1.客户端Token方案
1.1 实现思路
1.2 实现细节
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/dalaoyang/p/11783225.html
2.JWT + Security
JWT很大程度上还是个新技术,通过使用HMAC(Hash-based Message Authentication Code)计算信息摘要,也可以用RSA公私钥中的私钥进行签名。这个根据业务场景进行选择。
2.1 pom依赖
<!--JWT依赖开始--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.7.0</version> </dependency> <!--JWT依赖结束-->
在/login进行登录并获得Token。剩余接口做token验签,这里我们需要将spring-boot-starter-security加入pom.xml。加入后,我们的Spring Boot项目将需要提供身份验证,相关的pom.xml如下:
至此我们剩余所有的路由都需要身份验证。我们将引入一个安全设置类WebSecurityConfig,这个类需要从WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter类继承。
2.2 安全设置类WebSecurityConfig
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter; @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { // 设置 HTTP 验证规则 @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { // 关闭csrf验证 http.csrf().disable() // 对请求进行认证 .authorizeRequests() // 所有 / 的所有请求 都放行 .antMatchers("/").permitAll() // 所有 /login 的POST请求 都放行 .antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/login").permitAll() // 权限检查 .antMatchers("/hello").hasAuthority("AUTH_WRITE") // 角色检查 .antMatchers("/world").hasRole("ADMIN") // 所有请求需要身份认证 .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() // 添加一个过滤器 所有访问 /login 的请求交给 JWTLoginFilter 来处理 这个类处理所有的JWT相关内容 .addFilterBefore(new JWTLoginFilter("/login", authenticationManager()), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class) // 添加一个过滤器验证其他请求的Token是否合法 .addFilterBefore(new JWTAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); } @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { // 使用自定义身份验证组件 auth.authenticationProvider(new CustomAuthenticationProvider()); } // 注入自定义Bean,保证该类能够注入其它Bean,如果没有这步将导致CustomAuthenticationProvider中注入Bean失败 @Bean CustomAuthenticationProvider customAuthenticationProvider() { return new CustomAuthenticationProvider(); } }
先放两个基本类,一个负责存储用户名密码,另一个是一个权限类型,负责存储权限和角色。
2.3 权限类型及角色类
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; class GrantedAuthorityImpl implements GrantedAuthority{ private String authority; public GrantedAuthorityImpl(String authority) { this.authority = authority; } public void setAuthority(String authority) { this.authority = authority; } @Override public String getAuthority() { return this.authority; } }
2.4 用户名密码类
class AccountCredentials { private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
在上面的安全设置类中,我们设置所有人都能访问/和POST方式访问/login,其他的任何路由都需要进行认证。然后将所有访问/login的请求,都交给JWTLoginFilter过滤器来处理。稍后我们会创建这个过滤器和其他这里需要的JWTAuthenticationFilter和CustomAuthenticationProvider两个类。
2.5 JWT生成及验签类
import com.test.framework.client.dto.response.JSONResultDTO; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts; import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; class TokenAuthenticationService { // 5天(单位ms,需要是24H的整数倍:如0.1倍,1倍,10倍,不能0.34倍) static final long EXPIRATIONTIME = 432_000_000; static final String SECRET = "P@ssw02d"; // JWT密码 static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "Bearer"; // Token前缀 static final String HEADER_STRING = "Authorization";// 存放Token的Header Key // JWT生成方法 static void addAuthentication(HttpServletResponse response, String username) { // 生成JWT String JWT = Jwts.builder() // 保存权限(角色) .claim("authorities", "ROLE_ADMIN,AUTH_WRITE") // 用户名写入标题 .setSubject(username) // 有效期设置 .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATIONTIME)) // 签名设置 .