandler cookieHanlder);3.0之后：
3.0之后OKHttp是加了CookieJar和Cookie两个类的
private Request networkRequest(Request request) throws IOException {
Request.Builder result = request.newBuilder();
//例行省略....
List<Cookie> cookies = client.cookieJar().loadForRequest(request.url());
if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
result.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
}
//例行省略....
return result.build();
}private String cookieHeader(List<Cookie> cookies) {
StringBuilder cookieHeader = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0, size = cookies.size(); i < size; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
cookieHeader.append("; ");
}
Cookie cookie = cookies.get(i);
cookieHeader.append(cookie.name()).append('=').append(cookie.value());
}
return cookieHeader.toString();
}public void receiveHeaders(Headers headers) throws IOException {
if (client.cookieJar() == CookieJar.NO_COOKIES) return;
List<Cookie> cookies = Cookie.parseAll(userRequest.url(), headers);
if (cookies.isEmpty()) return;
client.cookieJar().saveFromResponse(userRequest.url(), cookies);
}那么我们该怎么持久化管理呢?重点来了：
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
private final HashMap<HttpUrl, List<Cookie>> cookieStore = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
cookieStore.put(url, cookies);
}
@Override
public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.get(url);
return cookies != null ? cookies : new ArrayList<Cookie>();
}
})
.build();上面的.addCookieJar就成功的帮我们将session和cookie放到了请求头里面，当调用了用户登录的接口之后，服务器接口的header里面的cookie和session我们就已经保存了。同时问题也来了，我们可以看出来并没有将cookie存到本地，也就是说当我们将APP关闭之后，如果你不再次调用登录接口就去直接调用别的接口，用户的cookie是错误的，服务器不识别你的当前用户，当然最笨的方法就是每次进入APP的时候都调用一下登录接口，这样也可以实现，但是….
所以我的解决办法：
重点就在这：
JavaNetCookieJar是CookieHandler的一个代理，它实现了CookieJar，我们可以看到它里面的loadForRequest（）方法帮助我们从请求头里面获取了cookie并且通过saveFromResponse（）保存了下来。
@Override public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
// The RI passes all headers. We don't have 'em, so we don't pass 'em!
Map<String, List<String>> headers = Collections.emptyMap();
Map<String, List<String>> cookieHeaders;
try {
cookieHeaders = cookieHandler.get(url.uri(), headers);
} catch (IOException e) {
Internal.logger.log(WARNING, "Loading cookies failed for " + url.resolve("/..."), e);
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<Cookie> cookies = null;
for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : cookieHeaders.entrySet()) {
String key = entry.getKey();
if (("Cookie".equalsIgnoreCase(key) || "Cookie2".equalsIgnoreCase(key))
&& !entry.getValue().isEmpty()) {
for (String header : entry.getValue()) {
if (cookies == null) cookies = new ArrayList<>();
cookies.addAll(decodeHeaderAsJavaNetCookies(url, header));
}
}
}
return cookies != null
? Collections.unmodifiableList(cookies)
: Collections.<Cookie>emptyList();
}@Override public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
if (cookieHandler != null) {
List<String> cookieStrings = new ArrayList<>();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
cookieStrings.add(cookie.toString());
}
Map<String, List<String>> multimap = Collections.singletonMap("Set-Cookie", cookieStrings);
try {
cookieHandler.put(url.uri(), multimap);
} catch (IOException e) {
Internal.logger.log(WARNING, "Saving cookies failed for " + url.resolve("/..."), e);
}
}
}可以还是并没有实现本地保存啊，接着往下看：
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.CookieStore;
import java.net.HttpCookie;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* Created by <a href="http://www.jiechic.com" target="_blank">jiechic</a> on 15/5/27.
*/
/**
* A persistent cookie store which implements the Apache HttpClient CookieStore interface.
* Cookies are stored and will persist on the user's device between application sessions since they
* are serialized and stored in SharedPreferences. Instances of this class are
* designed to be used with AsyncHttpClient#setCookieStore, but can also be used with a
* regular old apache HttpClient/HttpContext if you prefer.
*/
public class PersistentCookieStore implements CookieStore {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "PersistentCookieStore";
private static final String COOKIE_PREFS = "CookiePrefsFile";
private static final String COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX = "cookie_";
private final HashMap<String, ConcurrentHashMap<String, HttpCookie>> cookies;
private final SharedPreferences cookiePrefs;
/**
* Construct a persistent cookie store.
