在电商开发的修罗场里摸爬滚打这些年，和京东商品详情API接口的 “较量” 堪称一部跌宕起伏的奋斗史。从申请权限时的层层关卡，到数据解析时的各种 “暗礁”，今天就把这段实战经历掰开揉碎，配上亲测有效的代码，给大伙避避雷！
还记得第一次对接京东API，天真地以为和其他平台大同小异。结果光是申请开发者权限就碰了一鼻子灰 —— 京东对企业资质审核极为严格，营业执照、ICP 备案、应用场景说明反复修改了三轮，整整一周才收到通过通知。好不容易拿到App Key和App Secret，签名算法又成了拦路虎。京东采用的 HMAC-SHA256加密方式，对参数拼接顺序、URL 编码要求近乎苛刻，稍有差错就返回10001签名错误。那段时间熬夜翻看官方文档、GitHub 示例，终于啃出了签名生成函数：
python
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import hashlib import hmac import time import urllib.parse def generate_signature(params, app_secret): sorted_params = sorted(params.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]) query_str = "" for k, v in sorted_params: if isinstance(v, list): v = ",".join(map(str, v)) query_str += f"{k}{v}" sign_str = f"{app_secret}{query_str}{app_secret}" return hmac.new( app_secret.encode('utf-8'), sign_str.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256 ).hexdigest().upper() # 使用示例 api_params = { "method": "jd.union.open.goods.query", "app_key": "your_app_key", "keyword": "手机", "timestamp": str(int(time.time())) } signed_params = generate_signature(api_params, "your_app_secret")
解决了签名问题，新的 “坑” 接踵而至。京东对 API 调用频率限制十分严格，不同接口还有差异化限流策略。为了避免触发封禁，我用 Python 的asyncio结合信号量，实现了异步请求与限流控制：
python
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import asyncio import aiohttp class RateLimiter: def __init__(self, rate_limit): self.semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(rate_limit) async def limit(self): async with self.semaphore: yield async def fetch_product_detail(session, sku_id, signed_params): async with RateLimiter(10).limit(): url = "https://api.jd.com/routerjson" params = {**signed_params, "sku_id": sku_id} async with session.get(url, params=params) as response: return await response.json() async def main(sku_ids, signed_params): async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: tasks = [fetch_product_detail(session, sku, signed_params) for sku in sku_ids] results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks) return results # 示例调用 sku_ids = ["123456789", "987654321"] signed_params = {...} # 已签名参数 asyncio.run(main(sku_ids, signed_params))
python数据实例
"stock": { "skuId": "100031963708", "realSkuId": "100031963708", "ArrivalDate": "", "Drd": "", "sidDely": 182, "promiseResult": "20:00前付款，预计<b>明天(07月02日)</b>送达", "isJDexpress": false, "StockState": 33, "rn": -1, "code": 1, "weightValue": "0.055kg", "fxgCode": "0", "afsCode": 1, "ir": [ { "iconSrc": "京准达", "iconTip": "选择京准达服务，可指定精确时间点收货；若京东责任超时，即时赔付", "helpLink": "//help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html", "iconCode": "sendpay_zhun", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "京准达", "picUrl": "http://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/jfs/t3172/266/1698067915/1634/64a0c40e/57d25fcfNd9c62bb7.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 1 }, { "iconSrc": "211限时达", "iconTip": "上午下单，下午送达", "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/91-953.html", "iconCode": "sendpay_211", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "211限时达", "picUrl": "//static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/zhongbiao.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 1 }, { "iconSrc": "明日达", "iconTip": "指定时间前下单，最快明日达", "helpLink": "//help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html", "iconCode": "sendpay_nextday", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "明日达", "picUrl": "//static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/zhongbiao.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 1 }, { "iconSrc": "预约送货", "iconTip": "京东物流为该商品提供预约送货服务", "helpLink": "//help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html", "iconCode": "service_yysh", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "预约送货", "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/116316/15/7402/1031/5ec22ca4E713f857c/dd49784b20933cf5.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 6 }, { "iconSrc": "部分收货", "iconTip": "如果收件人收货时发现部分货物存在缺少配件、物流损等情形，京东物流提供订单半收服务", "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html", "iconCode": "service_bfsh", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "部分收货", "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/108073/34/18517/1071/5ec22ce0E11a3b1c5/f8ffea5f4cafa0f9.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 6 }, { "iconSrc": "送货上门", "iconTip": "京东快递为您提供送货上门服务", "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/254-4130.html", "iconCode": "service_sssm", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "送货上门", "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/115738/37/12143/1066/5f0c7d11E4faee520/de3879572e2b2014.