电商开发软件实录：微店商品详情

在电商开发这行闯荡多年，对接过不少平台的 API，微店商品详情 API 的对接经历，至今想起来还历历在目。看似简单的接口调用，却藏着不少特有的 “门道”，从授权方式到数据结构都和其他平台不太一样。今天就把这些年踩过的坑、攒下的实战代码掏出来，给同样在微店开发路上摸索的朋友指个路。

第一次对接微店 API 时，光授权环节就卡了我两天。微店采用的是 OAuth2.0 授权，和淘宝那种 AppKey+Secret 的方式完全不同，需要先引导用户授权获取 access_token，而且这个 token 有效期只有 2 小时，还得处理刷新机制。当时对着文档反复调试，才搞明白完整的授权流程，最后封装出这个工具函数：

python数据实例 [获取测试]

{
  "item": {
        "num_iid": "2749499386",
        "title": "Swarovski施华洛世奇LIFELONG BOW 流苏蝴蝶结浪漫妩媚女款项链饰品礼物5447082",
        "desc_short": "Swarovski施华洛世奇LIFELONG BOW 流苏蝴蝶结浪漫妩媚女款项链饰品礼物5447082",
        "price": 45,
        "total_price": 0,
        "suggestive_price": 0,
        "orginal_price": "45",
        "nick": "达薇妮珠宝",
        "num": "",
        "min_num": 0,
        "detail_url": "https://weidian.com/item.html?itemID=2749499386",
        "pic_url": "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-3b300000016a3fd26d6f0a217216_800_800.jpg",
        "brand": "",
        "brandId": "",
        "rootCatId": "",
        "cid": "",
        "favcount": "",
        "fanscount": "",
        "crumbs": [],
        "created_time": "",
        "modified_time": "",
        "delist_time": "",
        "desc": "<img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-23910000016a40086f230a217216_790_420.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-25490000016a40086f650a217252_790_402.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-064c0000016a400870600a21924b_790_503.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-61250000016a400870900a219248_790_308.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-0e370000016a400871960a21924a_790_600.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-25730000016a400874400a217252_790_600.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-61470000016a400874790a219248_790_600.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-26c00000016a400875df0a217205_790_600.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-34850000016a400876a90a20b7b9_790_834.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-23c00000016a4008754e0a217216_790_379.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-06800000016a400876500a21924b_790_524.jpg"/><img src="https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-25840000016a400875e90a217252_790_427.jpg"/>",
        "desc_img": [
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-23910000016a40086f230a217216_790_420.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-25490000016a40086f650a217252_790_402.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-064c0000016a400870600a21924b_790_503.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-61250000016a400870900a219248_790_308.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-0e370000016a400871960a21924a_790_600.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-25730000016a400874400a217252_790_600.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-61470000016a400874790a219248_790_600.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-26c00000016a400875df0a217205_790_600.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-34850000016a400876a90a20b7b9_790_834.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-23c00000016a4008754e0a217216_790_379.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-06800000016a400876500a21924b_790_524.jpg",
            "https://si.geilicdn.com/pcitem1288244399-25840000016a400875e90a217252_790_427.jpg"

python

运行

import requests
import time

def get_access_token(client_id, client_secret, redirect_uri, code):
    """获取微店access_token"""
    url = "https://openapi.weidian.com/token"
    params = {
        "grant_type": "authorization_code",
        "client_id": client_id,
        "client_secret": client_secret,
        "redirect_uri": redirect_uri,
        "code": code
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    if data.get("errcode") == 0:
        # 存储token和过期时间
        return {
            "access_token": data["access_token"],
            "expires_in": data["expires_in"],
            "refresh_token": data["refresh_token"],
            "expire_time": time.time() + data["expires_in"]
        }
    else:
        raise Exception(f"授权失败: {data.get('errmsg')}")

def refresh_access_token(client_id, client_secret, refresh_token):
    """刷新access_token"""
    url = "https://openapi.weidian.com/token"
    params = {
        "grant_type": "refresh_token",
        "client_id": client_id,
        "client_secret": client_secret,
        "refresh_token": refresh_token
    }
    response = requests.get(url, params=params)
    data = response.json()
    if data.get("errcode") == 0:
        return {
            "access_token": data["access_token"],
            "expires_in": data["expires_in"],
            "refresh_token": data["refresh_token"],
            "expire_time": time.time() + data["expires_in"]
        }
    else:
        raise Exception(f"刷新token失败: {data.get('errmsg')}")

