树莓派ubuntu镜像备份详细教程

1.获取镜像

• 将配置好环境的树莓派sd卡放入读卡器
• 将读卡器插入电脑
• 在Windows操作系统上使用软件win32diskimager获取镜像
• 将镜像保存到Linux操作系统上某个位置，例如ubuntu22.04

2.减小镜像体积

• 安装pishrink.sh

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Drewsif/PiShrink/master/pishrink.sh
chmod +x pishrink.sh
sudo mv pishrink.sh /usr/local/bin

PiShrink 是一个 bash 脚本，可以自动缩小镜像大小，然后在启动时将其调整为 SD 卡的最大大小。
用法参数：

Usage: $0 [-adhrsvzZ] imagefile.img [newimagefile.img]

  -s         Don't expand filesystem when image is booted the first time
  -v         Be verbose
  -r         Use advanced filesystem repair option if the normal one fails
  -z         Compress image after shrinking with gzip
  -Z         Compress image after shrinking with xz
  -a         Compress image in parallel using multiple cores
  -d         Write debug messages in a debug log file

参考链接：PiShrink项目

• 压缩镜像
  在镜像所在的目录下使用以下命令，将img_name替换为你的镜像名称

sudo pishrink.sh img_name.img

结果应当类似以下情况：

[user@localhost PiShrink]$ sudo pishrink.sh pi.img
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/loop1: 88262/1929536 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 842728/7717632 blocks
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/loop1 to 773603 (4k) blocks.
Begin pass 2 (max = 100387)
Relocating blocks             XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Begin pass 3 (max = 236)
Scanning inode table          XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Begin pass 4 (max = 7348)
Updating inode references     XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
The filesystem on /dev/loop1 is now 773603 blocks long.

Shrunk pi.img from 30G to 3.1G