审核看清楚了 ! 这是以太坊测试网络!用于学习的测试网络!!! 有关web3 和qkl的内容为什么要给我审核不通过? 别人凭什么可以发!
目标成果:
实现功能分析:
- 显示账户信息,地址、chainID、网络ID、余额
- 实现转账功能
需要准备的事情:
- 一个有sepolia ETH余额的web3账户,没有可以找水龙头领取或者某鱼购买
- 浏览器插件安装了 MetaMask钱包插件(小狐狸钱包)
- 准备一个web容器,我这边使用的是nginx
操作环节:
先写出网页大概的内容布局;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>js连接web3钱包</title> </head> <body> <div> <div><h3>详情信息</h3></div> <div> <div> <label>账户地址:<span></span></label> </div> <div> <label>ChainID:<span></span></label> </div> <div> <label>网络ID:<span></span></label> </div> <div> <label>余额:<span></span></label> </div> </div> <div> <button>转账</button> </div> </div> <div> <label>对手地址<input type="text"></label> <br> <label>ETH数量<input type="text"></label> <br> <button>确定</button> <button>取消</button> </div> </body> </html>
接下来是写js部分
把大概的框架都写出来:
//判断浏览器是否具备MetaMask环境 const initialize = async ()=>{ if(!isMetaMaskInstalled()){ //如果没安装弹出窗口 alert("请先安装 MetaMask"); }else{ await getNetwork(); //获取网络 await getChainId(); //获取链 await getAccount(); //获取账户地址 await getBalance(); //获取余额 } }
在上面这个initialize()方法中,里面我们调用了5个方法,每个方法都有其各自的作用.
方法 | 作用 |
isMetaMaskInstalled() | 用来判断浏览器是否安装了MetaMask钱包 |
getNetwork() | 获取网络号 |
getChainId() | 获取链ID |
getAccount() | 获取账户地址 |
getBalance() | 获取账户余额 |
现在开始着手写这几个方法
- 判断是否安装
const isMetaMaskInstalled = () => { const { ethereum } = window; return Boolean(ethereum && ethereum.isMetaMask); }
- 获取网络号然然后渲染到html页面上
html部分要要加上 对应的id进行innerHTML
<div> <label>账户地址:<span id="accountSpan"></span></label> </div> <div> <label>ChainID:<span id="ChainIdSpan"></span></label> </div> <div> <label>网络ID:<span id="NetworkSpan"></span></label> </div> <div> <label>余额:<span id="BalanceSpan"></span></label> </div>
js部分
const getNetwork = async () => { try { const networkId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'net_version' }); NetworkSpan.innerHTML = networkId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getChainId = async () => { try { const chainId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_chainId' }); ChainIdSpan.innerHTML = chainId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getAccount = async () => { try { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });//调用这个方法会弹出MetaMask的一个授权窗口 accountSpan.innerHTML = accounts[0]; // 显示连接第一个账户 } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getBalance = async () => { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const balance = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_getBalance', params: [accounts[0], 'latest'] }); userBalance = parseInt(balance, 16); const ethBalance = Web3.utils.fromWei(balance, 'ether');//这里要引入一个web3.js文件 BalanceSpan.innerHTML = `${ethBalance} ETH`; } window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialize);//进入网页后自动调用initialize方法,不调用就无法查询和渲染页面
还要引入一个web3.js用于单位转换(其实我们也可以自己计算)
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/web3@1.6.0/dist/web3.min.js"></script>
现在已经完成显示账户信息的功能了!
