ansible playbook:剧本
由一个或多个模块组成，完成统一的目的，实现自动化操作
剧本编写遵循yaml语法
yaml的三要素：***
缩进：两个字符，默认的tab键是四个字符，所以要使用tab键，需要修改.vimrc
vim /root/.vimrc
添加：
set tabstop=2
保存退出
冒号：冒号后面需要空格，除非以冒号结尾
短横杠：列表项，后面跟空格
playbook语法结构
ansible-playbook 选项 文件路径
选项：
-C 模拟预运行
--list-hosts:列出清单
--list-tasks:列出任务
--list-tags:列出标签
--syntax-check:语法检查
测试案例：通过playbook安装httpd,并修改端口号为8080
前提：安装httpd，复制httpd.conf到当前目录，修改端口为8080
vim httpd.yaml
添加：
- hosts: web tasks: - name: install httpd yum: name=httpd state=latest - name: httpd config copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf notify: restart httpd - name: start httpd service: name=httpd state=started handlers: - name: restart httpd service: name=httpd state=restarted 保存退出 测试yaml: ansible-playbook -C httpd.yaml 执行yaml：ansible-playbook httpd.yaml
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playbook配置web--nfs--rsync架构环境
全局环境：修改各主机名：ansible、web、nfs、rsync
1.服务器配置
前提：
ifdown ens33;ifup ens33
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.8.10 ansible
192.168.8.20 web
192.168.8.30 nfs
192.168.8.40 rsync
保存退出
（1）安装ansible
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install ansible
（2）ssh公钥
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id root@web #web服务器
ssh-copy-id root@nfs #nfs服务器
ssh-copy-id root@rsync #rsync服务器
（3）复制/etc/hosts到被管理端
scp /etc/hosts root@web:/etc/
scp /etc/hosts root@nfs:/etc/
scp /etc/hosts root@rsync:/etc/
（4）创建ansible目录
mkdir -p /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{conf,file,scripts,tools}
（5）创建ansible清单
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
添加：
[web]
192.168.8.20
[nfs]
192.168.8.30
[rsync]
192.168.8.40
保存退出
（6）使用ansible copy 复制/etc/hosts到所有主机
ansible all -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc"
2.基础环境部署
（1）网络环境（关闭firewall selinux）
（2）epel仓库
（3）安装rsync，nfs-utils
（4）创建组
（5）创建用户
（6）创建目录，并修改权限
（7）推送脚本
（8）推送rsync客户端密码文件，修改权限
（9）计划任务
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/base.yaml
添加：
- hosts: all tasks: - name: stop firewalld shell: systemctl stop firewalld - name: stop selinux shell: setenforce 0 - name: clear repos.d file: path=/etc/yum.repos.d/ state=absent - name: create repos.d file: path=/etc/yum.repos.d/ state=directory - name: install base repo get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo - name: install epel repo get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo - name: install rsync nfs-utils yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed - name: create group www group: name=www gid=666 - name: create user www user: name=www uid=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin - name: create rsync client password copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600 - name: create scripts directory file: path=/server/scripts/ recurse=yes state=directory - name: push scripts copy: src=./scripts/rsync_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts - name: crontab cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/usr/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup.sh &> /dev/null" 保存退出
3.rsync配置
（1）安装rsync
（2）配置
（3）启动
（4）脚本
（5）计划任务
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/rsync.yaml
添加：
- hosts: rsync tasks: - name: install rsync yum: name=rsync state=installed - name: config rsync copy: src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf notify: restart rsync - name: create rsync local user copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600 - name: create data file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: create backup file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: start rsync service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes - name: push check scripts copy: src=./scripts/rsync_check.sh dest=/server/scripts - name: crond check scripts cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/usr/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check.sh &> /dev/null" handlers: - name: restart rsync service: name=rsyncd state=restarted
保存退出
4.nfs部署
（1）安装nfs-utils
（2）配置
（3）启动
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/nfs.yaml
添加：
- hosts: nfs tasks: - name: install nfs yum: name=nfs-utils,rpcbind state=installed - name: config nfs copy: src=./conf/exports dest=/etc/exports notify: restart nfs - name: create data file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: start nfs service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes handlers: - name: restart nfs service: name=nfs-server state=restarted
保存退出
5.sersync部署
（1）在ansible服务器先下载sersync
（2）解压到/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/并修改配置文件
（3）推送到nfs
（4）启动sersync
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/sersync.yaml
添加：
- hosts: nfs tasks: - name: scp sersync copy: src=./tools/sersync/ dest=/usr/local/sersync owner=www group=www mode=755 - name: start sersync shell: pgrep sersync; [ $? -eq 0 ] || /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml
保存退出
6.web部署
（1）本地安装httpd
（2）修改配置文件，复制到/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf
（3）挂载
（4）启动
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/web.yaml
添加：
- hosts: web tasks: - name: install httpd yum: name=httpd state=installed - name: mount nfs mount: src=nfs:/data path=/var/www/html fstype=nfs state=mounted - name: config httpd copy: src=./conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf notify: restart httpd - name: start httpd service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes handlers: - name: restart httpd service: name=httpd state=restarted
保存退出
7.main.yaml
vim main.yaml
添加：
- import_playbook: base.yaml - import_playbook: rsync.yaml - import_playbook: nfs.yaml - import_playbook: sersync.yaml - import_playbook: web.yaml
保存退出
预检测：ansible-playbook -C main.yaml
执行： ansible-playbook main.yaml
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ansible roles扩展参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/woshizhangliang999/article/details/106005990/
