引言
在日常的网络管理和故障排查中，CMD（命令提示符）是一个非常强大的工具。通过使用一些常用的网络命令，你可以轻松地进行网络诊断、配置和监控。本文将详细介绍一些常用的网络CMD命令，并通过示例说明它们的用法。
常用的网络CMD命令
1. ping
用途：测试网络连接和延迟。 语法：ping <目标IP地址或域名>
示例：
ping www.google.com
输出：
Pinging www.google.com [172.217.16.46] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.217.16.46: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.16.46: bytes=32 time=23ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.16.46: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.16.46: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=55
Ping statistics for 172.217.16.46:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 22ms, Maximum = 24ms, Average = 23ms
2. ipconfig
用途：显示和配置网络接口的详细信息。 语法：ipconfig [参数]
常用参数：
/all：显示所有网络适配器的详细信息。/release：释放指定适配器的IP地址。/renew：更新指定适配器的IP地址。
示例：
ipconfig /all
输出：
Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : DESKTOP-PC
Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : home
Ethernet adapter Ethernet:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : home
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 1A-2B-3C-4D-5E-6F
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::1a2b:3c4d:5e6f%11(Preferred)
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.100(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, October 10, 2023 10:00:00 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, October 11, 2023 10:00:00 AM
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 12345678
DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-23-45-67-89-AB-CD-EF-01
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled
3. tracert
用途：跟踪数据包从本地计算机到目标主机所经过的路由。 语法：tracert <目标IP地址或域名>
示例：
tracert www.google.com
输出：
Tracing route to www.google.com [172.217.16.46]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.1.1
2 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 10.0.0.1
3 3 ms 3 ms 3 ms 192.168.0.1
4 4 ms 4 ms 4 ms 10.0.0.2
5 5 ms 5 ms 5 ms 192.168.0.2
6 6 ms 6 ms 6 ms 10.0.0.3
7 7 ms 7 ms 7 ms 192.168.0.3
8 8 ms 8 ms 8 ms 10.0.0.4
9 9 ms 9 ms 9 ms 192.168.0.4
10 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10.0.0.5
11 11 ms 11 ms 11 ms 192.168.0.5
12 12 ms 12 ms 12 ms 10.0.0.6
13 13 ms 13 ms 13 ms 192.168.0.6
14 14 ms 14 ms 14 ms 10.0.0.7
15 15 ms 15 ms 15 ms 192.168.0.7
16 16 ms 16 ms 16 ms 10.0.0.8
17 17 ms 17 ms 17 ms 192.168.0.8
18 18 ms 18 ms 18 ms 10.0.0.9
19 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms 192.168.0.9
20 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 10.0.0.10
21 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 192.168.0.10
22 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms 10.0.0.11
23 23 ms 23 ms 23 ms 192.168.0.11
24 24 ms 24 ms 24 ms 10.0.0.12
25 25 ms 25 ms 25 ms 192.168.0.12
26 26 ms 26 ms 26 ms 10.0.0.13
27 27 ms 27 ms 27 ms 192.168.0.13
28 28 ms 28 ms 28 ms 10.0.0.14
29 29 ms 29 ms 29 ms 192.168.0.14
30 30 ms 30 ms 30 ms 10.0.0.15
Trace complete.
4. nslookup
用途：查询DNS以获取域名或IP地址的相关信息。 语法：nslookup <目标IP地址或域名>
示例：
nslookup www.google.com
输出：
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: www.google.com
Addresses: 2607:f8b0:4002:801::200e
172.217.16.46
5. netstat
用途：显示网络连接、路由表、接口统计等信息。 语法：netstat [参数]
常用参数：
-a：显示所有连接和监听端口。-n：显示数字形式的地址和端口号。-r：显示路由表。
示例：
netstat -an
输出：
Active Connections
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.100:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.100:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.100:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.100:80 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 192.168.1.100:443 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
UDP 0.0.0.0:137 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:138 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:500 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:1900 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.100:137 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.100:138 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.100:500 *:*
UDP 192.168.1.100:1900 *:*
6. route
用途：查看和修改IP路由表。 语法：route [参数]
常用参数：
print：显示当前的路由表。add：添加新的路由。delete：删除现有的路由。
示例：
1route print
输出：
===========================================================================
Interface List
12...00 15 5d 00 00 00 ......Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection
1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
===========================================================================
IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.100 25
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.100 281
192.168.1.100 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.100 281
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.100 281
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.100 281
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.100 281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
7. telnet
用途：用于远程登录到其他计算机。 语法：telnet <目标IP地址或域名> <端口号>
示例：
telnet www.google.com 80
输出：
Trying 172.217.16.46...
