引入依赖
创建 IDEA 的 Maven 项目，修改 pom.xml，添加以下依赖内容：涉及到 Spring、SpringMVC、Servlet、MyBatis、AOP、日志等。
<dependencies> <!-- 引入 Spring 相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.3.15</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入 Servlet 相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 引入 Spring Mybatis 整合 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> </dependency> <!--引入 Mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.4.6</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入 MySQL --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.48</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入数据源 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.2.8</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入 AOP 相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.8.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.3</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 引入日志相关 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <!-- 引入 YML --> <dependency> <groupId>org.yaml</groupId> <artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId> <version>1.23</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.logback-extensions</groupId> <artifactId>logback-ext-spring</artifactId> <version>0.1.4</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
SpringMVC 配置文件
SpringMVC 的配置文件就是 Spring 的配置文件。两者是同一个东西。
src\main\resources\spring\spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 配置注解扫描路径 --> <context:component-scan base-package="world.xuewei"/> <!-- 引入 Spring MVC 核心功能 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> </beans>
Web 配置文件
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!-- 引入 DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!-- 指定 Spring MVC 配置文件位置 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 设置此 Servlet 在 Tomcat 启动的时候创建 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
DispatcherServlet 称为前端控制器（中央控制器）,用于创建 Spring 的工厂和控制 SpringMVC 内部的运行流程。因为 DispatcherServlet 只能读取 XML 配置，所以现阶段无法进行纯注解编程。
控制器开发
开发一个 JSP 页面用于页面跳转。
src/main/webapp/hello.jsp
<html> <body> <h2>My First Controller</h2> </body> </html>
开发第一个控制器，访问 /hello 时将跳转到上面创建的 JSP 页面。
world.xuewei.controller.HelloController
package world.xuewei.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * 第一个控制器 * * @author 薛伟 * @since 2023/10/30 16:18 */ @Controller public class HelloController { /** * 第一个请求 * * @param request 请求类对象，可用于获取请求参数 * @param response 响应对象，可用于响应结果 * @return 调整页面的名称 */ @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("Hello World"); return "/hello.jsp"; } }
