部署分布式数据库——HBase
学习背景:
以下采用伪分布式方式搭建HBase
故而采用内置的Zookeeper协调处理，不再搭建外置ZooKeeper，因此会存在单点故障问题，若需要解决这个情况，可采用Zookeeper部署一个HA(高可用)的Habse集群解决。
(1) 安装JDK、Hadoop，这里采用的JDK1.8，Hadoop2.7.4，CentOS7.6
本次部署测试的ip地址设为：
192.168.6.166
运行Hadoop环境，测试是否正常通过，启动命令: start-dfs.sh
(2）下载HBase安装包。官网地址:https://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase 相关大数据框架下载整理
(3) 安装
- 3.1 上传并完成解压HBase安装包
[root@hadoop1 ~]# tar -zxvf hbase-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
(4) 准备配置文件
- 4.1 拷贝配置文件
[root@hadoop1 ~]# cp /usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.4/etc//hadoop/{hdfs-site.xml,core-site.xml} /usr/local/hbase/hbase-1.2.1/conf/
- 4.2 修改配置文件hbase-env.sh
# 加入jdk的安装路径到JAVA_HOME [root@hadoop1 ~]# vim hbase-env.sh
- 4.3 设置
HBase的环境变量
[root@hadoop1 ~]# vim /etc/profile #HBase environment variable export HBASE_HOME=/usr/local/hbase/hbase-1.2.1 export PATH=$PATH:$HBASE_HOME/bin: #更新配置文件profile生效 [root@hadoop1 ~]# source /etc/profile
# 查看hbase的版本 [root@hadoop1 ~]# hbase version
运行HBase数据库
[root@hadoop1 conf]# start-hbase.sh
运行成功后，已通过浏览器访问:http://hadoop1:16010/master-status
注意：
可以通过修改hosts来实现访问主机名进入web界面
具体路径：
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
在hosts文件内的最后一行加入:
192.168.6.166 hadoop1
HBase的基本操作
方式一：HBase的Shell操作
#启动交互界面 [root@hadoop1 ~]# hbase shell
# 创建表 hbase(main):001:0> create 'student','info' 0 row(s) in 3.1630 seconds => Hbase::Table - student # 查询表 hbase(main):002:0> list TABLE student 1 row(s) in 0.5240 seconds => ["student"]
- 插入数据
# 插入数据 hbase(main):003:0> put 'student','1001','info:name','zhangsan' 0 row(s) in 3.0910 seconds hbase(main):004:0> put 'student','1001','info:age','19' 0 row(s) in 0.1290 seconds hbase(main):005:0> put 'student','1001','info:gender','male' 0 row(s) in 0.2760 seconds hbase(main):006:0> put 'student','1002','info:name','lisi' 0 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds hbase(main):007:0> put 'student','1002','info:age','21' 0 row(s) in 0.0800 seconds hbase(main):008:0> put 'student','1002','info:gender','female' 0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds
- 扫描数据
hbase(main):009:0> scan 'student' ROW COLUMN+CELL 1001 column=info:age, timestamp=1650086163620, value=19 1001 column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086205652, value=male 1001 column=info:name, timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan 1002 column=info:age, timestamp=1650086249277, value=21 1002 column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086265874, value=female 1002 column=info:name, timestamp=1650086227559, value=lisi 2 row(s) in 0.1450 seconds
- 查看表结构
hbase(main):010:0> describe 'student' Table student is ENABLED student COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'} 1 row(s) in 0.2190 seconds
- 更新语句
hbase(main):011:0> put 'student','1002','info:age','22' 0 row(s) in 0.1000 seconds # 修改后查询验证是否修改成功 hbase(main):016:0> scan 'student' ROW COLUMN+CELL 1001 column=info:age, timestamp=1650086163620, value=19 1001 column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086205652, value=male 1001 column=info:name, timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan 1002 column=info:age, timestamp=1650086635741, value=22 1002 column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086265874, value=female 1002 column=info:name, timestamp=1650086227559, value=lisi 2 row(s) in 0.0330 seconds
- 获取指定字段的操作
hbase(main):002:0> get 'student','1001' COLUMN CELL info:age timestamp=1650086163620, value=19 info:gender timestamp=1650086205652, value=male info:name timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan 3 row(s) in 0.0420 seconds
- 删除语句
hbase(main):008:0> delete 'student','1002','info:gender' 0 row(s) in 0.0900 seconds # 删除后查询验证是否修改成功 hbase(main):009:0> scan 'student' ROW COLUMN+CELL 1001 column=info:age, timestamp=1650086163620, value=19 1001 column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086205652, value=male 1001 column=info:name, timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan 1002 column=info:age, timestamp=1650086635741, value=22 1002 column=info:name, timestamp=1650086227559, value=lisi 2 row(s) in 0.0530 seconds
方式二: 利用Java API操作HBase
- 1.创建Maven项目
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.javabs</groupId> <artifactId>JAVA_HBASE</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-common</artifactId> <version>1.2.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId> <version>1.2.6</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
- 导入坐标，并完成类的创建
- 编写代码
package cn.javabs; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.*; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; public class HBaseTest { Configuration conf = null; Connection conn = null; @Before public void init() throws IOException { // 1. 获取配置对象conf conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); // 2. 通过配置对象conf 设置hbase的入口 // conf.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://hadoop1:9000/hbase"); conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","hadoop1:2181");/*采用内置的zookeeper*/ // 3. 获取连接，利用连接工厂进行创建连接，借助配置对象conf conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf); } /** * 创建表 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void createTable() throws IOException { // 1. 通过conn获取表的管理对象 Admin admin = conn.getAdmin(); long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 2. 创建表的描述符对象，并且完成指定的表名：t_user HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("teacher".getBytes())); // 3. 创建列族、并赋值为info HColumnDescriptor hcd = new HColumnDescriptor("data"); // 将列族添加到 表描述符对象 tableDescriptor.addFamily(hcd); // 利用表管理器对象 来创建表 admin.createTable(tableDescriptor); long endime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("创建完成，结束了！" +( endime - beginTime) + "毫秒"); // 关闭资源 admin.close(); conn.close(); } /** * 指定查询 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void getData() throws IOException{ Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("student")); // 1. 创建get对象是 查询参数的对象 用于指定要查询的哪一行 Get get = new Get("1002".getBytes()); // 2. 返回查询结果的数据 Result result = table.get(get); // 3. 获取结果中所有的cell List<Cell> cellList = result.listCells(); // 4. 循环遍历 所以的cell for(Cell c : cellList){ // 5. 获取打印行健 System.out.println("行:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(c))); // 6. 获取打印列族 System.out.println("列族:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(c))); // 7. 获取打印值 System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(c))); } // 8. 关闭资源 table.close(); conn.close(); } }
