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mariadb简介
MariaDB是一个开源的数据库管理系统，它是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区进行维护。MariaDB的目标是提供一个高性能、可靠且易于使用的数据库解决方案，同时保持与MySQL的高度兼容性，以便能够无缝地替换MySQL。

在存储引擎方面，MariaDB使用XtraDB来代替MySQL的InnoDB，这是InnoDB的一个变体，开发者希望它能提供访问即将到来的MySQL 5.4 InnoDB性能。此外，MariaDB还基于事务的Maria存储引擎替换了MySQL的MyISAM存储引擎。

MariaDB的特点包括开源免费、高性能、兼容性和安全性。用户可以自由地使用、修改和分发MariaDB，节省了大量的许可费用，并能根据自己的需求进行定制开发。MariaDB采用了多种技术来提高查询性能，包括索引优化、缓存管理和并发控制等，使其在处理大量数据和高并发访问时表现出色。同时，由于MariaDB与MySQL的高度兼容性，用户可以方便地将现有的MySQL应用迁移到MariaDB，而无需进行大量的代码修改。在安全性方面，MariaDB提供了数据加密、访问控制和审计日志等特性，帮助用户保护敏感数据。

MariaDB适用于各种不同的场景，包括Web应用程序、大型企业应用、移动应用、电子商务网站、金融和医疗领域等。它可以在多种操作系统上运行，如Linux、Windows、macOS等，并可以与许多其他技术和应用程序集成，如PHP、Java、Python、Ruby等。

最新版本的MariaDB（如MariaDB 10.11）带来了许多新特性和改进，旨在提供更好的性能和稳定性。这些新版本通常会在发布后进行长期的维护和支持，以确保用户能够稳定地使用。

总的来说，MariaDB是一个功能强大、灵活且安全的数据库管理系统，适用于各种规模和需求的应用场景。

安装环境
Redhat 9.2

mariadb 10.6.17

安装步骤
1、配置本地yum源
[root@localhost mnt]# mount /dev/sr1 /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo
[a]
name=aa
baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[b]
name=bb
baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@localhost mnt]# yum clean all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

0 files removed
[root@localhost mnt]# yum makecache
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

aa 127 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:00
bb 87 MB/s | 1.7 MB 00:00
Metadata cache created.
2、检查是否有mariadb和MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
3、安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install -y wget bison zlib-devel libcurl-devel boost-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel make

省略。。。。。

Installed:
bison-3.7.4-5.el9.x86_64 boost-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-atomic-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-chrono-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-container-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-context-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-contract-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-coroutine-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-date-time-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-devel-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-fiber-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-filesystem-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-graph-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-iostreams-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-locale-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-log-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-math-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-nowide-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-numpy3-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-program-options-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-python3-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-random-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-regex-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-serialization-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-stacktrace-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-system-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-test-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-thread-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-timer-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 boost-type_erasure-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64
boost-wave-1.75.0-8.el9.x86_64 cmake-3.20.2-8.el9.x86_64 cmake-data-3.20.2-8.el9.noarch
cmake-filesystem-3.20.2-8.el9.x86_64 cmake-rpm-macros-3.20.2-8.el9.noarch flexiblas-3.0.4-8.el9.x86_64
flexiblas-netlib-3.0.4-8.el9.x86_64 flexiblas-openblas-openmp-3.0.4-8.el9.x86_64 gcc-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64
gcc-c++-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.34-60.el9.x86_64 glibc-headers-2.34-60.el9.x86_64
gmp-c++-1:6.2.0-10.el9.x86_64 gmp-devel-1:6.2.0-10.el9.x86_64 gnutls-c++-3.7.6-20.el9_2.x86_64
gnutls-dane-3.7.6-20.el9_2.x86_64 gnutls-devel-3.7.6-20.el9_2.x86_64 kernel-headers-5.14.0-284.11.1.el9_2.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.111-13.el9.x86_64 libcurl-devel-7.76.1-23.el9.x86_64 libevent-devel-2.1.12-6.el9.x86_64
libgfortran-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64 libicu-devel-67.1-9.el9.x86_64 libidn2-devel-2.3.0-7.el9.x86_64
libquadmath-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64 libquadmath-devel-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-11.3.1-4.3.el9.x86_64
libtasn1-devel-4.16.0-8.el9_1.x86_64 libtasn1-tools-4.16.0-8.el9_1.x86_64 libxcrypt-devel-4.4.18-3.el9.x86_64
libxml2-devel-2.9.13-3.el9_1.x86_64 m4-1.4.19-1.el9.x86_64 make-1:4.3-7.el9.x86_64
ncurses-c++-libs-6.2-8.20210508.el9.x86_64 ncurses-devel-6.2-8.20210508.el9.x86_64 nettle-devel-3.8-3.el9_0.x86_64
openblas-0.3.21-2.el9.x86_64 openblas-openmp-0.3.21-2.el9.x86_64 openssl-devel-1:3.0.7-6.el9_2.x86_64
p11-kit-devel-0.24.1-2.el9.x86_64 python3-numpy-1:1.20.1-5.el9.x86_64 unbound-libs-1.16.2-3.el9.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.5-8.el9_0.x86_64 zlib-devel-1.2.11-39.el9.x86_64

