原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/vijayfly/p/5045175.html
1.rman完全恢复的前提条件：历史的datafile,controlfile和spfile备份，加上完整的archivelog和完好的redolog。
2.rman备份脚本：
a.RMAN 0级备份命令:
run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup incremental level 0 tag 'level0' format "E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\RFDB_level_0_%u_%s_%p" as compressed backupset database; sql "alter system archive log current"; backup filesperset 3 format "E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\arch_%u_%s_%p_%c" archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份 release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; }
b.RMAN 1级备份命令:
run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup incremental level 1 tag 'level1' format 'E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\RFDB_level_1_%u_%s_%p' as compressed backupset database; sql 'alter system archive log current'; backup filesperset 3 format 'E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\arch_%u_%s_%p' archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份 release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; }
c.rman删除备份命令（在保留最近一天备份的情况下，删除其他备份）:
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;
d.操作系统层面运行rman备份或删除命令：
rman target sys/rf4rfvbgt56yhn@rfdb nocatalog CMDFILE 'D:\app\rman\rman_file\level_0.txt' log=E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\log\rman_level_0.log
3.rman恢复
a.拷贝datafile,controlfile和spfile的rman备份，以及完整的archivelog和完好的redolog文件到新的数据库。
b.切换至oracle用户，进入rman（先设置sid）：
export ORACLE_SID=rfdb
rlwrap rman target /
c.启动一个伪实例：
RMAN> startup nomount connected to target database (not started) startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1/dbs/initrfdb.ora' starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes Fixed Size 2260088 bytes Variable Size 281019272 bytes Database Buffers 780140544 bytes Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes
d.在伪实例下恢复spfile文件（必须要指定rman的备份片）：
RMAN> restore spfile from "/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp"; Starting restore at 14-DEC-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete Finished restore at 14-DEC-15
e.关闭伪实例，用spfile文件启动至nomount状态：
RMAN> shutdown abort Oracle instance shut down RMAN> startup nomount connected to target database (not started) Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes Fixed Size 2260088 bytes Variable Size 910164872 bytes Database Buffers 150994944 bytes Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes
f.恢复控制文件（必须要指定rman的备份片，备份片应该和spfile的恢复片是同一个）：
RMAN> restore controlfile from "/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp"; Starting restore at 14-DEC-15 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1146 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b0h_.ctl output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl Finished restore at 14-DEC-15
g.启动数据库至mount状态：
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
h.把拷贝到新机器的备份文件注册到（刚恢复的）控制文件中（redolog不能被注册，所以最后有报错，没有关系）：
RMAN> catalog start with "/u01/ora_bak"; Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 14-DEC-15 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1146 device type=DISK Crosschecked 1 objects Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 14-DEC-15 Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 14-DEC-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 14-DEC-15 searching for all files in the recovery area cataloging files... cataloging done List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/autobackup/2015_12_09/o1_mf_s_898014415_c6hsghgm_.bkp File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/autobackup/2015_12_09/o1_mf_s_898013812_c6hrvo18_.bkp searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/ora_bak List of Files Unknown to the Database ===================================== File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896351_C4KSF2YN_.BKP File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_11_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_33_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_8_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_9_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_12_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_6_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_14_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_7_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_13_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_10_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_32_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/backupset/2015_12_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151207T173421_c6bnnxsl_.bkp File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896118_C4KS5S1R_.BKP Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes cataloging files... cataloging done List of Cataloged Files ======================= File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_11_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_33_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_8_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_9_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_12_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_6_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_14_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_7_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_13_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_10_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_32_896812716.dbf File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/backupset/2015_12_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151207T173421_c6bnnxsl_.bkp File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged ======================================= File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896351_C4KSF2YN_.BKP RMAN-07518: Reason: Foreign database file DBID: 966107096 Database Name: RFDB File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl RMAN-07519: Reason: Error while cataloging. See alert.log. File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896118_C4KS5S1R_.BKP RMAN-07518: Reason: Foreign database file DBID: 966107096 Database Name: RFDB
i.开始restore数据文件：
RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at 14-DEC-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_system_c5fr6s3v_.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c5fr6s6d_.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c5fr6s7n_.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_users_c5fr6s88_.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp tag=TAG20151209T161546 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 Finished restore at 14-DEC-15
j.开始recover数据（在此之前，需要先拷贝redolog到控制文件默认的路径下）：
redolog默认路径：
SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log 6 rows selected.
开始recover数据库：
RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 14-DEC-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1137 device type=DISK starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 15 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 16 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 18 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 19 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 20 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 21 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 23 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 24 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 25 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 26 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 27 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 28 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 29 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 30 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 31 is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf archived log for thread 1 with sequence 32 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log archived log for thread 1 with sequence 33 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log archived log for thread 1 with sequence 34 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=15 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=16 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=17 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=18 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=19 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=20 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=21 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=22 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=23 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=24 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=25 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=26 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=27 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=28 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=29 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=30 archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf thread=1 sequence=31 archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log thread=1 sequence=32 archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log thread=1 sequence=33 archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log thread=1 sequence=34 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04 Finished recover at 14-DEC-15
k.以resetlogs打开数据库（在此之前，先删除原来的redolog，因为数据库会重新创建一组redolog）：
删除原来的redo：
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/*
以resetlogs打开数据库：
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog database opened
至此，数据库恢复全部完成！