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET) .compact(); // 将 JWT 写入 body try { response.setContentType("application/json"); response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK); response.getOutputStream().println(JSONResult.fillResultString(0, "", JWT)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // JWT验证方法 static Authentication getAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request) { // 从Header中拿到token String token = request.getHeader(HEADER_STRING); if (token != null) { // 解析 Token Claims claims = Jwts.parser() // 验签 .setSigningKey(SECRET) // 去掉 Bearer .parseClaimsJws(token.replace(TOKEN_PREFIX, "")) .getBody(); // 拿用户名 String user = claims.getSubject(); // 得到 权限(角色) List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList((String) claims.get("authorities")); // 返回验证令牌 return user != null ? new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user, null, authorities) : null; } return null; } }
这个类就两个static方法,一个负责生成JWT,一个负责认证JWT最后生成验证令牌。注释已经写得很清楚了,这里不多说了。
下面来看自定义验证组件,这里简单写了,这个类就是提供密码验证功能,在实际使用时换成自己相应的验证逻辑,从数据库中取出、比对、赋予用户相应权限。
2.6 自定义验证组件类
import com.test.framework.web.domain.dbdo.doctor.DoctorDTO; import com.test.framework.web.domain.dbdo.patient.UserDTO; import com.test.framework.web.domain.vo.GrantedAuthorityVo; import com.test.framework.web.service.doctor.DoctorService; import com.test.framework.web.service.user.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationProvider; import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException; import java.util.ArrayList; // 自定义身份认证验证组件 class CustomAuthenticationProvider implements AuthenticationProvider { @Autowired private UserService userService; @Override public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException { // 获取认证的用户名 & 密码 String name = authentication.getName(); String password = authentication.getCredentials().toString(); // 认证逻辑,我这里以password为类型,name为真正的查询参数进行DB查询,不同业务场景可以自定义参数查询 // 验证用户名密码是否存在 boolean isExist = false; if("patient".equalsIgnoreCase(password)) { // 查询患者信息是否存在 UserDTO user = userService.getUserByIdCardNo(name); if(null != user) { isExist = true; } } if (isExist) { // 这里设置权限和角色 ArrayList<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>(); authorities.add( new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN") ); authorities.add( new GrantedAuthorityImpl("AUTH_WRITE") ); // 生成令牌 Authentication auth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(name, password, authorities); return auth; }else { throw new BadCredentialsException("密码错误~"); } } // 是否可以提供输入类型的认证服务 @Override public boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) { return authentication.equals(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class); } }
2.7 接口类
@Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Override public UserDTO getUserByIdCardNo(String idCardNo) { return userMapper.getUserByIdCardNo(idCardNo); } }
@Repository public interface UserMapper { /** * 查找患者信息 * @param idCardNo * @return */ UserDTO getUserByIdCardNo(String idCardNo); }
<select id="getUserByIdCardNo" parameterType="String" resultMap="userEntity"> SELECT * FROM USER <where> <if test="idCardNo != null"> ID_CARD_NO =#{idCardNo} </if> AND VALID_FLAG='ENABLE' </where> LIMIT 1 </select>
下面实现JWTLoginFilter 这个Filter比较简单,除了构造函数需要重写三个方法。
- attemptAuthentication - 登录时需要验证时候调用
- successfulAuthentication - 验证成功后调用
- unsuccessfulAuthentication - 验证失败后调用,这里直接灌入500错误返回,由于同一JSON返回,HTTP就都返回200了
2.8 JWTLoginFilter
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.test.framework.client.dto.response.JSONResultDTO; import com.test.framework.web.domain.vo.AccountCredentials; import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException; import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter; import org.springframework.security.web.util.matcher.AntPathRequestMatcher; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; class JWTLoginFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter { public JWTLoginFilter(String url, AuthenticationManager authManager) { super(new