实现一个Web服务的过程，大概有3个基本的过程：
- Web服务提供者设计并开发Web服务
- Web服务提供者发布Web服务
- Web服务请求者调用Web服务
下面，我通过一个例子，来实现上述过程：
假设一个Web服务提供者提供一个对域名进行探测解析的服务，给定一个域名，可以给出改域名解析后对应的IP地址列表。Web服务提供者设计并开发这个Web服务，然后将服务发布出去，并可以让Web服务请求者进行调用。
开发Web服务
服务接口文件DetectionService.java代码如下所示：
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package org.shirdrn.server.webservices.jaxws; |
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|
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public interface DetectService { |
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DetectedResult detect(String domain); |
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} |
对应的实现类DomainDetectionService.java，如下所示：
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package org.shirdrn.server.webservices.jaxws; |
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|
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import java.net.InetAddress; |
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import java.net.UnknownHostException; |
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import java.util.Date; |
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|
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import javax.jws.WebMethod; |
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import javax.jws.WebService; |
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import javax.jws.soap.SOAPBinding; |
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|
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import org.xbill.DNS.Address; |
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|
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@WebService(serviceName = "DomainDetector",portName = "DomainDetectorPort", |
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targetNamespace = "http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector") |
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@SOAPBinding(style=SOAPBinding.Style.DOCUMENT,use=SOAPBinding.Use.LITERAL, |
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parameterStyle=SOAPBinding.ParameterStyle.WRAPPED) |
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public class DomainDetectService implements DetectService { |
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|
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@WebMethod |
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public DetectedResult detect(String domain) { |
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DetectedResult result = new DetectedResult(); |
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result.setStartTime(new Date()); |
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try { |
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InetAddress[] addresses = Address.getAllByName(domain); |
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for(InetAddress addr : addresses) { |
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result.getIpAddresses().add(addr.getHostAddress()); |
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} |
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} catch (UnknownHostException e) { |
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e.printStackTrace(); |
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} finally { |
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result.setFinishTime(new Date()); |
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result.setTimeTaken(result.getFinishTime().getTime() - result.getStartTime().getTime()); |
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} |
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return result; |
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} |
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|
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} |
上面用到一个DtectedResult类，如下所示：
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package org.shirdrn.server.webservices.jaxws; |
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|
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import java.util.ArrayList; |
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import java.util.Date; |
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import java.util.List; |
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|
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public class DetectedResult { |
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|
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private Date startTime; |
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private Date finishTime; |
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private long timeTaken; |
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private List<String> ipAddresses = new ArrayList<String>(); |
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|
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public Date getStartTime() { |
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return startTime; |
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} |
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|
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public void setStartTime(Date startTime) { |
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this.startTime = startTime; |
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} |
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|
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public Date getFinishTime() { |
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return finishTime; |
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} |
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|
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public void setFinishTime(Date finishTime) { |
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this.finishTime = finishTime; |
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} |
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|
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public long getTimeTaken() { |
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return timeTaken; |
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} |
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|
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public void setTimeTaken(long timeTaken) { |
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this.timeTaken = timeTaken; |
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} |
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|
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public List<String> getIpAddresses() { |
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return ipAddresses; |
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} |
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|
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public void setIpAddresses(List<String> ipAddresses) { |
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this.ipAddresses = ipAddresses; |
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} |
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|
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} |
生成Web Service描述文件（WSDL），如下所示：
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shirdrn@SYJ:~$ cd ~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin$ wsgen -cp . org.shirdrn.server.webservices.jaxws.DomainDetectService -wsdl |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin$ ls |
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com DomainDetector_schema1.xsd DomainDetector.wsdl log4j.properties main org server.xml test |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin$ cp DomainDetect* /home/shirdrn/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/src/org/shirdrn/server/webservices/jaxws/wsdl |
经过上面步骤，生成了两个文件：DomainDetect_schema1.xsd和DomainDetect.wsdl，内容分别如下所示：
- DomainDetector_schema1.xsd内容
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> |
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<xs:schema version="1.0"targetNamespace="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector" |
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xmlns:tns="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector"xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> |
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|
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<xs:element name="detect" type="tns:detect" /> |
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|
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<xs:element name="detectResponse" type="tns:detectResponse" /> |
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|
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<xs:complexType name="detect"> |
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<xs:sequence> |
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<xs:element name="arg0" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> |
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</xs:sequence> |
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</xs:complexType> |
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|
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<xs:complexType name="detectResponse"> |
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<xs:sequence> |
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<xs:element name="return" type="tns:detectedResult" minOccurs="0"/> |
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</xs:sequence> |
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</xs:complexType> |
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|
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<xs:complexType name="detectedResult"> |
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<xs:sequence> |
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<xs:element name="finishTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0" /> |
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<xs:element name="ipAddresses" type="xs:string" nillable="true" |
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minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> |
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<xs:element name="startTime" type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0" /> |
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<xs:element name="timeTaken" type="xs:long" /> |
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</xs:sequence> |
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</xs:complexType> |
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</xs:schema> |
- DomainDetector.wsdl内容
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> |
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<!-- Generated by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS |
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RI 2.1.6 in JDK 6. --> |
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<definitions targetNamespace="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector" |
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name="DomainDetector" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"xmlns:tns="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector" |
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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"> |
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<types> |
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<xsd:schema> |
