openstack cinder、swift运维命令

简介: Cinder是OpenStack的块存储服务,提供虚拟机块设备功能,包括卷的创建、挂载等。它由cinder-api、cinder-scheduler和cinder-volume三个组件构成,前者处理请求,中间者负责调度,后者执行卷管理。Swift是OpenStack的分布式对象存储服务,高可用、持久性,适用于大文件存储。Swift架构对称,无单点故障,提供类似文件系统的简单逻辑和高效读写。Cinder关注虚拟机层面的块存储,而Swift则提供对象存储服务。命令示例展示了如何使用cinder和openstack命令操作云硬盘和Swift容器。

Cinder是OpenStack环境中的块存储服务,主要为运行在OpenStack之上的虚拟机提供块存储服务。这种块存储类似于我们日常生活中使用的硬盘、U盘、SD卡等块设备。对于Cinder来说,它主要由三个组件组成:cinder-api、cinder-scheduler和cinder-volume。其中,cinder-api和cinder-scheduler通常部署在控制节点,而cinder-volume则通常部署在存储节点。Cinder-volume的主要作用是通过接收OpenStack控制节点上cinder-scheduler发送过来的请求,进行卷管理。而cinder-api的主要作用是接收请求,并将请求放到对应的消息队列中。cinder-scheduler则负责调度后面的cinder-volume来完成卷的管理。

Swift是OpenStack云存储服务的重要组件,提供了高可用、分布式、持久性、大文件的对象存储服务。它利用便宜的X86硬件存储设备,提供安全、高可靠的存储服务。Swift的架构非常对称,每个节点的功能和作用相同,不会因为单点故障带来系统的不稳定性。此外,每个节点地位相同,没有一个角色是单点的,对元数据及对象文件的存储处理方式也一样。这种架构使得Swift具有很高的可靠性。

Cinder主要是为虚拟机提供块级的持久化卷,通过Cinder可以实现卷的创建、挂载、快照等功能。简而言之,Cinder是在虚拟机层面提供的存储解决方案。而Swift则是OpenStack提供的一种分布式、持续虚拟对象存储服务,它自身维持空间并对外提供对象存储服务。与Cinder相比,Swift更接近于传统的文件系统(如ext3/4),但相比之下逻辑更简单,具有更高的读写效率。因此,Swift与Cinder是两个不同的层次概念。Cinder是在虚拟机层面提供基础硬盘,而Swift则是在这个硬盘上实现的一种“文件系统”。

cinder运维命令
创建云硬盘

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder create  --name  cinder 20
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property                       | Value                                |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments                    | []                                   |
| availability_zone              | nova                                 |
| bootable                       | false                                |
| consistencygroup_id            | None                                 |
| created_at                     | 2024-03-22T08:21:32.000000           |
| description                    | None                                 |
| encrypted                      | False                                |
| group_id                       | None                                 |
| id                             | fc109dee-9cc7-4e1a-9316-6279f48436f5 |
| metadata                       | {}                                   |
| migration_status               | None                                 |
| multiattach                    | False                                |
| name                           | cinder                               |
| os-vol-host-attr:host          | None                                 |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None                                 |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None                                 |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id   | 009a94428fb84a0db16aa4a1adab9a35     |
| provider_id                    | None                                 |
| replication_status             | None                                 |
| service_uuid                   | None                                 |
| shared_targets                 | True                                 |
| size                           | 20                                   |
| snapshot_id                    | None                                 |
| source_volid                   | None                                 |
| status                         | creating                             |
| updated_at                     | None                                 |
| user_id                        | 8dbf97f777ee4846878acb44e55f6cdf     |
| volume_type                    | iscsi                                |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

查看创建的云硬盘信息

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Status    | Name   | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| fc109dee-9cc7-4e1a-9316-6279f48436f5 | available | cinder | 20   | iscsi       | false    |             |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

创建云硬盘类型

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder type-create lvm
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| ID                                   | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| 0c643c13-6f0a-43bb-bee2-519ab6a4f181 | lvm  | -           | True      |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

查看卷类型列表

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder type-list 
+--------------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------+
| ID                                   | Name        | Description         | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------+
| 0c643c13-6f0a-43bb-bee2-519ab6a4f181 | lvm         | -                   | True      |
| 1f7148df-1d56-4b2e-bfb1-ee08df29b4bf | __DEFAULT__ | Default Volume Type | True      |
| a1cca1ec-48ee-4530-9856-80c80e3e5114 | iscsi       | -                   | True      |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

创建一个带有标识的云硬盘

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder  create  --name testmy  --volume-type lvm  20
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property                       | Value                                |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments                    | []                                   |
| availability_zone              | nova                                 |
| bootable                       | false                                |
| consistencygroup_id            | None                                 |
| created_at                     | 2024-03-22T08:25:29.000000           |
| description                    | None                                 |
| encrypted                      | False                                |
| group_id                       | None                                 |
| id                             | 18df385b-da2c-41cf-b934-f627595d28f1 |
| metadata                       | {}                                   |
| migration_status               | None                                 |
| multiattach                    | False                                |
| name                           | testmy                               |
| os-vol-host-attr:host          | None                                 |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None                                 |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None                                 |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id   | 009a94428fb84a0db16aa4a1adab9a35     |
| provider_id                    | None                                 |
| replication_status             | None                                 |
| service_uuid                   | None                                 |
| shared_targets                 | True                                 |
| size                           | 20                                   |
| snapshot_id                    | None                                 |
| source_volid                   | None                                 |
| status                         | creating                             |
| updated_at                     | None                                 |
| user_id                        | 8dbf97f777ee4846878acb44e55f6cdf     |
| volume_type                    | lvm                                  |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Status    | Name   | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| 18df385b-da2c-41cf-b934-f627595d28f1 | available | testmy | 20   | lvm         | false    |             |
| fc109dee-9cc7-4e1a-9316-6279f48436f5 | available | cinder | 20   | iscsi       | false    |             |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

