ansible 深入介绍之 主机清单与playbook

[webservers]
 
192.168.10.1[2:5]

[dbservers]
db-[a:f].example.org  #支持匹配 a~f

[webservers]
192.168.10.14 ansible_port=22 ansible_user=root ansible_password=abc1234

[webservers:vars]     #表示为 webservers 组内所有主机定义变量
ansible_user=root
ansible_password=abc1234

[all:vars]          #表示为所有组内的所有主机定义变量
ansible_port=22

[nginx]
192.168.10.20
192.168.10.21
192.168.10.22
 
[apache]
192.168.10.3[0:3]
 
[webs:children]   #表示为 webs 主机组中包含了 nginx 组和 apache 组内的所有主机
nginx
apache

---     #yaml文件以---开头，以表明这是一个yaml文件，可省略
- name: first play     #定义一个play的名称，可省略
  gather_facts: false    #设置不进行facts信息收集，这可以加快执行速度，可省略
  hosts: webservers    #指定要执行任务的被管理主机组，如多个主机组用冒号分隔
  remote_user: root    #指定被管理主机上执行任务的用户
  tasks:     #定义任务列表，任务列表中的各任务按次序逐个在hosts中指定的主机上执行
   - name: test connection    #自定义任务名称
     ping:     #使用 module: [options] 格式来定义一个任务
   - name: disable selinux
     command: '/sbin/setenforce 0'    #command模块和shell模块无需使用key=value格式
     ignore_errors: True     #如执行命令的返回值不为0，就会报错，tasks停止，可使用ignore_errors忽略失败的任务
   - name: disable firewalld
     service: name=firewalld state=stopped    #使用 module: options 格式来定义任务，option使用key=value格式
   - name: install httpd
     yum: name=httpd state=latest
   - name: install configuration file for httpd
     copy: src=/opt/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf    #这里需要一个事先准备好的/opt/httpd.conf文件
     notify: "restart httpd"    #如以上操作后为changed的状态时，会通过notify指定的名称触发对应名称的handlers操作
   - name: start httpd service
     service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
  handlers:     #handlers中定义的就是任务，此处handlers中的任务使用的是service模块
   - name: restart httpd    #notify和handlers中任务的名称必须一致
     service: name=httpd state=restarted
##Ansible在执行完某个任务之后并不会立即去执行对应的handler，而是在当前play中所有普通任务都执行完后再去执行handler，这样的好处是可以多次触发notify，但最后只执行一次对应的handler，从而避免多次重启。

---
- name: install httpd
  gather_facts: false
  hosts: zong
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: connect ceshi
      ping:
    - name: install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=latest
    - name: file
      copy: src=/opt/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: "restart httpd"
    - name: start httpd
      service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted

---
- name: second play
  hosts: zong
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    - groupname: mysql
    - username: nginx
  tasks:
    - name: create group
      group: name={{groupname}} system=yes gid=306
    - name: create user
      user: name={{username}} uid=306 group={{groupname}}
    - name: copy file
      copy: content="{{ansible_default_ipv4}}" dest=/opt/vars.txt

---
- hosts: wyq01
  remote_user: wyq
  become: yes                    #2.6版本以后的参数，之前是sudo，意思为切换用户运行
  become_user: root              #指定sudo用户为root

---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
   - name: shutdown host
     command: /sbin/shutdown -r now
     when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == "192.168.217.66"      #when指令中的变量名不>需要手动加上 {{}}
或 
     when: inventory_hostname == "<主机名>"

---
- name:
  hosts: wyq01
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - name: create directories 
      file:
        path: "{{item}}"
        state: directory
      with_items:          #等同于 loop:
        - /tmp/test1
        - /tmp/test2

---
- name: qq
  hosts: wyq01
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - name: create directories
      file:
        path: "{{item}}"
        state: touch
      with_items:          #等同于 loop:
        - /tmp/www.txt
        - /tmp/ww.txt

---
- name: qq
  hosts: wyq01
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - name: add users
      user: name={{item.name}} state=present groups={{item.groups}}
      with_items:
        - name: test1
          groups: wheel
        - name: test2
          groups: root

Listen {{http_port}}        #42行，修改
ServerName {{server name}}      #95行，修改
DocumentRoot "{{root dir}}"          #119行，修改
 <Directory "{{root_dir}}">         #124行 修改

---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  vars:
    - package: httpd
    - service: httpd
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd package
      yum: name={{package}} state=latest
    - name: install configure file
      template: src=/opt/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify:
        - restart httpd
    - name: create root dir
      copy: src=/etc/http/wyq/  dest=/etc/http/wyq/
      when: "'wyq01' in group_names"
    - name: create root dir
      copy: src=/etc/http/www/  dest=/etc/http/www/
      when: "'www02' in group_names"
    - name: start httpd server
      service: name={{service}} enabled=true state=started
  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name={{service}} state=restarted

---
- hosts: wyq01
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: Copy hosts file
      copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/opt/hosts
      tags:
        - hosts
    - name: touch file
      file: path=/opt/ccc state=touch
      tags:
        - always
 
    - name: copy hosts file
      file: path=/opt/bbb state=touch
      tags:
        - hosts

mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/ -p    #yum装完默认就有

mkdir /etc/ansible/group_vars/ -p
touch /etc/ansible/group_vars/all     #文件名自己定义，引用的时候注意

mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/mysql

mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta}
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta}

touch /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
touch /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml

vim /etc/ansible/site.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  roles:
     - httpd
- hosts: dbservers
  remote_user: root
  roles:
     - mysql

cd /etc/ansible
ansible-playbook site.yml

mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta} -p
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta} -p
mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/php/{files,templates,tasks,handlers,vars,defaults,meta} -p

touch /etc/ansible/roles/httpd/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
touch /etc/ansible/roles/mysql/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml
touch /etc/ansible/roles/php/{defaults,vars,tasks,meta,handlers}/main.yml

- name: install apache
  yum: name={{pkg}} state=latest
- name: start apache
  service: enabled=true name={{svc}} state=started

pkg: httpd
svc: httpd

- name: install mysql
  yum: name={{pkg}} state=latest
- name: start mysql
  service: enabled=true name={{svc}} state=started

pkg:
  - mariadb
  - mariadb-server
svc: mariadb

- name: install php
  yum: name={{pkg}} state=latest
- name: start php-fpm
  service: enabled=true name={{svc}} state=started

pkg:
  - php
  - php-fpm
svc: php-fpm

---
- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  roles:
   - httpd
   - mysql
   - php

 cd /etc/ansible
ansible-playbook site.yml