Connected to google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.google.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 10:00:00 GMT
Expires: -1
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
P3P: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."
Server: gws
X-XSS-Protection: 0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Set-Cookie: 1P_JAR=2023-10-10-10; expires=Wed, 09-Nov-2023 10:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; Secure
Set-Cookie: NID=20231010100000; expires=Wed, 09-Nov-2023 10:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly
Accept-Ranges: none
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en"><head><meta content="Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for." name="description"><meta content="noodp" name="robots"><meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><meta content="/images/branding/googleg/1x/googleg_standard_color_128dp.png" itemprop="image"><title>Google</title><script nonce="...">...</script></head><body><div id="lga"></div><div id="mngb"></div><div id="main"><div id="cnt"><div id="rcnt"><div class="med card-section" id="center_col"><div class="logo-hp" id="logocont"><a href="/"><img alt="Google" aria-label="Google" id="hplogo" src="//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_272x92dp.png" style="height: 92px; width: 272px;"></a></div><form action="/search" aria-label="Search" method="GET" role="search"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" maxlength="2048" name="q" title="Search" type="text" value=""><div class="sfib"><input aria-label="Google Search" name="btnK" type="submit" value="Google Search"><input aria-label="I'm Feeling Lucky" name="btnI" type="submit" value="I'm Feeling Lucky"></div></form></div></div></div></div></body></html>
Connection to host lost.
8. ftp
用途：用于文件传输协议（FTP）客户端，上传和下载文件。 语法：ftp <目标IP地址或域名>
示例：
ftp ftp.example.com
输出：
Connected to ftp.example.com.
(vsFTPd 3.0.11)
Name (ftp.example.com:username): user
Please specify the password.
Password:
Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,1,192,168).
Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Sep 25 12:00 pub
Directory send OK.
ftp> get file.txt
local: file.txt remote: file.txt
Entering Passive Mode (192,168,1,1,192,168).
Opening BINARY mode data connection for file.txt (1024 bytes).
Transfer complete.
1024 bytes received in 0.00 secs (1.00 MB/s)
ftp> quit
Goodbye.
9. netsh
用途：配置和显示网络设置。 语法：netsh [参数]
常用参数：
interface ip show config：显示IP配置信息。interface ip set address "本地连接" static 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 1：设置静态IP地址。interface ip set dns "本地连接" static 8.8.8.8：设置DNS服务器。
示例：
netsh interface ip show config
输出：
Configuration for interface "以太网"
DHCP enabled: Yes
IP Address: 192.168.1.100
Subnet Prefix: 192.168.1.0/24 (mask 255.255.255.0)
InterfaceMetric: 25
Type: Dedicated
DNS servers configured through DHCP: 8.8.8.8
Register with which suffix: Primary only
WINS servers configured through DHCP: None
10. arp
用途：显示和修改ARP（地址解析协议）缓存。 语法：arp [参数]
常用参数：
-a：显示ARP缓存表。-d <IP地址>：删除指定IP地址的ARP条目。-s <IP地址> <MAC地址>：添加静态ARP条目。
示例：
1arp -a
输出：
Interface: 192.168.1.100 --- 0x1
Internet Address Physical Address Type
192.168.1.1 00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E dynamic
192.168.1.2 00-67-89-AB-CD-EF dynamic
11. nbtstat
用途：显示NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) 统计数据。 语法：nbtstat [参数]