Complete!
4、下载MariaDB源码包
mariadb官网：Download MariaDB Server - MariaDB.org

[root@localhost ~]# wget -c https://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/dbms/mariadb//mariadb-10.6.17/source/mariadb-10.6.17.tar.gz
--2024-04-13 18:09:32-- https://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/dbms/mariadb//mariadb-10.6.17/source/mariadb-10.6.17.tar.gz
Resolving ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp (ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp)... 133.24.248.17, 133.24.248.16, 133.24.248.18, ...
Connecting to ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp (ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp)|133.24.248.17|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 99067793 (94M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘mariadb-10.6.17.tar.gz’

mariadb-10.6.17.tar.gz 100%[========================================================================>] 94.48M 21.0MB/s in 6.8s

2024-04-13 18:09:40 (13.9 MB/s) - ‘mariadb-10.6.17.tar.gz’ saved [99067793/99067793]

[root@localhost ~]#
5、解压源码包
创建一个目录存放解压的源码包，再解压

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir mariadb_up
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mariadb-10.6.17.tar.gz -C mariadb_up/
mariadb-10.6.17/
mariadb-10.6.17/configure.cmake
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/viotest.cc
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/test-sslclient.c
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/viosocket.c
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/viotest-ssl.c
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/docs/
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/docs/INSTALL
mariadb-10.6.17/vio/docs/COPYING.openssl
省略。。。。。
6、配置编译环境
进入解压目录，使用cmake进行配置，然后使用make编译

[root@localhost ~]# cd mariadb_up/mariadb-10.6.17/
[root@localhost mariadb-10.6.17]#
[root@localhost mariadb-10.6.17]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ //指定主配置文件目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ //指定库文件目录
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ //指定配置文件目录
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ //启用innoDB引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ //utf8编码
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci //默认字符集规则

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 11.3.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 11.3.1
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -
省略。。。。。
7、编译安装
使用make命令进行编译，然后使用make install命令进行安装

[root@localhost mariadb-10.6.17]# make && make install
[ 0%] Built target abi_check
[ 0%] Built target INFO_SRC
[ 0%] Built target INFO_BIN
[ 0%] Building C object wsrep-lib/wsrep-API/CMakeFiles/wsrep_api_v26.dir/v26/wsrep_dummy.c.o
[ 0%] Building C object wsrep-lib/wsrep-API/CMakeFiles/wsrep_api_v26.dir/v26/wsrep_gtid.c.o
[ 0%] Building C object wsrep-lib/wsrep-API/CMakeFiles/wsrep_api_v26.dir/v26/wsrep_loader.c.o
[ 0%] Building C object wsrep-lib/wsrep-API/CMakeFiles/wsrep_api_v26.dir/v26/wsrep_uuid.c.o
[ 0%] Linking C static library libwsrep_api_v26.a
[ 0%] Built target wsrep_api_v26
省略 。。。。。（耐心等待大约30分钟左右）

-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/policy/selinux/mariadb.te
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/policy/selinux/mariadb-server.fc
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/policy/selinux/mariadb.pp
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/lib/pkgconfig/mariadb.pc
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
8、初始化数据库配置
创建mysql用户、再初始化数据库

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# getent passwd mysql
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost ~]#

参数解释 --user指定用户 --basedir指定基础配置文件目录 --datadir指数据库文件存储目录

[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/usr/local/mysql/data' ...
OK

To start mariadbd at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mariadb.service to the right place for your system

Two all-privilege accounts were created.
One is root@localhost, it has no password, but you need to
be system 'root' user to connect. Use, for example, sudo mysql
The second is mysql@localhost, it has no password either, but
you need to be the system 'mysql' user to connect.
After connecting you can set the password, if you would need to be
able to connect as any of these users with a password and without sudo

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at https://mariadb.com/kb

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr/local/mysql' ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mariadbd-safe --datadir='/usr/local/mysql/data'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/local/mysql/mysql-test' ; perl mariadb-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at https://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at https://mariadb.org/.

Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/

[root@localhost mysql]#
9、把启动脚本放到开机初始化目录
安装命令包添加MySQL服务

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart //重启服务测试
Shutting down MariaDB. SUCCESS!
Starting MariaDB.240413 20:44:21 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
240413 20:44:21 mysqld_safe Starting mariadbd daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]#
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost support-files]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@localhost init.d]# ls
mysql README
[root@localhost init.d]#
[root@localhost init.d]# yum -y install chkconfig.x86_64 //安装系统启动时自动添加和配置服务
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 2:08:29 ago on Sat 13 Apr 2024 06:27:41 PM CST.

Dependencies resolved.

Package Architecture Version Repository Size

Installing:
chkconfig x86_64
省略 。。。。
Installed:
chkconfig-1.20-2.el9.x86_64

Complete!
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add mysql //添加MySQL服务
[root@localhost init.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MariaDB. SUCCESS!
Starting MariaDB.240413 21:01:00 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
240413 21:01:00 mysqld_safe Starting mariadbd daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql //进入MySQL此时不需要密码
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 10.6.17-MariaDB Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>
10、初始化MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation //初始化mysql

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n //是否切换到unix_socket身份验证
... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y //设置root密码
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y //是否移除匿名用户
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y //是否允许root远程连接
... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y //是否移除test数据库

• Dropping test database...
  ... Success!
• Removing privileges on test database...
  ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y //是否刷新权限表
... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 10.6.17-MariaDB Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 10.6.17-MariaDB Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> exirt
Bye
源码包编译mariadb就到此结束啦！！！

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