AntPathRequestMatcher(url)); setAuthenticationManager(authManager); } @Override public Authentication attemptAuthentication( HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws AuthenticationException, IOException, ServletException { // JSON反序列化成 AccountCredentials AccountCredentials creds = new ObjectMapper().readValue(req.getInputStream(), AccountCredentials.class); // 返回一个验证令牌 return getAuthenticationManager().authenticate( new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken( creds.getUsername(), creds.getPassword() ) ); } @Override protected void successfulAuthentication( HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, FilterChain chain, Authentication auth) throws IOException, ServletException { TokenAuthenticationService.addAuthentication(res, auth.getName()); } @Override protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setContentType("application/json"); response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK); response.getOutputStream().println(JSONResult.fillResultString(500, "Internal Server Error!!!", JSONObject.NULL)); } }
再完成最后一个类JWTAuthenticationFilter,这也是个拦截器,它拦截所有需要JWT的请求,然后调用TokenAuthenticationService类的静态方法去做JWT验证。
2.9 拦截器JWTAuthenticationFilter
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication; import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.filter.GenericFilterBean; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; class JWTAuthenticationFilter extends GenericFilterBean { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { Authentication authentication = TokenAuthenticationService .getAuthentication((HttpServletRequest)request); SecurityContextHolder.getContext() .setAuthentication(authentication); filterChain.doFilter(request,response); } }
现在代码就写完了,整个Spring Security结合JWT基本就差不多了,下面我们来测试下,并说下整体流程。
开始测试,先运行整个项目,这里介绍下过程:
- 先程序启动 - main函数
- 注册验证组件 -
WebSecurityConfig类configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)方法,这里我们注册了自定义验证组件 - 设置验证规则 -
WebSecurityConfig类configure(HttpSecurity http)方法,这里设置了各种路由访问规则 - 初始化过滤组件 -
JWTLoginFilter和JWTAuthenticationFilter类会初始化
首先测试获取Token,这里使用CURL命令行工具来测试。
2.10 验证
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"username":"admin","password":"123456"}' http://127.0.0.1:8080/login
结果:
{ "result": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJhdXRob3JpdGllcyI6IlJPTEVfQURNSU4sQVVUSF9XUklURSIsInN1YiI6ImFkbWluIiwiZXhwIjoxNDkzNzgyMjQwfQ.HNfV1CU2CdAnBTH682C5-KOfr2P71xr9PYLaLpDVhOw8KWWSJ0lBo0BCq4LoNwsK_Y3-W3avgbJb0jW9FNYDRQ", "message": "", "status": 0 }
这里我们得到了相关的JWT,反Base64之后,就是下面的内容,标准JWT。
{"alg":"HS512"}{"authorities":"ROLE_ADMIN,AUTH_WRITE","sub":"admin","exp":1493782240}ͽ]BS`pS6~hCVH% ܬ)֝ଖoE5р
整个过程如下:
- 拿到传入JSON,解析用户名密码 -
JWTLoginFilter类attemptAuthentication方法 - 自定义身份认证验证组件,进行身份认证 -
CustomAuthenticationProvider类authenticate方法 - 盐城成功 -
JWTLoginFilter类successfulAuthentication方法 - 生成JWT -
TokenAuthenticationService类addAuthentication方法
再测试一个访问资源的:
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJhdXRob3JpdGllcyI6IlJPTEVfQURNSU4sQVVUSF9XUklURSIsInN1YiI6ImFkbWluIiwiZXhwIjoxNDkzNzgyMjQwfQ.HNfV1CU2CdAnBTH682C5-KOfr2P71xr9PYLaLpDVhOw8KWWSJ0lBo0BCq4LoNwsK_Y3-W3avgbJb0jW9FNYDRQ"http://127.0.0.1:8080/users
结果:
{ "result":["freewolf","tom","jerry"], "message":"", "status":0 }
说明我们的Token生效可以正常访问。其他的结果您可以自己去测试。再回到处理流程:
- 接到请求进行拦截 -
JWTAuthenticationFilter中的方法 - 验证JWT -
TokenAuthenticationService类getAuthentication方法 - 访问Controller
这样本文的主要流程就结束了,本文主要介绍了,如何用Spring Security结合JWT保护你的Spring Boot应用。如何使用Role和Authority,这里多说一句其实在Spring Security中,对于GrantedAuthority接口实现类来说是不区分是Role还是Authority,二者区别就是如果是hasAuthority判断,就是判断整个字符串,判断hasRole时,系统自动加上ROLE_到判断的Role字符串上,也就是说hasRole("CREATE")和hasAuthority('ROLE_CREATE')是相同的。利用这些可以搭建完整的RBAC体系。本文到此,你已经会用了本文介绍的知识点。