解决了授权问题，调用商品详情接口时又遇到新麻烦。微店的商品数据结构特别 “随性”，不同类型的商品返回字段差异很大。比如实物商品有 “weight” 重量字段，虚拟商品却没有；普通商品的价格在 “price” 字段，而限时折扣商品则藏在 “promotion” 对象里。有次做商品聚合平台，因为没处理这些差异，导致虚拟商品详情页直接报错。后来专门写了个兼容不同商品类型的解析函数：

python

运行

def parse_weidian_product(data):
    """解析微店商品数据，兼容不同商品类型"""
    product = data.get("product", {})
    result = {
        "product_id": product.get("product_id"),
        "title": product.get("title"),
        "main_image": product.get("main_img"),
        "sales_count": product.get("sales_count", 0)
    }

    # 处理价格：优先取促销价
    promotion = product.get("promotion", {})
    if promotion.get("is_valid"):
        result["price"] = float(promotion.get("promotion_price", 0))
        result["original_price"] = float(product.get("price", 0))
    else:
        result["price"] = float(product.get("price", 0))
        result["original_price"] = float(product.get("price", 0))

    # 处理库存：实物商品和虚拟商品字段不同
    if product.get("product_type") == 1:  # 实物商品
        result["stock"] = int(product.get("stock_num", 0))
    elif product.get("product_type") == 2:  # 虚拟商品
        result["stock"] = int(product.get("virtual_stock_num", 0))
    else:
        result["stock"] = 0

    return result

微店 API 的调用频率限制也很有特点，它不是按分钟或小时限制，而是采用 “滑动窗口” 机制，比如 10 秒内最多调用 5 次。有次批量获取商品列表时没控制好节奏，连续收到429错误，导致部分商品数据缺失。后来用滑动窗口算法实现了精准限流：

python

运行

import time
from collections import deque

class SlidingWindowLimiter:
    def __init__(self, max_calls, window_seconds):
        self.max_calls = max_calls
        self.window = window_seconds
        self.calls = deque()

    def allow_request(self):
        now = time.time()
        # 移除窗口外的请求记录
        while self.calls and now - self.calls[0] > self.window:
            self.calls.popleft()
        # 判断是否允许新请求
        if len(self.calls) < self.max_calls:
            self.calls.append(now)
            return True
        return False

# 使用示例
limiter = SlidingWindowLimiter(max_calls=5, window_seconds=10)  # 10秒内最多5次请求
if limiter.allow_request():
    # 调用API
    response = requests.get(api_url)
else:
    # 等待窗口刷新
    sleep_time = self.window - (time.time() - self.calls[0])
    time.sleep(sleep_time + 0.1)

最让我印象深刻的是一次接口突然变更。微店在某个版本更新中，把商品详情接口的 “category_id” 字段改成了 “cate_id”，而且没在更新日志里说明。那天早上一上班就收到大量报错，排查了半天才发现是字段变了。从那以后，每次解析数据都会加一层容错处理：

python

运行

def safe_get(data, keys, default=None):
    """安全获取嵌套字典中的字段"""
    for key in keys:
        if isinstance(data, dict) and key in data:
            data = data[key]
        else:
            return default
    return data

# 示例：兼容新旧字段
category_id = safe_get(product, ["category_id"]) or safe_get(product, ["cate_id"], 0)

这些年和微店 API 打交道，最大的感受就是它的灵活性 —— 既支持个人店铺也支持企业店铺，数据结构会根据店铺类型动态调整。开发时一定要多考虑边界情况，尤其是不同商品类型、不同店铺等级的兼容性处理。