JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,基于JavaScript(Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999)的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,web开发中这个哥们时常出现在你的程序中,你还不得不解析,一般说到JSON,都会不由自主的对比一下它的前辈XML,XML从设计之初到现在已经有十年的光景,在有些方面的作用已经超出其当时设计XML的初衷,WebService是XML的主要的战场,在网络应用场景中由于XML自身的标签形式和Dom形式的数据,解析相对来说会相对麻烦。这个时候JDouglas Crockford提出了JSON,不写不知道,才知道上次买的《JavaScript语言精粹》也是这货写的,⊙﹏⊙~说多了,进入正题吧:
JSON与XML
可读性:JSON和XML的可读性不相上下,JSON格式常用的符号是逗号,小括号,冒号,中括号,引号五种,比较简洁,XML规范的标签形式,都很易读易懂。
可扩展性:XML天生有很好的扩展性,JSON也有,没有什么是XML能扩展,而JSON却不能扩展。不过JSON在Javascript主场作战,可以存储Javascript复合对象,有着xml不可比拟的优势。
编码难度:XML有丰富的编码工具,比如Dom4j、JDom等,JSON也有提供的工具。无工具的情况下,写JSON会比XML稍微快一点(想对我而言),xml文档要多很多结构上的字符。
JSON数据格式:
键值对的形式:{"Name":"FlyElephant"}
数组是值(value)的有序集合。一个数组以“[”(左中括号)开始,“]”(右中括号)结束。值之间使用“,”(逗号)分隔,例如:[{"Name":"FlyElephant"},{"Name":"中山 郎"}]
值(value)可以是双引号括起来的字符串(string)、数值(number)、true、false、null、对象(object)或者数组(array)。这些结构可以嵌套.
JSON解析
Json的格式是固定的,就意味着大家可以按照规则自己解析,不过为了提高开发效率,有些工具提供了简单的功能供大家使用,比如说json-lib,GSON,既然是搞Android,就使用Gsonj解析,Gson下载地址https://code.google.com/p/google-gson/downloads/list?can=1&q=,下载最新的那个即可~之后添加到自己项目中~
不管是开发还是测试都离不开类对象,所以这个时候先建了一个Book类:
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public
class
Book {
public
Book(String bookName, String author) {
super
();
BookName = bookName;
Author = author;
}
private
String BookName;
private
String Author;
public
String getBookName() {
return
BookName;
}
public
void
setBookName(String bookName) {
BookName = bookName;
}
public
String getAuthor() {
return
Author;
}
public
void
setAuthor(String author) {
Author = author;
}
}
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转换类对象:
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Book book=
new
Book(
"明朝那些事"
,
"当年明月"
);
Gson gson=
new
Gson();
//生成JSON调用toJSON
System.out.println(
"Book: "
+ gson.toJson(book));
//解析JSON调用fromJSON
Book jsonBook=gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(book), Book.
class
);
System.out.println(
"Name:"
+jsonBook.getBookName()+
"--Author:"
+jsonBook.getAuthor());
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结果如下:
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Book: {
"BookName"
:
"明朝那些事"
,
"Author"
:
"当年明月"
}
Name:明朝那些事--Author:当年明月
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List<String>和类共同使用
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Gson gson =
new
Gson();
List<String> list =
new
ArrayList<String>();
list.add(
"北京"
);
list.add(
"上海"
);
list.add(
"广州"
);
list.add(
"深圳"
);
System.out.println(
"IT城市:"
+ gson.toJson(list));
//注意这里的第二个参数
list = gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(list),
new
TypeToken<List<String>>() {
}.getType());
for
(String string : list) {
System.out.println(string);
}
Book book=
new
Book(gson.toJson(list),
"当年明月"
);
System.out.println(
"Book: "
+ gson.toJson(book));
Book jsonBook=gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(book), Book.