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 6 }, { "iconSrc": "59元免基础运费", "iconTip": "所选地址自营订单满59元免基础运费(20kg内)，超出重量加收1元/kg续重运费。", "helpLink": "//help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html", "iconCode": "free_delivery_zhong", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "59元免基础运费", "picUrl": "//static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/mianyunfei.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 4 }, { "iconSrc": "京东物流", "iconTip": "京东物流为您提供仓配一体供应链服务", "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/list-81.html", "iconCode": "service_jdwl", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "京东物流", "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/130756/9/11972/4289/5f8674d3Eabfebbef/bb964241bd789a72.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 4 }, { "iconSrc": "7天价保", "iconTip": "在下单或签收7天内，商品出现降价可享受价保服务，部分特殊场景不支持价保，可点击”>"了解详细规则", "helpLink": "https://help.jd.com/user/issue/291-548.html", "iconCode": "service_guominwuyou", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "7天价保", "picUrl": "https://m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/85923/26/10113/3475/5e144da1Ef978a914/d3d44f85b4221cf6.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 3 }, { "iconSrc": "自提", "iconTip": "我们提供多种自提服务，包括京东自提点、自助提货柜、京东校园派、京东星配站、京东便民站等服务", "helpLink": "//help.jd.com/user/issue/103-983.html", "iconCode": "special_ziti", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "自提", "picUrl": "//static.360buyimg.com/item/assets/picon/shoutixiang.png", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 5 } ], "promiseYX": { "iconSrc": "7天无理由退货", "iconTip": "支持7天无理由退货", "helpLink": "http://help.jd.com/user/issue/126-3780.html", "iconCode": "service_qitiantuihuo", "resultCode": 1, "showName": "7天无理由退货", "picUrl": "", "iconType": 0, "iconServiceType": 3 }, "self_D": { "venderId": 1000085871, "colType": 0, "shopId": 1000085871, "shopName": "zippo京东自营旗舰店", "vender": "zippo京东自营旗舰店", "hotLine": "", "shopWebsite": "http://zippo.jd.com", "po": true, "url": "//zippo.jd.com" }, "serviceInfo": "由<spanclass=hl_red>京东</span>发货,<ahref=zippo.jd.comclstag=shangpin|keycount|product|bbtnclass=hl_red>zippo京东自营旗舰店</a>提供售后服务", "sid": 182, "preStore": -1, "unifiedServiceTag": { "enable": true, "freightIconCodes": [ "free_delivery", "free_delivery_zhong", "free_delivery_fresh", "free_delivery_fresh_zhong", "Free_nbaoyou", "Free_nsxbaoyou", "free_baoyou", "free_sxbaoyou" ], "iconServiceTypes": [ "1", "5", "6" ], "tsfw": [ { "code": "s26", "desc": "在下单或签收7天内，商品出现降价可享受价保服务（商品在消费者下单后因参与百亿补贴、政府补贴等活动导致降价不支持价保），可点击“>”了解详细规则", "helpUrl": "https://ihelp.jd.com/l/help/scene/getSceneDetail?id=337318", "logoUrl": "//m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/166785/27/4308/10074/60113548Ea9bb7dbb/be0bac01dccf5f52.png", "name": "7天价保", "shortDesc": "7天内买贵退差价", "iHelpLink": "https://ihelp.jd.com/l/help/scene/getSceneDetail?id=325798", "ihelpLink": "https://ihelp.jd.com/l/help/scene/getSceneDetail?id=325798", "mimgUrl": "//m.360buyimg.com/babel/jfs/t1/222474/40/8926/4033/61de8162E9b3a5a0c/b11a4cc5342015b0.png", "mimgUrl2": "//m.360buyimg.com/lme/jfs/t1/222228/21/20461/3101/63048db5Ef37ece2e/83f0be5658b2f25b.png" }, { "code": "s141", "desc": "由京东指定供应商提供售后服务", "name": "供应商售后", "shortDesc": "京东指定供应商售后"
python
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def parse_product_data(raw_data): try: return { "product_name": raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("wareName", ""), "current_price": float(raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("jdPrice", 0)), "original_price": float(raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("marketPrice", 0)), "stock": int(raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("stockNum", 0)), "brand": raw_data.get("wareInfo", {}).get("brandName", "") } except KeyError as e: print(f"字段缺失: {e}") return {} # 示例调用 raw_response = {...} # API返回数据 parsed_data = parse_product_data(raw_response)
最惊险的一次，帮客户开发商品比价系统时，突然遇到京东接口升级，原本正常的 “商品副标题” 字段被替换成了 “shortTitle”。由于没有做字段兼容性处理，导致前端页面大量数据缺失。吃一堑长一智，后来每次调用 API 都会写版本兼容函数，动态适配字段变化：
python
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def adapt_data_fields(data): if "wareName" in data.get("wareInfo", {}): data["wareInfo"]["product_title"] = data["wareInfo"].pop("wareName") if "jdPrice" in data.get("wareInfo", {}): data["wareInfo"]["current_price"] = data["wareInfo"].pop("jdPrice") return data # 示例调用 adapted_data = adapt_data_fields(raw_response)
这些年踩过的坑、写过的代码，都成了宝贵的经验。如果有遇到其他问题都可以一起交流！