接下来我们要实现我们的转账功能.,代码如下(还没有美化的版本)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>js连接web3钱包</title> <style> #transferModal { display: none; position: fixed; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); background-color: white; padding: 20px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } </style> </head> <body> <div> <div><h3>详情信息</h3></div> <div> <div> <label>账户地址:<span id="accountSpan"></span></label> </div> <div> <label>ChainID:<span id="ChainIdSpan"></span></label> </div> <div> <label>网络ID:<span id="NetworkSpan"></span></label> </div> <div> <label>余额:<span id="BalanceSpan"></span></label> </div> </div> <div> <button id="sendButton">转账</button> </div> </div> <div id="transferModal"> <label>对手地址<input type="text" id="recipientAddress"></label> <br> <label>ETH数量<input type="text" id="ethAmount" required min="0" step="0.0001"></label> <br> <button id="confirmTransferButton" type="submit">确定</button> <button id="cancelTransferButton">取消</button> </div> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/web3@1.6.0/dist/web3.min.js"></script> <script> //判断浏览器是否具备MetaMask环境 const initialize = async () => { if (!isMetaMaskInstalled()) { //如果没安装弹出窗口 alert("请先安装 MetaMask"); } else { await getNetwork(); //获取网络 await getChainId(); //获取链 await getAccount(); //获取账户地址 await getBalance(); //获取余额 } } //判断是否安装 const isMetaMaskInstalled = () => { const { ethereum } = window; return Boolean(ethereum && ethereum.isMetaMask); } const getNetwork = async () => { try { const networkId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'net_version' }); NetworkSpan.innerHTML = networkId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getChainId = async () => { try { const chainId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_chainId' }); ChainIdSpan.innerHTML = chainId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getAccount = async () => { try { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });//调用这个方法会弹出MetaMask的一个授权窗口 accountSpan.innerHTML = accounts[0]; // 显示连接第一个账户 } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getBalance = async () => { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const balance = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_getBalance', params: [accounts[0], 'latest'] }); userBalance = parseInt(balance, 16); const ethBalance = Web3.utils.fromWei(balance, 'ether');//这里要引入一个web3.js文件 BalanceSpan.innerHTML = `${ethBalance} ETH`; } //获取最新的gas prices const getGasPrice = async () => { const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider); const gasPrice = await web3.eth.getGasPrice(); console.log('Current gas prices => ' + gasPrice); return gasPrice; } // 显示和隐藏转账模态窗口 const sendButton = document.getElementById('sendButton'); const transferModal = document.getElementById('transferModal'); const confirmTransferButton = document.getElementById('confirmTransferButton'); const cancelTransferButton = document.getElementById('cancelTransferButton'); sendButton.addEventListener('click', () => { transferModal.style.display = 'block'; }); cancelTransferButton.addEventListener('click', () => { transferModal.style.display = 'none'; }); // 处理转账逻辑 confirmTransferButton.addEventListener('click', async () => { const recipientAddress = document.getElementById('recipientAddress').value; const ethAmount = document.getElementById('ethAmount').value; if (!recipientAddress || !ethAmount) { alert('请填写所有字段'); return; } try { const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider); const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const senderAddress = accounts[0]; const transactionParameters = { to: recipientAddress, from: senderAddress, value: web3.utils.toHex(web3.utils.toWei(ethAmount, 'ether')), gasPrice: await getGasPrice(), gas: '21000', // 默认的gas limit }; await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_sendTransaction', params: [transactionParameters], }); alert('转账成功'); transferModal.style.display = 'none'; await getBalance(); // 更新余额 } catch (error) { console.error(error); alert('转账失败'); } }); // 切换账户的时候触发 ethereum.on('accountsChanged', function (accounts) { console.log('账户已切换'); window.location.reload(); }); // 切换网络的时候触发 ethereum.on('chainChanged', function (accounts) { console.log('网络已切换'); window.location.reload(); }); window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialize); </script> </body> </html>
结果:
这样就可以完成转账功能了!
美化 二选一 bootstrap or layui.
