ubuntu官网的，https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora
省得自己去总结了，直接贴过来，备用。
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SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora
Administrative Tasks
Package Management
Graphical Tools
Command Line Tools
Table of Equivalent Commands
Services
Graphical Tools
Command Line Tools
Network
Graphical Tools
Command Line Tools
It is easy to apply your existing knowledge of Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora to Ubuntu. The key differences between them are covered in this article.
Administrative Tasks
In Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora by default, each administrative user needs to know the root password, in addition to their own password.
In Ubuntu, each user only has one password. Users in the admin group can run command line and graphical applications with elevated privileges. Graphical admin tools prompt for this password when run, and command line tools can be run with root-privileges using sudo.
Package Management
Ubuntu has more packages available than Fedora, so you'll have a better chance of finding what you want in the repositories. As with Fedora, graphical applications will put a link into the Applications menu.
Graphical Tools
The Synaptic package Manager is an excellent tool for finding, fetching and installing packages. Press System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager to start Synaptic.
Command Line Tools
Ubuntu uses apt-get instead of yum, up2date and so on to find, download, and install packages and their dependencies.
Note that, unlike yum, apt-get is only for packages available in repositories - it cannot handle packages you have already downloaded. The dpkg command is used instead.
Table of Equivalent Commands
Below is a table of equivalent commands for package management on both Ubuntu/Debian and Red Hat/Fedora systems.
Task
Red Hat/Fedora
Ubuntu
Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages
Refresh list of available packages
Yum refreshes each time it's used
apt-get update
Install a package from a repository
yum install package_name
apt-get install package_name
Install a package file
yum install package.rpm
rpm -i package.rpm
dpkg --install package.deb
Remove a package
rpm -e package_name
apt-get remove package_name
Remove a package with configuration files
yum remove package_name
apt-get purge package_name
Check for package upgrades
yum check-update
apt-get -s upgrade
apt-get -s dist-upgrade
Upgrade packages
yum update
rpm -Uvh [args]
apt-get upgrade
Upgrade the entire system
yum upgrade
apt-get dist-upgrade
Package Information
Get information about an available package
yum search package_name
apt-cache search package_name
Show available packages
yum list available
apt-cache dumpavail
List all installed packages
yum list installed
rpm -qa
dpkg --list
Get information about a package
yum info package_name
apt-cache show package_name
Get information about an installed package
rpm -qi package_name
dpkg --status package_name
List files in an installed package
rpm -ql package_name
dpkg --listfiles package_name
List documentation files in an installed package
rpm -qd package_name
List configuration files in an installed package
rpm -qc package_name
dpkg-query --show -f '${Conffiles}\n' package_name
Show the packages a given package depends on
rpm -qR package_name
apt-cache depends
Show other packages that depend on a
given package (reverse dependency)
rpm -q --whatrequires [args]
apt-cache rdepends
Package File Information
Get information about a package file
rpm -qpi package.rpm
dpkg --info package.deb
List files in a package file
rpm -qpl package.rpm
dpkg --contents package.deb
List documentation files in a package file
rpm -qpd package.rpm
List configuration files in a package file
rpm -qpc package.rpm
Extract files in a package
rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -vid
dpkg-deb --extract package.deb dir-to-extract-to
Find package that installed a file
rpm -qf filename
dpkg --search filename
Find package that provides a particular file
yum provides filename
apt-file search filename
Misc. Packaging System Tools
Show stats about the package cache
apt-cache stats
Verify all installed packages
rpm -Va
debsums
Remove packages from the local cache directory
yum clean packages
apt-get clean
Remove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory
apt-get autoclean
Remove header files from the local cache directory
(forcing a new download of same on next use)
yum clean headers
apt-file purge
General Packaging System Information
Package file extension
*.rpm
*.deb
Repository location configuration
/etc/yum.conf
/etc/apt/sources.list
Some of the information in this table was derived (with permission) from APT and RPM Packager Lookup Tables.
More technical information about Debian-style packaging can be found in Basics of the Debian package management system and the Debian New Maintainers' Guide.
Services
Services on Ubuntu are managed in a broadly similar way to those on Red Hat.
Graphical Tools
Services can be configured by clicking System -> Administration -> Services. A tool called Boot-Up Manager is also available.
Command Line Tools
Below is a table of example commands for managing services. The apache/httpd service is used as an example.
Task
Red Hat / Fedora
Ubuntu
Ubuntu
(with sysv-rc-conf or sysvconfig)
Starting/stopping services immediately
service httpd start
invoke-rc.d apache start
service apache start
Enabling a service at boot
chkconfig httpd on
update-rc.d apache defaults
sysv-rc-conf apache on
Disabling a service at boot
chkconfig httpd off
update-rc.d apache purge
sysv-rc-conf apache off
Note: Whereas Red Hat and Fedora servers boot into runlevel 3 by default, Ubuntu servers default to runlevel 2.
Note: The service and invoke-rc.d commands call init scripts to do the actual work. You can also start and stop services by doing e.g. /etc/init.d/apache start on Ubuntu, or /etc/init.d/httpd start on Red Hat/Fedora.
Network
Graphical Tools
Fedora/RHEL have system-config-network, ubuntu pre 10.04 had gnome-nettool to edit static ip address, since 10.04 nm-connection-editor is the best choice. For Ubuntu 10.04 Studio there is only manual editing of files since NetworkMontor is not included
Command Line Tools
- ubuntu networking for basic and advanced users
