简介
VSFTP（也称为 VSFTPD，代表 "Very Secure FTP Daemon"）是一个用于实现 FTP 服务的开源服务器软件。FTP（文件传输协议）是一种允许在网络上进行文件上传和下载的协议。VSFTP 被设计为高度安全、高性能、且可靠的 FTP 服务器解决方案。
VSFTP 具有以下特点：
- 安全性：它提供了多种安全特性，如支持 TLS/SSL 加密，以确保 FTP 传输的安全性。
- 高性能：VSFTP 被设计为能够处理大量并发连接而不会降低性能。
- 可配置性：用户可以根据需求配置其行为，包括控制用户权限、匿名 FTP、虚拟用户等。
- 兼容性：支持各种 FTP 标准和扩展。
VSFTP 通常用于 Linux 和类 Unix 系统，是流行的 FTP 服务器选择之一，适用于设置 FTP 服务以便在网络上共享文件。
一、安装
1、安装准备
安装前先准备好安装包，有镜像源的可以是下载yum源包，因为我这边是没有镜像源的，所以是有点是rpm离线安装包。
安装包我使用的是vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64版本的rpm包，包我放在下面，需要的可自提：
http://链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1uPuZ5IO93CNXe0baYOsZtA?pwd=ksqi 提取码：ksqi
2、安装检查
检查是否安装：
rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
安装已下载的rpm：
rpm -ivh vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64.rpm
启动：
systemctl start vsftpd
设置开机自启动：
chkconfig --level 35 vsftpd on
3、创建帐户
创建用户(没有指定主目录，默认在/home创建用户名的目录作为主目录)：
useradd ftpuser
创建用户并指定主目录:
useradd -d /home/ftpuser -m ftpuser
禁止用户登录访问操作系统:
usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser
设置密码，需要复杂一点:
passwd ftpuser
4、修改PAM
有些centos7环境PAM不生效（以下选择性配置） ：
vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
注释以下内容之后再重启 vsftp：
# auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny
file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed
# auth required pam_shells.so
5、关闭SELinux
有些系统默认打开selinux，导致FTP只能连接，无法上传（以下选择性配置）：
然后重启设备生效。
二、VSFTP相关配置
1、更改 user_list
添加 ftpuser 用户到此文件中，其它删除
vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
2、 更改 ftpusers
删除 ftpuser 用户到此文件中，其它保留
vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
3、添加userconfig
mkdir /etc/vsftpd/userconfig
vi /etc/vsftpd/userconfig/ftpuser
************
# 添加以下内容，路径是独立磁盘的目录
local_root=/opt/ftpuser
************
4、更改vsftpd.conf（仅供参考，注意修改数据目录和用户名）
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable = NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable = YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable = YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask = 022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write,
allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable = YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable = YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20 = YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format = YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen = YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6 = NO
pam_service_name = vsftpd
userlist_enable = YES
tcp_wrappers = YES
chroot_local_user = YES
userlist_deny = NO
allow_writeable_chroot = YES
user_config_dir = /etc/vsftpd/userconfig
pasv_min_port = 10060
pasv_max_port = 12090
ftp_username = ftpuser
# 路径是独立磁盘的目录
local_root = /opt/ftpuser
# 连接端口（默认 21 ）
# listen_port=21
三、重启并访问
systemctl restart vsftpd
使用 FTP 客户端（ FileZilla\winSCP 等）连接，并上传文件。
四、卸载VSFTP
rpm -e vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