- 使用bootstrap 美化一下
code:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Web3 钱包</title> <link rel="icon" href="http://u5a.cn/uftiP" type="image/x-icon"></link> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/5.3.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.6.0/css/brands.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <style> body { background-color: #f8f9fa; } .wallet-info { margin-top: 20px; } .wallet-info label { font-weight: bold; } .wallet-info span { font-style: italic; } .navbar-brand { font-weight: bold; } .copy-icon { cursor: pointer; margin-left: 10px; color: #007bff; } .copy-icon:hover { color: #0056b3; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-light bg-light"> <div class="container-fluid"> <span class="navbar-brand">币圈老韭菜</span> </div> </nav> <div class="container wallet-info"> <div> <h3>详情信息</h3> </div> <div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 mb-3"> <label>账户地址:</label> <span id="accountSpan"></span> <i class="fas fa-copy copy-icon" onclick="copyAddress()"></i> </div> <div class="col-md-6 mb-3"> <label>Chain:</label> <span id="NetworkSpan"></span> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 mb-3"> <label>链ID:</label> <span id="ChainIdSpan"></span> </div> <div class="col-md-6 mb-3"> <label>余额:</label> <span id="BalanceSpan"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div> <button class="btn btn-primary" id="sendButton">转账</button> </div> </div> <!-- 转账表单模态框 --> <div class="modal fade" id="transferModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="transferModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="transferModalLabel">转账</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form id="transferForm"> <div class="mb-3"> <label for="recipientAddress" class="form-label">转账地址</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="recipientAddress" required> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <label for="ethAmount" class="form-label">ETH 数量</label> <input type="number" class="form-control" id="ethAmount" required min="0" step="0.0001"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">确定转账</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/web3@1.6.0/dist/web3.min.js"></script> <script> let userBalance = 0; // 初始化 const initialize = () => { checkMetaMaskClient(); } // 如果安装了小狐狸才可以获取信息 const checkMetaMaskClient = async () => { if (!isMetaMaskInstalled()) { alert("请安装 MetaMask"); } else { await getNetworkAndChainId(); // 获取网络ID await getAccount(); // 使用 eth_requestAccounts 获取账户 await getBalance(); // 使用 eth_getBalance 获取余额 } } // 验证是不是安装了 const isMetaMaskInstalled = () => { const { ethereum } = window; return Boolean(ethereum && ethereum.isMetaMask); } const getAccount = async () => { try { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); accountSpan.innerHTML = accounts[0]; // 显示第一个账户 } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getNetworkAndChainId = async () => { try { const chainId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_chainId' }); ChainIdSpan.innerHTML = chainId; const networkId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'net_version' }); NetworkSpan.innerHTML = networkId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getBalance = async () => { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const balance = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_getBalance', params: [accounts[0], 'latest'] }); userBalance = parseInt(balance, 16); const ethBalance = Web3.utils.fromWei(balance, 'ether'); BalanceSpan.innerHTML = `${ethBalance} ETH`; } const getGasPrice = async () => { const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider); const gasPrice = await web3.eth.getGasPrice(); console.log('Current gas prices =>'+gasPrice); return gasPrice; } // 事件触发 // 点击转账按钮的时候触发 document.getElementById('sendButton').onclick = () => { // 打开模态框 new bootstrap.Modal(document.getElementById('transferModal')).show(); } // 提交转账表单 document.getElementById('transferForm').onsubmit = async (e) => { e.preventDefault(); const recipientAddress = document.getElementById('recipientAddress').value; const ethAmount = parseFloat(document.getElementById('ethAmount').value); const weiAmount = Web3.utils.toWei(ethAmount.toString(), 'ether'); if (weiAmount <= 