C++类与对象 - 2(构造函数和析构函数)(超详细)

class Date
{
public:
  void Init(int year, int month, int day)
  {
    _year = year;
    _month = month;
    _day = day;
  }
  void Print()
  {
     cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
  }
private:
  int _year;
  int _month;
  int _day;
};
int main()
{
  Date d1;
  d1.Init(2022, 7, 5);
  d1.Print();
  Date d2;
  d2.Init(2022, 7, 6);
  d2.Print();
  return 0;
}

class Date
{
public:
    // 1.无参构造函数
    Date()
    {}
    // 2.带参构造函数
    Date(int year, int month, int day)
    {
        _year = year;
        _month = month;
        _day = day;
    }
    // 3.带缺省值的构造函数
    Date(int year=2023, int month=1, int day=1)
    {
        _year = year;
        _month = month;
        _day = day;
    }
private:
    int _year;
    int _month;
    int _day;
};
void TestDate()
{
    Date d1; // 调用无参构造函数
    Date d2(2015, 1, 1); // 调用带参的构造函数
    // 注意：如果通过无参构造函数创建对象时，对象后面不用跟括号，否则就成了函数声明
    Date d3();
}

class Date
{
public:
    // 如果用户显式定义了构造函数，编译器将不再生成
    /*Date(int year, int month, int day)
    {
    _year = year;
    _month = month;
    _day = day;
    }*/
    void Print()
    {
        cout << _year << "/" << _month << "/" << _day << endl;
    }
private:
    int _year;
    int _month;
    int _day;
};
int main()
{
    Date d;
    d.Print();
  return 0;
}

class Date
{
public:
    void Print()
    {
        cout << _year << "/" << _month << "/" << _day << endl;
    }
    // 如果用户显式定义了构造函数，编译器将不再生成
    Date(int year, int month, int day)
    {
    _year = year;
    _month = month;
    _day = day;
    }
private:
    int _year;
    int _month;
    int _day;
};
int main()
{
    Date d;//此时这里会报错
    d.Print();
  return 0;
}

class Time
{
public:
    Time()
    {
        cout << "Time()" << endl;
        _hour = 0;
        _minute = 0;
        _second = 0;
    }
private:
    int _hour;
    int _minute;
    int _second;
};
class Date
{
private:
    // 基本类型(内置类型)
    int _year;
    int _month;
    int _day;
    // 自定义类型
    Time _t;
};
int main()
{
    Date d;
    return 0;
}

class Time
{
public:
  Time()
  {
    cout << "Time()" << endl;
    _hour = 0;
    _minute = 0;
    _second = 0;
  }
private:
  int _hour;
  int _minute;
  int _second;
};
class Date
{
private:
  // 基本类型(内置类型)【内置类型成员变量在类中声明时可以给默认值】
  int _year = 1970;
  int _month = 1;
  int _day = 1;
  // 自定义类型
  Time _t;
};
int main()
{
  Date d;
  return 0;
}

class Date
{
public:
  Date()
  {
    _year = 1900;
    _month = 1;
    _day = 1;
  }
  Date(int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1)
  {
    _year = year;
    _month = month;
    _day = day;
  }
private:
  int _year;
  int _month;
  int _day;
};
// 以下测试函数能通过编译吗？
void Test()
{
  Date d1;
}

typedef int DataType;
class Stack
{
public:
  Stack(size_t capacity = 3)
  {
    cout << "Stack()" << endl;
    _array = (DataType*)malloc(sizeof(DataType) * capacity);
    if (NULL == _array)
    {
      perror("malloc申请空间失败!!!");
      return;
    }
    _capacity = capacity;
    _size = 0;
  }
  void Push(DataType data)
  {
    // CheckCapacity();
    _array[_size] = data;
    _size++;
  }
  // 其他方法...
  ~Stack()
  {
    cout << "~Stack()" << endl;
    if (_array)
    {
      free(_array);
      _array = NULL;
      _capacity = 0;
      _size = 0;
    }
  }
private:
  DataType* _array;
  int _capacity;
  int _size;
};
void TestStack()
{
  Stack s;
  s.Push(1);
  s.Push(2);
}
int main()
{
  TestStack();
}

class Time
{
public:
  ~Time()
  {
    cout << "~Time()" << endl;
  }
private:
  int _hour;
  int _minute;
  int _second;
};
class Date
{
private:
  // 基本类型(内置类型)
  int _year = 1970;
  int _month = 1;
  int _day = 1;
  // 自定义类型
  Time _t;
};
int main()
{
  Date d;
  return 0;