一、Haproxy的简介
Haproxy的官网站点：http://haproxy.com/
HAProxy提供高可用性、负载均衡以及基于TCP和HTTP应用的代 理，支持虚拟主机，它是免费、快速并且可靠的一种解决方案。HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点，这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在当前的硬件上，完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中， 同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。
HAProxy实现了一种事件驱动, 单一进程模型，此模型支持非常大的并发连接数。多进程或多线程模型受内存限制 、系统调度器限制以及无处不在的锁限制，很少能处理数千并发连接。事件驱动模型因为在有更好的资源和时间管理的用户端(User-Space) 实现所有这些任务，所以没有这些问题。此模型的弊端是，在多核系统上，这些程序通常扩展性较差。这就是为什么他们必须进行优化以 使每个CPU时间片(Cycle)做更多的工作。
二、Haproxy的工作模式
大致的意思就是：可以分为两部分，
第一部分是互联网，包括互联网上众多的路由设备、Firewall等；
第二部分是本地的网络架构，包括Firewall，proxy、Web server，Database等
Haproxy的注释Local balanceer in proxy mode -- 工作在代理模下是一个负载均衡的功能
通过Haproxy代理后端的Web server群集，如果需要与数据库交互，有Web server与Database建立连接。
三、Haproxy的安装和配置说明
CentOS 6.5系统中yum源提供的Haproxy的版本为1.5.18，在这里我们直接用yum安装
1、安装haproxy
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yum
install
haproxy -y
rpm -ql haproxy
#可以查看yum安装Haproxy生成了哪些文件
/etc/haproxy
/etc/haproxy/haproxy
.cfg
#haproxy的配置文件
/etc/logrotate
.d
/haproxy
/etc/rc
.d
/init
.d
/haproxy
#haproxy的服务脚本文件
/etc/sysconfig/haproxy
/usr/bin/halog
/usr/bin/iprange
/usr/sbin/haproxy
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/CHANGELOG
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/README
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/acl-content-sw
.cfg
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/acl
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/architecture
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/close-options
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/coding-style
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/configuration
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/content-sw-sample
.cfg
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/cookie-options
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/cttproxy-src
.cfg
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/backends-v0
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/backends
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/be-fe-changes
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/binding-possibilities
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/buffer-redesign
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/buffers
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/config-language
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/connection-reuse
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/cttproxy-changes
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/entities-v2
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/how-it-works
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/http_load_time
.url
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/rate-shaping
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/design-thoughts/sess_par_sec
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/gpl
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/haproxy-en
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/haproxy-fr
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/haproxy
.1
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/haproxy
.cfg
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/acl
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/body-parsing
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/buffer-operations
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/buffer-ops
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/connect-status
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/connection-header
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/connection-scale
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/entities
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/entities
.pdf
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/entities
.svg
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/entities
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/hashing
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/header-parser-speed
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/header-tree
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/http-cookies
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/http-docs
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/http-parsing
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/naming
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/pattern
.dia
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/pattern
.pdf
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/polling-states
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/repartition-be-fe-fi
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/sequence
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/stats-v2
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/stream-sock-states
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/internals/todo
.cttproxy
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/lgpl
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/proxy-protocol
.txt
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/queuing
.fig
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/tarpit
.cfg
/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1
.5.18
/url-switching
.cfg
/usr/share/haproxy
/usr/share/haproxy/400
.http
#400错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/403
.http
#403错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/408
.http
#408错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/500
.http
#500错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/502
.http
#502错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/503
.http
#503错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/504
.http
#504错误的状态码页面
/usr/share/haproxy/README
/usr/share/man/man1/halog
.1.gz
#可以直接使用man halog查看命令的使用语法
/usr/share/man/man1/haproxy
.1.gz
#可以直接使用man haproxy查看命令的使用语法
/var/lib/haproxy
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2、haproxy的配置文件说明
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# cd /etc/haproxy/
# cp haproxy.cfg haproxy.cfg.bak
# vim haproxy.cfg
**********************************************************************
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
#全局配置文件
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to: #配置日志
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog #修改syslog配置文件
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog #定义日志设备
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
#日志配置，所有的日志都记录本地，通过local2输出
chroot
/var/lib/haproxy
#改变haproxy的工作目录
pidfile
/var/run/haproxy
.pid
#指定pid文件的路径
maxconn 4000
#最大连接数的设定
user haproxy
#指定运行服务的用户
group haproxy
#指定运行服务的用户组
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket
/var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
#默认使用协议,可以为{http|tcp|health} http:是七层协议 tcp:是四层 health：只返回OK
log global
#全局日志记录
option httplog
#详细记录http日志
option dontlognull
#不记录空日志
option http-server-close
#启用http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0
/8
#来自这些信息的都不forwardfor
option redispatch
#重新分发，ServerID对应的服务器宕机后，强制定向到其他运行正常的服务器
retries 3
#3次连接失败则认为服务不可用
timeout http-request 10s
#默认http请求超时时间
timeout queue 1m
#默认队列超时时间
timeout connect 10s
#默认连接超时时间
timeout client 1m
#默认客户端超时时间
timeout server 1m
#默认服务器超时时间
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
#默认持久连接超时时间
timeout check 10s
#默认检查时间间隔
maxconn 3000
#最大连接数
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend main *:5000
#定义ACL规则以如".html"结尾的文件；-i：忽略大小写
acl url_static path_beg -i
/static
/images
/javascript
/stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
use_backend static
if
url_static
#调用后端服务器并检查ACL规则是否被匹配
default_backend app
#客户端访问时默认调用后端服务器地址池
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend static
#定义后端服务器
balance roundrobin
#定义算法;基于权重进行轮询
server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check check:启动对后端server的健康状态检测
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend app
balance roundrobin
server app1 127.0.0.1:5001 check
server app2 127.0.0.1:5002 check
server app3 127.0.0.1:5003 check
server app4 127.0.0.1:5004 check
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3、haproxy的命令详解
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# haproxy -h
HA-Proxy version 1.5.18 2016
/05/10
Copyright 2000-2016 Willy Tarreau <willy@haproxy.org>
Usage : haproxy [-f <cfgfile>]* [ -vdVD ] [ -n <maxconn> ] [ -N <maxpconn> ]
[ -p <pidfile> ] [ -m <max megs> ] [ -C <
dir
> ]
-
v
displays version ; -vv shows known build options.
