Grafana完整教程

安装grafana前配置

1. 调整源
2. 默认端口为3000
3. 服务端安装grafana (参考官网)

客户端

安装客户端
阿里云ARMS监控服务文档
设置Grafana Youtuber Blog - jhooq

安装prometheus:

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.47.0-rc.0/prometheus-2.47.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

安装node exporter

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压node exporter

tar xvfz node_exporter-*.tar.gz
cd node_exporter-*.tar.gz

我们一般将其移动或放置在/usr/local/bin下（或者为了方便，放到/usr/local 或者/opt也可以）。

运行并测试node exporter

./node_exporter
#最后一行输出
>ts=2023-09-03T08:27:20.532Z caller=tls_config.go:277 level=info msg="TLS is disabled." http2=false address=[::]:9100

查看localhost:9100/metrics 是否有如下显示 （也可以使用curl看）

# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the pause duration of garbage collection cycles.
# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0"} 0
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.25"} 0
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.5"} 0
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.75"} 0
...

解压prometheus

tar xvfz prometheus-*.tar.gz
cd prometheus-*.tar.gz

我们一般将其移动或放置在/usr/local/bin下（或者为了方便，放到/usr/local 或者/opt也可以）。

运行并测试prometheus

# run  或者加./prometheus --config.file=xxx.yml 指定yml (一般放置/etc/prometheus下)
./prometheus


#最后一行输出不固定的，例如
>ts=2023-09-03T08:54:49.797Z caller=manager.go:1009 level=info component="rule manager" msg="Starting rule manager..."

默认端口9090，浏览器查看localhost:9090

添加prometheus设置 (node exporter)

现在prometheus已经可以正常使用，但是需要额外添加node exporter到yml配置文件中：

- job_name: 'node_exporter'
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
        - targets: ['localhost:9100']

也就是

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]

  - job_name: "node_exporter"
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
        - targets: ["localhost:9100"]

自启动

Prometheus：

创建systemd服务 /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

默认tsdb保存在文件夹下的data内，这里不做修改。
用户和用户组如果不存在需要先创建。(创建一个nologin的用户)

[Unit]
  Description=Prometheus Monitoring
  Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
  Wants=network-online.target
  After=network-online.target

[Service]
  User=prometheus
  Group=prometheus
  Type=simple
  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus/prometheus \
  --config.file /usr/local/bin/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --storage.tsdb.path /usr/local/bin/prometheus/data/ \
  --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \
  --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries
  ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

重启

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start prometheus.service
sudo systemctl enable prometheus.service
sudo systemctl status prometheus.service
# view log
sudo journalctl -u prometheus.service -f

Node Exporter：

[Unit]
  Description=Node Exporter
  Wants=network-online.target
  After=network-online.target

[Service]
  User=nodeexporter
  Type=simple
  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter/node_exporter 

[Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

监控另一台服务器

只需在prometheus.yml中target加上逗号添加即可。

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090", "192.168.200.102:9090"]

  - job_name: "node_exporter"
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
        - targets: ["localhost:9100","192.168.200.102:9100"]

因为第一个监控的服务器是localhost看不出ip, 建议专门拿一台出来做监控机器。

Grafana Dashboard

Grafana Dashboard地址：https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/

好用的Dashboard:
作者：StarsL.cn
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/16098
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/8919

外国人：
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/1860