整理了一些 Docker 常用的基础命令。
搜索镜像
使用 search 命令可以搜索存放在 docker hub 上的镜像。
命令格式如下：
% docker search --help Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM Search the Docker Hub for images Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output
例如：
% docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10712 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4029 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 785 [OK] percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 529 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 87 mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 80 centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK] bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 50 [OK]
下载镜像
使用 docker pull 可以从 docker registry（ docker 注册中心）中下载镜像。
命令格式如下：
% docker pull --help Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST] Pull an image or a repository from a registry Options: -a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable -q, --quiet Suppress verbose output
例如：
% docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx a076a628af6f: Already exists 0732ab25fa22: Pull complete d7f36f6fe38f: Pull complete f72584a26f32: Pull complete 7125e4df9063: Pull complete Digest: sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest
列出镜像
使用 docker images 可以查看已经下载到本地的镜像。
命令如下：
% docker images --help Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] List images Options: -a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) --digests Show digests -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print images using a Go template --no-trunc Don't truncate output -q, --quiet Only show image IDs
例如：
docker images -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest c8562eaf9d81 2 months ago 546MB redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB
删除本地的镜像
使用 docker rmi 命令即可删除本地镜像。
% docker rmi --help Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images Options: -f, --force Force removal of the image --no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
例如：
% docker rmi nginx Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa Deleted: sha256:f6d0b4767a6c466c178bf718f99bea0d3742b26679081e52dbf8e0c7c4c42d74 Deleted: sha256:4dfe71c4470c5920135f00af483556b09911b72547113512d36dc29bfc5f7445 Deleted: sha256:3c90a0917c79b758d74b7040f62d17a7680cd14077f734330b1994a2985283b8 Deleted: sha256:a1c538085c6f891424160d8db120ea093d4dda393e94cd4713e3fff3c82299b5 Deleted: sha256:a3ee2510dcf02c980d7aff635909612006fd1662084d6225e52e769b984abeb5 % docker images --all REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest c8562eaf9d81 2 months ago 546MB redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
创建并运行容器
使用 docker run 命令可以创建并运行一个容器。
% docker run --name nginx-test -p 8088:80 -d nginx e9e3294f533923438a1bae551b2013d90916488f9e0cc0953282a593d06bf03b
--name：给容器命名
-p：进行端口映射 8088 为映射后的物理机的端口号，80 为 docker 容器的端口
-d：是后台容器
用浏览器访问本地的 8088 端口，可以看到 nginx 的默认页。
查看容器
可以通过 docker ps 查看运行中的容器。
命令如下：
% docker ps --help Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS] List containers Options: -a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running) -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template -n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1) -l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states) --no-trunc Don't truncate output -q, --quiet Only display container IDs -s, --size Display total file sizes
例如：
% docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test
停止容器
可以使用 docker stop 来停止运行中的容器。
命令如下：
% docker stop --help Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Stop one or more running containers Options: -t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)
命令如下：
% docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 8 minutes ago Up 35 seconds 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test % docker stop e9e3294f5339 e9e3294f5339 % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
强制停止docker容器
使用 docker kill 来停止 docker 的容器。
命令如下：
% docker kill --help Usage: docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Kill one or more running containers Options: -s, --signal string Signal to send to the container (default "KILL")
例如：
% docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 11 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test % docker kill e9e3294f5339 e9e3294f5339 % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
启动停止的容器
可以使用 docker start 来启动被 stop 或 kill 的容器。
% docker start --help Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Start one or more stopped containers Options: -a, --attach Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals --detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container -i, --interactive Attach container's STDIN
例如：
% docker start e9e3294f5339 e9e3294f5339 % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 14 minutes ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test
重启容器
可以使用 docker restart 来完成 docker stop 和 docker start 两个命令的工作
命令如下：
% docker restart --help Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Restart one or more containers Options: -t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10)
例如：
% docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 16 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test % docker restart e9e3294f5339 e9e3294f5339 % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test
是否进行了重启，可以查看status字段。
进入容器
可以使用 docker exec 进入容器进行管理。
命令如下：
% docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 38 minutes ago Up 14 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test % docker exec -it e9e3294f5339 /bin/bash root@e9e3294f5339:/# uname -r 4.19.121-linuxkit
删除容器
可以使用 docker rm 来删除容器。
命令如下：
% docker rm --help Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Remove one or more containers Options: -f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL) -l, --link Remove the specified link -v, --volumes Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container
例如：
% docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9e3294f5339 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 56 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp nginx-test % docker stop e9e3294f5339 e9e3294f5339 % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES % docker ps -all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5669d0d7c177 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 days ago Exited (0) 5 days ago mysql-new
总结
上面的命令，基本上就把常用的对于镜像和容器的命令进行了整理。希望对你有帮助。
