一、开发背景
公司需要开发一个大屏界面,大屏页面的数据是实时更新的,由后端主动实时推送数据给大屏页面。此时会立刻联想到:websocket 技术。当然使用websocket,确实可以解决这个场景。但是今天本文的主角是 :SSE,他和websocket略有不同,SSE只能由服务端主动发消息,而websocket前后端都可以推送消息。
二、快速了解SSE
1、概念
SSE全称 Server Sent Event,顾名思义,就是服务器发送事件,所以也就注定了他 只能由服务端发送信息。
2、特性
- 主动从服务端推送消息的技术
- 本质是一个HTTP的长连接
- 发送的是一个stream流,格式为text/event-stream
三、开发思路
要实现后端的实时推送消息,前台实时更新数据,思路如下:
- 1、前后端需要建立连接
- 2、后端如何做到实时推送信息呢?可以采用定时调度
四、代码演示
1、引入依赖
原则上是不需要引入的,因为springboot底层已经整合了SSE
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
2、服务端代码
controller层
@RestController @CrossOrigin @RequestMapping("/sse") public class SseEmitterController extends BaseController { @Autowired private SseEmitterService sseEmitterService; /** * 创建SSE连接 * * @return */ @GetMapping("/connect/{type}") public SseEmitter connect(@PathVariable("type") String type) { return sseEmitterService.connect(type); } }
service层
public interface SseEmitterService { SseEmitter connect(String type); void volumeOverview(); void sysOperation(); void monitor(); ........ }
service实现层
@Service public class SseEmitterServiceImpl implements SseEmitterService { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); private static Map<String, SseEmitterUTF8> sseCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); /** * 创建连接sse * @param type * @return */ @Override public SseEmitter connect(String type) { final String clientId = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); SseEmitterUTF8 sseEmitter = new SseEmitterUTF8(0L); try { sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("创建连接成功 !!!")); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("创建连接失败 , {} " , e.getMessage()); } sseEmitter.onCompletion(() -> { logger.info("connect onCompletion , {} 结束连接 ..." , clientId); removeClient(clientId); }); sseEmitter.onTimeout(() -> { logger.info("connect onTimeout , {} 连接超时 ..." , clientId); removeClient(clientId); }); sseEmitter.onError((throwable) -> { logger.error("connect onError , {} 连接异常 ..." , clientId); removeClient(clientId); }); sseCache.put(clientId, sseEmitter); //立即推送 volumeOverview(); dealResp(); monitor(); if (type.equals(SseEmitterConstant.OVER_VIEW)){ sysOperation(); mileStone(); } logger.info("当前用户总连接数 : {} " , sseCache.size()); return sseEmitter; } /** * 交易量概览 */ @Override public void volumeOverview() { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("latest_tps",440.3); map.put("total_cics_trans",341656001); map.put("total_zjcx_trans",391656001); map.put("zjcx_tps",23657); map.put("day10",48388352); map.put("history",105013985); SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data = SseEmitter.event().name(SseEmitterConstant.VOLUME_OVERVIEW).data(map, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); for (Map.Entry<String, SseEmitterUTF8> entry : sseCache.entrySet()) { SseEmitterUTF8 sseEmitter = entry.getValue(); if (sseEmitter == null) { continue; } try { sseEmitter.send(data); } catch (IOException e) { String body = "SseEmitterServiceImpl[volumeOverview ]"; logger.error(body + ": 向客户端 {} 推送消息失败 , 尝试进行重推 : {}", entry.getKey() ,e.getMessage()); messageRepush(entry.getKey(),data,body); } } } private void messageRepush(String type, SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data,String body){ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(2000); SseEmitterUTF8 sseEmitter = sseCache.get(type); if (sseEmitter == null) { logger.error(body + " :向客户端{} 第{}次消息重推失败,未创建长链接", type, i + 1); continue; } sseEmitter.send(data); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.error(body + " :向客户端{} 第{}次消息重推失败", type, i + 1, ex); continue; } logger.info(body + " :向客户端{} 第{}次消息重推成功", type, i + 1); return; } }
常量类
public class SseEmitterConstant { /** * 创建连接的客户端类型 */ public static final String OVER_VIEW = "overview"; /** * even 数据类型 */ public static final String VOLUME_OVERVIEW = "vw"; public SseEmitterConstant(){} }
3、后端定时任务代码
采用注解的方式实现:@Scheduled,使用该注解时,需要增加这个注解@EnableScheduling,相当于来开启定时调度功能,如果不加@EnableScheduling注解,那么定时调度会不生效的。
启动类增加注解@EnableScheduling
package com.hidata; import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling; @SpringBootApplication(exclude = { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class }) @EnableScheduling public class HidataApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HidataApplication.class, args); System.out.println("[HiUrlShorter platform startup!]"); } }
创建 定时任务调度类,在该类上加上@Scheduled注解,
@Configuration public class SendMessageTask{ private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Autowired private SseEmitterService sseEmitterService; @Scheduled(cron = "0/40 * * * * ?}") public void volumeOverviewTask() { try { sseEmitterService.volumeOverview(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("SendMessageTask [volumeOverviewTask]: {} ",e.getMessage()); } } ....... }
4、解决乱码的实体类
如果发送中文数据的时候,会出现乱码的现象。此时需要做对应的处理
package com.hidata.devops.lagrescreen.domain; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class SseEmitterUTF8 extends SseEmitter { public SseEmitterUTF8(Long timeout) { super(timeout); } @Override protected void extendResponse(ServerHttpResponse outputMessage) { super.extendResponse(outputMessage); HttpHeaders headers = outputMessage.getHeaders(); headers.setContentType(new MediaType(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); } }
4、前端代码
// 连接服务器 var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect"); // 连接打开 sseSource.onopen = function () { console.log("连接打开"); } // 连接错误 sseSource.onerror = function (err) { console.log("连接错误:", err); } //接收信息 eventSource.addEventListener("vw", function (event) { console.log(event.data); ..... });
五、核心代码分析
先看代码片段
SseEmitter.event().name("vw").data(map, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
分析:
后端不会把所有数据一起发送给前端,而是会把页面分成多个模块,然后发给前端,此时前端需要区分哪一块数据对应哪一块页面。所以我们可以给各个模块的数据起个名字。也就是上述的代码
SseEmitter.event().name("vw")
这样,前端就知道怎么渲染页面了,类似于这样
关于even()的属性,可以查看源码,
public interface SseEventBuilder { SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder id(String var1); SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder name(String var1); SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder reconnectTime(long var1); SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder comment(String var1); SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data(Object var1); SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data(Object var1, @Nullable MediaType var2); Set<DataWithMediaType> build(); }