删除云硬盘

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder delete  cinder 
Request to delete volume cinder has been accepted.
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Status    | Name   | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| 18df385b-da2c-41cf-b934-f627595d28f1 | available | testmy | 20   | lvm         | false    |             |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

用openstack 执行查看云硬盘列表

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack volume list
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status    | Size | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
| 18df385b-da2c-41cf-b934-f627595d28f1 | testmy | available |   20 |             |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

用openstack 执行创建云硬盘

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack volume create my123  --size 20
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                                |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments         | []                                   |
| availability_zone   | nova                                 |
| bootable            | false                                |
| consistencygroup_id | None                                 |
| created_at          | 2024-03-22T08:30:46.000000           |
| description         | None                                 |
| encrypted           | False                                |
| id                  | f312732e-db3c-4bbe-902d-0bdb4ffae12b |
| migration_status    | None                                 |
| multiattach         | False                                |
| name                | my123                                |
| properties          |                                      |
| replication_status  | None                                 |
| size                | 20                                   |
| snapshot_id         | None                                 |
| source_volid        | None                                 |
| status              | creating                             |
| type                | iscsi                                |
| updated_at          | None                                 |
| user_id             | 8dbf97f777ee4846878acb44e55f6cdf     |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack volume list
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status    | Size | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
| f312732e-db3c-4bbe-902d-0bdb4ffae12b | my123  | available |   20 |             |
| 18df385b-da2c-41cf-b934-f627595d28f1 | testmy | available |   20 |             |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

删除云硬盘

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack volume delete my123
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack volume list
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status    | Size | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
| 18df385b-da2c-41cf-b934-f627595d28f1 | testmy | available |   20 |             |
+--------------------------------------+--------+-----------+------+-------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

swift运维命令
创建容器

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift post test
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift list
test
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

上传文件至容器中

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# mkdir  file
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  CentOS7.2.qcow2  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  file  keystonerc_admin  keystonerc_demo  Music  original-ks.cfg  packstack-answers-20240318-231803.txt  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]

1.创建两个文件

[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# touch  abc.txt
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
abc.txt
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# touch  123.txt
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
123.txt  abc.txt
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# cd

2.将文件上传到容器中

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift upload test file/
file/123.txt
file/abc.txt

从容器中下载文件
1.删除本地文件

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cd file/
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
123.txt  abc.txt
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# rm -rf 123.txt abc.txt 
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]#

2.从容器下载文件
错误示范

[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# swift download test file/123.txt abc.txt
Object 'test/abc.txt' not foundfile/123.txt [auth 0.451s, headers 0.827s, total 0.827s, 0.000 MB/s] 
    //由于我已经在该file目录下,找不到file文件所以新建了新的file目录
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# swift download test file/123.txt ab^C
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# 
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# 
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
file
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# cd file/
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
123.txt

回到根下就没问题

[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]#cd
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift download test  file/abc.txt
file/abc.txt [auth 0.380s, headers 0.708s, total 0.709s, 0.000 MB/s]
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# cd file/
[root@localhost file(keystone_admin)]# ls
abc.txt  file

查询容器的详细信息

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift list test
file/123.txt
file/abc.txt
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

查询容器状态


[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift stat
                        Account: AUTH_009a94428fb84a0db16aa4a1adab9a35
                     Containers: 1
                        Objects: 2
                          Bytes: 0
Containers in policy "policy-0": 1
   Objects in policy "policy-0": 2
     Bytes in policy "policy-0": 0
    X-Account-Project-Domain-Id: default
         X-Openstack-Request-Id: tx9ec33c67654f4baf8ee53-0065fd4741
                    X-Timestamp: 1711096408.84856
                     X-Trans-Id: tx9ec33c67654f4baf8ee53-0065fd4741
                   Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
                  Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

从容器中删除文件


[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift delete test file/123.txt
file/123.txt
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift delete test file/abc.txt
file/abc.txt
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift list test
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

删除创建的容器

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift delete test 
test
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift list
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

openstack 命令执行创建容器、删除容器

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack container create my
+---------------------------------------+-----------+------------------------------------+
| account                               | container | x-trans-id                         |
+---------------------------------------+-----------+------------------------------------+
| AUTH_009a94428fb84a0db16aa4a1adab9a35 | my        | tx21cb60c481944b8b996af-0065fd4912 |
+---------------------------------------+-----------+------------------------------------+
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# swift list
my
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# 
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack container delete  my  //删除
[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack container list  

[root@localhost ~(keystone_admin)]#

以上就是基础命令啦!

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