之前分享了《Linux环境root用户安装 mysql-5.7.28》，很多时候我们部署的应用或者数据库的服务器是客户方的，我们可能没有root权限，所有这里分享一下非root权限如何安装MySQL数据库：
mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1DmavSo3kCKOPZtmd-FE8mw
提取码：0v5l
一、安装
（首先也要检查一下环境，这里不再赘述）这里使用的是【非root用户】admin用户来安装：
1.上传并解压
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.28 cd mysql-5.7.28
2.新增配置文件my.cnf
配置文件内容大家一看便知，内容如下：
vi my.cnf [mysqld] port=3306 basedir=/data/mysql-5.7.28 datadir=/data/mysql-5.7.28/data pid-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/mysql.pid #socket=/data/mysql-5.7.28/mysql.sock log_error=/data/mysql-5.7.28/logs/error.log server-id=100 max_connections=200 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_names=1 max_allowed_packet=64M skip-name-resolve sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE" # binlog log-bin = /data/mysql-5.7.28/logs/mysql-bin.log expire-logs-days = 14 max-binlog-size= 500M server-id = 1
3.安装
这里是不同于root用户安装MySQL的地方，我们没有创建MySQL用户组和用户，使用的是admin用户下的bin/mysqld命令和我们自己编写的my.cnf文件初始化数据库：
cd /data/mysql-5.7.28 # 这几个文件夹要创建 mkdir binlog data scripts logs # 使用my.cnf来初始化数据库 初始化的用户名是admin【这个用户就是当前非root用户】 bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/my.cnf --initialize --user=admin --basedir=/data/mysql-5.7.28 --datadir=/data/mysql-5.7.28/data
4.启动
bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/my.cnf --user=admin &
5.获取密码
克隆会话打开另一个窗口，进入admin用户的mysql目录：
cd /data/mysql-5.7.28 cat logs/error.log | grep root@localhost 2021-07-15T09:04:55.479616Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +oUisNmwk6:e
6.登陆
输入从error.log拿到的密码： +oUisNmwk6:e
bin/mysql -u root -p # 这里输入
7.修改密码
set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456'); grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456'; flush privileges; quit;
以下是mysql8.0以后：
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'; flush privileges;
8.关闭数据库
ps -ef |grep mysql # 这里kill掉相应的进程
9.添加防火墙端口
生产环境的防火墙还是很有用的：
sudo /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables restart sudo /etc/init.d/iptables status
10.添加普通用户
特别注意： 以下操作需要在服务器上执行，否则赋权无效：
CREATE USER 'customUser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'customUser'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'customUser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'customUser' WITH GRANT OPTION; flush privileges; quit;
11.设置开机启动
vim scripts/is_start_status_mysql.sh # 内容如下： #!/bin/bash # # Author: Created by lww # filename: /data/mysql/scripts/is_start_status_mysql.sh # Date: 2019-05-14 # Description: This script is used to start mysql server. # Version:1.1 # ##################################################################################### is_start_status=`ps -ef|grep -Ew 'mysqld|mysqld_safe' | grep -vw 'grep' | wc -l` if [[ "$is_start_status" -ne 2 ]]; then sleep 10 /data/mysql-5.7.28/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql-5.7.28/my.cnf & fi
vim /etc/rc.local # 内容如下： #!/bin/sh # # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts. # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff. touch /var/lock/subsys/local /usr/bin/nohup /usr/bin/iostat -dxkt 1 > /tmp/iostat_output 2>/dev/null & ulimit -SHn 65535 #auto start mysql su - admin -c /data/mysql-5.7.28/scripts/is_start_status_mysql.sh
二、问题汇总
文件权限问题：
- mysqld_safe error: log-error set to ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log’, however file don’t exists. Create writable for user ‘mysql’.
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can’t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid’ (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
# mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'. # 解决 mkdir /var/log/mariadb touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/ # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory) # 文件权限问题，一样的问题，没有创建该目录和权限 mkdir /var/run/mariadb/ chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mariadb/
其他问题：
3. SSL error: Unable to get private key from ‘server-key.pem’
4. Can’t start server: Bind on TCP/IP port: Address already in use
# [ERROR] SSL error: Unable to get private key from 'server-key.pem' # 解决 find / -name server-key.pem chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ # [ERROR] Can't start server: Bind on TCP/IP port: Address already in use # 解决 关闭占用的端口即可 netstat -nat |grep ":port"