0) { alert('ETH 数量必须大于 0'); return; } if (weiAmount > userBalance) { alert('余额不足'); return; } const gasPrice = await getGasPrice(); const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const params = [{ from: accounts[0], to: recipientAddress, value: Web3.utils.toHex(weiAmount), gas: '0x5208', // 21000 gas 的十六进制 gasPrice: Web3.utils.toHex(gasPrice), // 当前网络 gas price }]; try { await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_sendTransaction', params: params, }); alert('转账成功'); } catch (error) { console.error(error); alert('转账失败'); } } // 一键复制地址功能 const copyAddress = () => { const address = document.getElementById('accountSpan').textContent; navigator.clipboard.writeText(address).then(() => { alert('地址已复制'); }).catch(err => { console.error('无法复制地址', err); }); } // 切换账户的时候触发 ethereum.on('accountsChanged', function (accounts) { console.log('账户已切换'); window.location.reload(); }); // 切换网络的时候触发 ethereum.on('chainChanged', function (accounts) { console.log('网络已切换'); window.location.reload(); }); window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialize); </script> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/popper.js/2.11.8/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/5.3.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/font-awesome/6.5.1/js/all.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
- 使用layui美化的效果 (感觉做的还是太丑了)
code:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>js连接web3钱包</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.net/layui/2.9.4/css/layui.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <style> body { font-size: 16px; } .layui-container { margin-top: 20px; } .layui-col-md4 { padding: 10px 0; } #transferModal { display: none; position: fixed; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); background-color: white; padding: 20px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-size: 16px; } .layui-form-label { width: 100px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="layui-container"> <div><h3>详情信息</h3></div> <div class="layui-row layui-col-space10"> <div class="layui-col-md6"> <label>账户地址:<span id="accountSpan" class="layui-badge"></span></label> </div> <div class="layui-col-md6"> <label>ChainID:<span id="ChainIdSpan" class="layui-badge layui-bg-blue"></span></label> </div> <div class="layui-col-md6"> <label>网络ID:<span id="NetworkSpan" class="layui-badge layui-bg-green"></span></label> </div> <div class="layui-col-md6"> <label>余额:<span id="BalanceSpan" class="layui-badge layui-bg-orange"></span></label> </div> </div> <div> <button id="sendButton" class="layui-btn layui-btn-normal">转账</button> </div> </div> <div id="transferModal" class="layui-card"> <div class="layui-card-header">转账</div> <div class="layui-card-body"> <div class="layui-form-item"> <label class="layui-form-label">对手地址</label> <div class="layui-input-block"> <input type="text" id="recipientAddress" class="layui-input" required> </div> </div> <div class="layui-form-item"> <label class="layui-form-label">ETH数量</label> <div class="layui-input-block"> <input type="text" id="ethAmount" class="layui-input" required min="0" step="0.0001"> </div> </div> <div class="layui-form-item"> <div class="layui-input-block"> <button id="confirmTransferButton" class="layui-btn" type="submit">确定</button> <button id="cancelTransferButton" class="layui-btn layui-btn-primary">取消</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/layui/2.9.4/layui.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/web3@1.6.0/dist/web3.min.js"></script> <script> layui.use(['layer', 'form'], function(){ const layer = layui.layer; const form = layui.form; //判断浏览器是否具备MetaMask环境 const initialize = async () => { if (!isMetaMaskInstalled()) { //如果没安装弹出窗口 layer.alert("请先安装 MetaMask"); } else { await getNetwork(); //获取网络 await getChainId(); //获取链 await getAccount(); //获取账户地址 await getBalance(); //获取余额 } } //判断是否安装 const isMetaMaskInstalled = () => { const { ethereum } = window; return Boolean(ethereum && ethereum.isMetaMask); } const getNetwork = async () => { try { const networkId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'net_version' }); NetworkSpan.innerHTML = networkId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getChainId = async () => { try { const chainId = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_chainId' }); ChainIdSpan.innerHTML = chainId; } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getAccount = async () => { try { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });//调用这个方法会弹出MetaMask的一个授权窗口 accountSpan.innerHTML = accounts[0]; // 显示连接第一个账户 } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } const getBalance = async () => { const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const balance = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_getBalance', params: [accounts[0], 'latest'] }); userBalance = parseInt(balance, 16); const ethBalance = Web3.utils.fromWei(balance, 'ether');//这里要引入一个web3.js文件 BalanceSpan.innerHTML = `${ethBalance} ETH`; } //获取最新的gas prices const getGasPrice = async () => { const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider); const gasPrice = await web3.eth.getGasPrice(); console.log('Current gas prices => ' + gasPrice); return gasPrice; } // 显示和隐藏转账模态窗口 const sendButton = document.getElementById('sendButton'); const transferModal = document.getElementById('transferModal'); const confirmTransferButton = document.getElementById('confirmTransferButton'); const cancelTransferButton = document.getElementById('cancelTransferButton'); sendButton.addEventListener('click', () => { transferModal.style.display = 'block'; }); cancelTransferButton.addEventListener('click', () => { transferModal.style.display = 'none'; }); // 处理转账逻辑 confirmTransferButton.addEventListener('click', async () => { const recipientAddress = document.getElementById('recipientAddress').value; const ethAmount = document.getElementById('ethAmount').value; if (!recipientAddress || !ethAmount) { layer.alert('请填写所有字段'); return; } try { const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider); const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }); const senderAddress = accounts[0]; const transactionParameters = { to: recipientAddress, from: senderAddress, value: web3.utils.toHex(web3.utils.toWei(ethAmount, 'ether')), gasPrice: await getGasPrice(), gas: '21000', // 默认的gas limit }; await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_sendTransaction', params: [transactionParameters], }); layer.alert('转账成功'); transferModal.style.display = 'none'; await getBalance(); // 更新余额 } catch (error) { console.error(error); layer.alert('转账失败'); } }); // 切换账户的时候触发 ethereum.on('accountsChanged', function (accounts) { console.log('账户已切换'); window.location.reload(); }); // 切换网络的时候触发 ethereum.on('chainChanged', function (accounts) { console.log('网络已切换'); window.location.reload(); }); window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialize); }); </script> </body> </html>
展望:
后续还会添加切换账户\网络\加入代币\选择转账的币种\转账的历史记录
小结:
关于gas
- Gas Price(Gas 价格):
- 表示为 gwei(1 gwei = 10^-9 ETH),wei是以太坊的最小单位。
- 用户可以设定他们愿意支付的 gas 价格。Gas 价格越高,交易被矿工处理的速度可能越快,因为矿工更倾向于处理 gas 价格较高的交易以获得更多的报酬。
- Gas Limit(Gas 限额):
- 用户愿意为一个特定交易支付的最大 gas 数量。
- 防止意外消耗过多的 gas 资源。
- Transaction Fee(交易费用):
- 计算方式:
Gas Price * Gas Used
。 - 例如,如果 gas 价格是 20 gwei,并且交易消耗了 21,000 gas,那么交易费用将是
20 gwei * 21,000 = 420,000 gwei
,大约等于0.00042 ETH
。
Gas 的作用
- 防止滥用:
- 每个操作都需要支付 gas,防止用户随意发起大量计算资源消耗的操作,确保网络的安全性和稳定性。
- 奖励矿工:
- 矿工通过处理交易获得 gas 费用作为奖励,激励他们维护网络。
- 确保执行:
- 确保用户为执行智能合约或其他操作付费,智能合约的复杂度越高,所需的 gas 就越多。
功能描述
1. MetaMask 环境检测
- 功能:检查浏览器是否安装了 MetaMask 插件。
- 实现:通过
isMetaMaskInstalled
函数检测ethereum
对象及其isMetaMask
属性。
2. 获取网络信息
- 功能:获取并显示当前网络的 Network ID 和 Chain ID。
- 实现:通过调用 MetaMask 提供的
ethereum.request({ method: 'net_version' })
和ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_chainId' })
获取 Network ID 和 Chain ID。
3. 获取账户信息
- 功能:获取并显示连接的以太坊账户地址。
- 实现:通过调用 MetaMask 提供的
ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' })
获取账户地址,并显示在页面上。
4. 获取账户余额
- 功能:获取并显示当前账户的 ETH 余额。
- 实现:通过调用 MetaMask 提供的
ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_getBalance', params: [accounts[0], 'latest'] })
获取余额,并转换为 ETH 后显示在页面上。
5. 转账功能
- 功能:用户可以通过输入对手地址和 ETH 数量来进行转账操作。
- 实现:
- 提供一个按钮用于显示转账模态窗口。
- 模态窗口中有输入框用于输入对手地址和转账数量。
- 点击确定按钮后,调用 MetaMask 提供的
ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_sendTransaction', params: [transactionParameters] })
完成转账。
6. 实时更新
- 功能:当账户或网络发生变化时,页面会自动刷新。
- 实现:通过
ethereum.on('accountsChanged')
和ethereum.on('chainChanged')
事件监听账户和网络变化,并刷新页面以更新显示的信息。