常用参数：
-a <IP地址>：显示远程计算机的NetBIOS名称表。-c：显示NetBIOS名称缓存的内容。-n：列出本地NetBIOS名称。
示例：
nbtstat -a 192.168.1.1
输出：
Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.1] Scope Id: []
NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table
Name Type Status
------------------------------------------------------------
WORKGROUP <00> UNIQUE Registered
WORKGROUP <1D> UNIQUE Registered
DESKTOP-PC <00> GROUP Registered
DESKTOP-PC <1D> UNIQUE Registered
DESKTOP-PC <1C> GROUP Registered
DESKTOP-PC <20> UNIQUE Registered
..__MSBROWSE__. <01> GROUP Registered
12. hostname
用途：显示或设置主机名。 语法：hostname [参数]
常用参数：
hostname：显示当前主机名。hostname <新主机名>：设置新的主机名（需要管理员权限）。
示例：
hostname
输出：
DESKTOP-PC
13. systeminfo
用途：显示系统详细信息，包括网络配置。 语法：systeminfo
示例：
systeminfo
输出：
Host Name: DESKTOP-PC
OS Name: Microsoft Windows 10 Pro
OS Version: 10.0.19041 N/A Build 19041
OS Manufacturer: Microsoft Corporation
OS Configuration: Standalone Workstation
OS Build Type: Multiprocessor Free
Registered Owner: User
Registered Organization:
Product ID: 00330-80000-00000-AA875
Original Install Date: 10/01/2023, 12:00:00 PM
System Boot Time: 10/10/2023, 10:00:00 AM
System Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
System Model: Inspiron 3670
System Type: x64-based PC
Processor(s): 1 Processor(s) Installed.
[01]: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz
BIOS Version: Dell Inc. A10, 07/01/2020
Windows Directory: C:\Windows
System Directory: C:\Windows\system32
Boot Device: \Device\HarddiskVolume1
System Locale: en-us;English (United States)
Input Locale: en-us;English (United States)
Time Zone: (UTC+08:00) Beijing, Chongqing, Hong Kong, Urumqi
Total Physical Memory: 16,384 MB
Available Physical Memory: 12,345 MB
Virtual Memory: Max Size: 20,480 MB
Virtual Memory: Available: 15,678 MB
Virtual Memory: In Use: 4,802 MB
Page File Location(s): C:\pagefile.sys
Domain: WORKGROUP
Logon Server: \\DESKTOP-PC
Hotfix(s): 3 Hotfix(s) Installed.
[01]: KB4567890
[02]: KB1234567
[03]: KB7654321
Network Card(s): 1 NIC(s) Installed.
[01]: Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller
Connection Name: Ethernet
DHCP Enabled: Yes
IP address(es)
[01]: 192.168.1.100
[02]: fe80::1a2b:3c4d:5e6f%11
[03]: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
Hyper-V Requirements: A hypervisor has been detected. Features required for Hyper-V will not be displayed.
14. ipconfig /flushdns
用途：清除DNS缓存。 语法：ipconfig /flushdns
示例：
ipconfig /flushdns
输出：
Windows IP Configuration
Successfully flushed the DNS Resolver Cache.
15. tasklist
用途：显示当前运行的任务列表。 语法：tasklist [参数]
常用参数：
/S <远程计算机名>：指定要连接的远程计算机。/U <用户名>：使用指定的用户名连接到远程计算机。/P <密码>：使用指定的密码连接到远程计算机。
示例：
tasklist
输出：
Image Name PID Session Name Session# Mem Usage
========================= ======== ================ =========== ============
System Idle Process 0 Services 0 8 K
System 4 Services 0 2,432 K
smss.exe 488 Services 0 1,168 K
csrss.exe 576 Services 0 5,056 K
wininit.exe 600 Services 0 1,200 K
services.exe 612 Services 0 2,600 K
lsass.exe 628 Services 0 1,800 K
svchost.exe 640 Services 0 1,840 K
svchost.exe 700 Services 0 1,880 K
svchost.exe 724 Services 0 1,920 K
...
结语
通过以上介绍和示例，你应该已经掌握了常用的网络CMD命令及其用法。这些命令在日常的网络管理和故障排查中非常有用。希望这篇文章能帮助你更好地理解和使用这些命令。如果你有任何问题或需要进一步的帮助，请随时留言交流！
希望这篇技术博文能够为你提供有用的信息，并激发起你对网络管理的兴趣！如果有任何进一步的问题或需要更多的功能，请评论区留言或私信。
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