*
* @param context Context to attach cookie store to
*/
public PersistentCookieStore(Context context) {
cookiePrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(COOKIE_PREFS, 0);
cookies = new HashMap<String, ConcurrentHashMap<String, HttpCookie>>();
// Load any previously stored cookies into the store
Map<String, ?> prefsMap = cookiePrefs.getAll();
for(Map.Entry<String, ?> entry : prefsMap.entrySet()) {
if (((String)entry.getValue()) != null && !((String)entry.getValue()).startsWith(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX)) {
String[] cookieNames = TextUtils.split((String)entry.getValue(), ",");
for (String name : cookieNames) {
String encodedCookie = cookiePrefs.getString(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name, null);
if (encodedCookie != null) {
HttpCookie decodedCookie = decodeCookie(encodedCookie);
if (decodedCookie != null) {
if(!cookies.containsKey(entry.getKey()))
cookies.put(entry.getKey(), new ConcurrentHashMap<String, HttpCookie>());
cookies.get(entry.getKey()).put(name, decodedCookie);
}
}
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void add(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
// Save cookie into local store, or remove if expired
if (!cookie.hasExpired()) {
if(!cookies.containsKey(cookie.getDomain()))
cookies.put(cookie.getDomain(), new ConcurrentHashMap<String, HttpCookie>());
cookies.get(cookie.getDomain()).put(cookie.getName(), cookie);
} else {
if(cookies.containsKey(cookie.getDomain()))
cookies.get(cookie.getDomain()).remove(cookie.getDomain());
}
// Save cookie into persistent store
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.putString(cookie.getDomain(), TextUtils.join(",", cookies.get(cookie.getDomain()).keySet()));
prefsWriter.putString(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + cookie.getName(), encodeCookie(new SerializableHttpCookie(cookie)));
prefsWriter.commit();
}
protected String getCookieToken(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
return cookie.getName() + cookie.getDomain();
}
@Override
public List<HttpCookie> get(URI uri) {
ArrayList<HttpCookie> ret = new ArrayList<HttpCookie>();
for (String key:cookies.keySet()){
if (uri.getHost().contains(key)){
ret.addAll(cookies.get(key).values());
}
}
return ret;
}
@Override
public boolean removeAll() {
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
prefsWriter.clear();
prefsWriter.commit();
cookies.clear();
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean remove(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
String name = getCookieToken(uri, cookie);
if(cookies.containsKey(uri.getHost()) && cookies.get(uri.getHost()).containsKey(name)) {
cookies.get(uri.getHost()).remove(name);
SharedPreferences.Editor prefsWriter = cookiePrefs.edit();
if(cookiePrefs.contains(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name)) {
prefsWriter.remove(COOKIE_NAME_PREFIX + name);
}
prefsWriter.putString(uri.getHost(), TextUtils.join(",", cookies.get(uri.getHost()).keySet()));
prefsWriter.commit();
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
@Override
public List<HttpCookie> getCookies() {
ArrayList<HttpCookie> ret = new ArrayList<HttpCookie>();
for (String key : cookies.keySet())
ret.addAll(cookies.get(key).values());
return ret;
}
@Override
public List<URI> getURIs() {
ArrayList<URI> ret = new ArrayList<URI>();
for (String key : cookies.keySet())
try {
ret.add(new URI(key));
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Serializes Cookie object into String
*
* @param cookie cookie to be encoded, can be null
* @return cookie encoded as String
*/
protected String encodeCookie(SerializableHttpCookie cookie) {
if (cookie == null)
return null;
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(os);
outputStream.writeObject(cookie);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "IOException in encodeCookie", e);
return null;
}
return byteArrayToHexString(os.toByteArray());
}
/**
* Returns cookie decoded from cookie string
*
* @param cookieString string of cookie as returned from http request
* @return decoded cookie or null if exception occured
*/
protected HttpCookie decodeCookie(String cookieString) {
byte[] bytes = hexStringToByteArray(cookieString);
ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
HttpCookie cookie = null;
try {
ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
cookie = ((SerializableHttpCookie) objectInputStream.readObject()).getCookie();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "IOException in decodeCookie", e);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "ClassNotFoundException in decodeCookie", e);
}
return cookie;
}
/**
* Using some super basic byte array <-> hex conversions so we don't have to rely on any
* large Base64 libraries. Can be overridden if you like!
*
* @param bytes byte array to be converted
* @return string containing hex values
*/
protected String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
for (byte element : bytes) {
int v = element & 0xff;
if (v < 16) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(v));
}
return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
}
/**
* Converts hex values from strings to byte arra
*
* @param hexString string of hex-encoded values
* @return decoded byte array
*/
protected byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
int len = hexString.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}
}我们自定义一个CookieStore来本地存储cookie，存储到SharedPreferences里。当然你也可以用这个：
https://github.com/franmontiel/PersistentCookieJar
都是可以的，这样就完美实现了cookie的持久化管理。
下面是小编封装的一个网络请求类，不喜勿喷，哈哈：
import android.content.Context;
import com.hankkin.bpm.Constant;
import com.hankkin.bpm.http.cookie.PersistentCookieStore;
import java.net.CookieHandler;
import java.net.CookieManager;
import java.net.CookiePolicy;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.internal.JavaNetCookieJar;
import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor;
import retrofit2.Retrofit;
import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
/**
* Created by Hankkin on 16/4/25.
*/
public class HttpControl {
private static HttpControl mInstance;
private Retrofit retrofit;
public static HttpControl getInstance(Context context){
if (mInstance == null){
synchronized (HttpControl.class){
if (mInstance == null)
mInstance = new HttpControl(context);
}
}
return mInstance;
}
public HttpControl(Context context){
CookieHandler cookieHandler = new CookieManager(new PersistentCookieStore(context),
CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL);
HttpLoggingInterceptor logging = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
logging.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.readTimeout(7676, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.connectTimeout(7676,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.addInterceptor(logging)
.cookieJar(new JavaNetCookieJar(cookieHandler))
.build();
retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder().
baseUrl(Constant.BASE_URL).
addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.client(okHttpClient)
.build();
}
public <T> T createService(Class<T> clz){
return retrofit.create(clz);
}
}
补充：在这里可以查到SerializableHttpCookie这个文件
http://www.2cto.com/kf/201507/419264.html
感谢大家的提醒谢谢啦
推荐几篇这方面的资料，小编也是参考了一下资料：
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/34881775/automatic-cookie-handling-with-okhttp-3
http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1453422314105.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/okhttp?sort=active