-d enters debug mode ; -db only disables background mode.
-dM[<byte>] poisons memory with <byte> (defaults to 0x50)
-V enters verbose mode (disables quiet mode)
-D goes daemon ; -C changes to <
dir
> before loading files.
-q quiet mode : don't display messages
-c check mode : only check config files and
exit
-n sets the maximum total
# of connections (2000)
-m limits the usable amount of memory (
in
MB)
-N sets the default, per-proxy maximum
# of connections (2000)
-L
set
local
peer name (default to
hostname
)
-p writes pids of all children to this
file
-de disables epoll() usage even when available
-dp disables poll() usage even when available
-dS disables splice usage (broken on old kernels)
-dV disables SSL verify on servers side
-sf
/-st
[pid ]* finishes
/terminates
old pids. Must be last arguments.
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4、配置Haproxy的日志
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默认情况下，Haproxy没有启用日志文件，但是我们可以根据haproxy的配置文件做修改。
(1)修改系统日志的配置文件
# vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS=
"-c 2 -r"
(2)增加日志设备
# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
local2.*
/var/log/haproxy
.log
(3)重启一下日志服务
# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart
关闭系统日志记录器： [确定]
启动系统日志记录器： [确定]
(4)查看日志记录信息
# tail -f /var/log/haproxy.log
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四、Haproxy负载均衡web
1、一个配置示例：
Haproxy-Server：10.10.172.195
Apache1-Client：10.10.172.196
Apache2-Client：10.10.172.197
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**********************************************************************
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot
/var/lib/haproxy
pidfile
/var/run/haproxy
.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0
/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 30000
listen stats
mode http
bind 0.0.0.0:8080
stats
enable
stats hide-version
stats uri
/haproxyadmin
?stats
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:123456
stats admin
if
TRUE
frontend http-
in
bind *:80
mode http
log global
option httpclose
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
default_backend servers
frontend healthcheck
bind :1099
mode http
option httpclose
option forwardfor
default_backend servers
backend servers
balance roundrobin
server websrv1 10.10.172.196:80 check maxconn 2000
server websrv2 10.10.172.197:80 check maxconn 2000
**********************************************************************
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2、启动Haproxy服务
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# service haproxy start
Starting haproxy: [ OK ]
# chkconfig haproxy on
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3、浏览器访问
单独访问Apache1：10.10.172.196
单独访问Apache2：10.10.172.197
多次刷新访问Haproxy：10.10.172.195
多次刷新Haproxy的website，会切换到后端不同的webserver主机上。
五、Haproxy的状态监控
1、Haproxy的监控页面
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listen stats
#关联前端和后端定义一个完整的代理
mode http
#设置代理协议
bind 0.0.0.0:8080
#绑定相应的端口
stats
enable
#开启Haproxy统计状态
stats refresh 3s
#统计页面自动刷新时间间隔
stats hide-version
#隐藏代理服务器版本
stats uri
/haproxyadmin
?stats
#访问的url
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
#统计页面认证时提示内容信息
stats auth admin:123456
#设置登录用户和密码
stats admin
if
TRUE
#如果认证通过，则就可以打开stats
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2、访问监控页面
(1)登陆监控页面
admin/123456
(2)查看监控页面
(3)模拟一下故障
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# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
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(4)在次查看监控页面
六、Haproxy的动静分离
haproxy动静分离的配置
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot
/var/lib/haproxy
pidfile
/var/run/haproxy
.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0
/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 30000
listen stats
mode http
bind 0.0.0.0:1080
stats
enable
stats hide-version
stats uri
/haproxyadmin
?stats
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:123456
stats admin
if
TRUE
frontend http-
in
bind *:80
mode http
log global
option httpclose
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20
capture request header Referer len 60
acl url_static path_end -i .html .jpg .gif
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .php
default_backend servers
use_backend lnmmp
if
url_dynamic
backend servers
balance roundrobin
server websrv1 10.10.172.196:80 check rise 2 fall 1 weight 2 maxconn 2000
server websrv2 10.10.172.197:80 check rise 2 fall 1 weight 2 maxconn 2000
backend lnmmp
balance
source
server websrv3 10.10.172.198:80 check rise 2 fall 1 maxconn 2000
|
动静分离实现的需求：
访问index.html页面，由Apache1,、Apache2轮询显示；访问index.php页面，有LNMP或者LAMP服务器显示，
本文转自 dengaosky 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/dengaosky/2050231，如需转载请自行联系原作者