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<xsd:importnamespace="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector" |
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schemaLocation="DomainDetector_schema1.xsd" /> |
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</xsd:schema> |
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</types> |
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<message name="detect"> |
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<part name="parameters" element="tns:detect" /> |
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</message> |
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<message name="detectResponse"> |
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<part name="parameters" element="tns:detectResponse" /> |
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</message> |
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<portType name="DomainDetectService"> |
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<operation name="detect"> |
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<input message="tns:detect" /> |
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<output message="tns:detectResponse" /> |
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</operation> |
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</portType> |
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<binding name="DomainDetectorPortBinding" type="tns:DomainDetectService"> |
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<soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" |
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style="document" /> |
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<operation name="detect"> |
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<soap:operation soapAction="" /> |
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<input> |
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<soap:body use="literal" /> |
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</input> |
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<output> |
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<soap:body use="literal" /> |
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</output> |
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</operation> |
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</binding> |
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<service name="DomainDetector"> |
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<port name="DomainDetectorPort" binding="tns:DomainDetectorPortBinding"> |
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<soap:address location="REPLACE_WITH_ACTUAL_URL" /> |
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</port> |
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</service> |
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</definitions> |
可以看到，在wsdl文件中通过import引用了前面的schema文件，这个schema文件用于定义类型。
发布Web服务
我们可以发布我们上面开发的Web服务，代码如下所示：
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package org.shirdrn.server.webservices.jaxws; |
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|
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import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint; |
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|
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public class PublishingServer { |
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|
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|
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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String address ="http://172.0.8.212:9033/ws/services/DomainDetectService"; |
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DetectService domainDetectService = new DomainDetectService(); |
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|
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Endpoint.publish(address, domainDetectService); |
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} |
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|
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} |
可以查看本地运行的Web服务进程：
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/src/org/shirdrn/server/webservices/jaxws$ sudo netstat -nap | grep 9033 |
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tcp6 0 0 172.0.8.212:9033 :::* LISTEN 8302/java |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/src/org/shirdrn/server/webservices/jaxws$ jps |
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8302 PublishingServer |
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8358 Jps |
可见，服务发布成功。
也可以在浏览器中打开链接：http://172.0.8.212:9033/ws/services/DomainDetectService?wsdl，就能看到发布的WSDL，内容如下所示：
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<!-- Published by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS RI 2.1.6 in JDK 6. --> |
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<!-- Generated by JAX-WS RI at http://jax-ws.dev.java.net. RI's version is JAX-WS RI 2.1.6 in JDK 6. --> |
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<definitions xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" |
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xmlns:tns="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector"xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" |
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xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"targetNamespace="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector" |
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name="DomainDetector"> |
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<types> |
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<xsd:schema> |
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<xsd:import namespace="http://ws.shirdrn.org/jaxws/WSDomainDetector" |
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schemaLocation="http://172.0.8.212:9033/ws/services/DomainDetectService?xsd=1" /> |
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</xsd:schema> |
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</types> |
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<message name="detect"> |
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<part name="parameters" element="tns:detect" /> |
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</message> |
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<message name="detectResponse"> |
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<part name="parameters" element="tns:detectResponse" /> |
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</message> |
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<portType name="DomainDetectService"> |
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<operation name="detect"> |
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<input message="tns:detect" /> |
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<output message="tns:detectResponse" /> |
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</operation> |
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</portType> |
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<binding name="DomainDetectorPortBinding" type="tns:DomainDetectService"> |
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<soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" |
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style="document" /> |
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<operation name="detect"> |
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<soap:operation soapAction="" /> |
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<input> |
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<soap:body use="literal" /> |
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</input> |
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<output> |
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<soap:body use="literal" /> |
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</output> |
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</operation> |
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</binding> |
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<service name="DomainDetector"> |
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<port name="DomainDetectorPort" binding="tns:DomainDetectorPortBinding"> |
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<soap:address |
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location="http://172.0.8.212:9033/ws/services/DomainDetectService" /> |
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</port> |
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</service> |
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</definitions> |
调用Web服务
首先要根据服务提供者发布的Web服务，生成服务请求者客户端代码，如下所示：
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin$ wsimport -keep -p org.shirdrn.client.webservices.jaxwshttp://172.0.8.212:9033/ws/services/DomainDetectService?wsdl |
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parsing WSDL... |
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generating code... |
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compiling code... |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin$ cd org/shirdrn/client/webservices/jaxws/ |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin/org/shirdrn/client/webservices/jaxws$ cp *.java /home/shirdrn/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/src/org/shirdrn/client/webservices/jaxws |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/bin/org/shirdrn/client/webservices/jaxws$ cd ~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/src/org/shirdrn/client/webservices/jaxws/ |
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shirdrn@SYJ:~/programs/eclipse-java-juno/workspace/self_practice/src/org/shirdrn/client/webservices/jaxws$ ls |
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DetectedResult.java DetectResponse.java DomainDetector.java ObjectFactory.java |
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Detect.java DomainDetectService.java package-info.java |
上面自动生成了客户端代码的骨架，如下几个文件：
- DetectedResult.java
- DetectResponse.java
- DomainDetector.java
- ObjectFactory.java
- Detect.java
- DomainDetectService.java
- package-info.java
基于这些代码，就可以实现服务请求者对服务提供者发布服务的调用。我们实现了一个简单的调用，代码如下所示：
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package org.shirdrn.client.webservices.jaxws; |
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|
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public class DomainDetectClient { |
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|
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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DomainDetector detector = new DomainDetector(); |
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String domain = "baidu.com"; |
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DetectedResult result = detector.getDomainDetectorPort().detect(domain); |
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System.out.println(result.getIpAddresses()); |
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} |
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|
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} |
调用后可以返回对域名进行解析后得到的IP地址列表，结果如下所示：
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[220.181.111.86, 123.125.114.144, 220.181.111.85] |
到此为止，我们完成了一个简单的Web Service的开发、发布、调用的过程。