class
);
System.out.println(
"Name:"
+jsonBook.getBookName()+
"--Author:"
+jsonBook.getAuthor());
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结果如下:
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IT城市:[
"北京"
,
"上海"
,
"广州"
,
"深圳"
]
北京
上海
广州
深圳
Book: {
"BookName"
:
"[\"北京\",\"上海\",\"广州\",\"深圳\"]"
,
"Author"
:
"当年明月"
}
Name:[
"北京"
,
"上海"
,
"广州"
,
"深圳"
]--Author:当年明月
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List<Book>解析:
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Gson gson =
new
Gson();
List<Book> list =
new
ArrayList<Book>();
Book book1 =
new
Book(
"明朝那些事"
,
"当年明月"
);
Book book2 =
new
Book(
"盗墓笔记"
,
"南派三叔"
);
Book book3 =
new
Book(
"鬼吹灯"
,
"天下霸唱"
);
list.add(book1);
list.add(book2);
list.add(book3);
System.out.println(
"Books:"
+ gson.toJson(list));
List<Book> listJsonBooks = gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(list),
new
TypeToken<List<Book>>() {
}.getType());
for
(Book book : listJsonBooks) {
System.out.println(
"Name:"
+ book.getBookName() +
"Author:"
+ book.getAuthor());
}
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结果如下:
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Books:[{
"BookName"
:
"明朝那些事"
,
"Author"
:
"当年明月"
},{
"BookName"
:
"盗墓笔记"
,
"Author"
:
"南派三叔"
},{
"BookName"
:
"鬼吹灯"
,
"Author"
:
"天下霸唱"
}]
Name:明朝那些事Author:当年明月
Name:盗墓笔记Author:南派三叔
Name:鬼吹灯Author:天下霸唱
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List<Map<String,String>>解析:
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Gson gson =
new
Gson();
List<Map<String, String>> listMaps =
new
ArrayList<Map<String,
String>>();
Map<String, String> map1 =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
map1.put(
"Name"
,
"FlyElephant"
);
map1.put(
"Address"
,
"上地"
);
Map<String, String> map2 =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
map2.put(
"Name"
,
"中山郎"
);
map2.put(
"Address"
,
"北京"
);
map2.put(
"Age"
,
"25"
);
listMaps.add(map1);
listMaps.add(map2);
System.out.println(
"Map:"
+gson.toJson(listMaps));
listMaps=gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(listMaps),
new
TypeToken<List<Map<String,String>>>(){}.getType());
for
(Map<String, String> map : listMaps) {
System.out.println(
"Name:"
+map.get(
"Name"
)+
"--Address:"
+map.get(
"Address"
));
}
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结果如下:
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Map:[{
"Address"
:
"上地"
,
"Name"
:
"FlyElephant"
},{
"Address"
:
"北京"
,
"Age"
:
"25"
,
"Name"
:
"中山郎"
}]
Name:FlyElephant--Address:上地
Name:中山郎--Address:北京
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List<Book>和Map<String>一起解析:
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Gson gson =
new
Gson();
List<Book> list =
new
ArrayList<Book>();
Book book1 =
new
Book(
"明朝那些事"
,
"当年明月"
);
Book book2 =
new
Book(
"盗墓笔记"
,
"南派三叔"
);
Book book3 =
new
Book(
"鬼吹灯"
,
"天下霸唱"
);
list.add(book1);
list.add(book2);
list.add(book3);
System.out.println(
"Books:"
+ gson.toJson(list));
List<Book> listJsonBooks = gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(list),
new
TypeToken<List<Book>>() {
}.getType());
for
(Book book : listJsonBooks) {
System.out.println(
"Name:"
+ book.getBookName() +
"Author:"
+ book.getAuthor());
}
Map<String, String> map =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
map.put(
"List"
, gson.toJson(list));
map.put(
"Info"
,
"上地"
);
System.out.println(
"混合使用:"
+gson.toJson(map));
map = gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(map),
new
TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {
}.getType());
System.out.println(
"List:"
+ map.get(
"List"
) +
"--Info:"
+map.get(
"Info"
));
listJsonBooks= gson.fromJson(map.get(
"List"
),
new
TypeToken<List<Book>>() {
}.getType());
for
(Book book : listJsonBooks) {
System.out.println(
"Name:"
+ book.getBookName() +
"Author:"
+ book.getAuthor());
}
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结果如下:
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Books:[{
"BookName"
:
"明朝那些事"
,
"Author"
:
"当年明月"
},{
"BookName"
:
"盗墓笔记"
,
"Author"
:
"南派三叔"
},{
"BookName"
:
"鬼吹灯"
,
"Author"
:
"天下霸唱"
}]
Name:明朝那些事Author:当年明月
Name:盗墓笔记Author:南派三叔
Name:鬼吹灯Author:天下霸唱
混合使用:{
"List"
:
"[{\"BookName\":\"明朝那些事\",\"Author\":\"当年明月\"},{\"BookName\":\"盗墓笔记\",\"Author\":\"南派三叔\"},{\"BookName\":\"鬼吹灯\",\"Author\":\"天下霸唱\"}]"
,
"Info"
:
"上地"
}
List:[{
"BookName"
:
"明朝那些事"
,
"Author"
:
"当年明月"
},{
"BookName"
:
"盗墓笔记"
,
"Author"
:
"南派三叔"
},{
"BookName"
:
"鬼吹灯"
,
"Author"
:
"天下霸唱"
}]--Info:上地
Name:明朝那些事Author:当年明月
Name:盗墓笔记Author:南派三叔
Name:鬼吹灯Author:天下霸唱
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本文转自Fly_Elephant博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/p/4084476.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者