SSL:安全套接字层,由Netscape公司于1994年创建，它旨在通过Web创建安全的Internet通信。
它是一种标准协议，用于加密浏览器和服务器之间的通信。它允许通过Internet安全轻松地传输账号密码、银行卡、手机号等私密信息。
SSL常见应用：
https：启用ssl加密的安全HTTP传输协议 443
ipsec vpn
PKI:公钥基础设施,主要功能是绑定证书持有者的身份和相关的密钥对（通过为公钥及相关的用户身份信息签发数字证书），
为用户提供方便的证书申请、证书作废、证书获取、证书状态查询的途径，
并利用数字证书及相关的各种服务（证书发布，黑名单发布，时间戳服务等）,
实现通信中各实体的身份认证、完整性、抗抵赖性和保密性.
标准：x.509
CA:证书颁发机构
RA:证书注册机构
证书的内容：
申请者的公钥
申请者的身份标识
证书有效期
颁发者的标识
颁发者的签名
HTTPS证书的选择
DV型 域名型，不显示企业名
OV型 企业型，显示企业名
EV型 企业增强型，防止代申请
HTTPS证书购买选择
单域名：仅能绑定一个域名
多域名：能绑定五个域名
通配符域名：不限个数
HTTPS注意事项
https仅支持二级域名
https不支持续费，证书到期重新申请替换
https显示绿色，说明整个网站都是https的
https显示黄色，网站代码中包含https不安全链接
https显示红色，证书不认或过期
企业内部实现https案例：
生成key密钥
生成证书签名请求文件（csr文件）
生成证书签名文件（ca文件）
1.查看是否安装openssl和版本
rpm -q openssl
yum -y install openssl
openssl version
查看nginx是否安装ssl模块
nginx -V 显示结果包含： --with-http_ssl_module
创建ssl密钥目录,并进入目录
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/ssl_key
cd /etc/nginx/ssl_key
2.本机当CA：证书颁发机构，创建私钥
openssl genrsa -idea -out server.key 2048
3.生成证书，去掉私钥的密码
openssl req -days 3650 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt
4.配置https网站
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/https.conf
添加：
server { listen 443 ssl; server_name https.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; location / { root /httpsweb; index index.html; } }
保存退出
mkdir /httpsweb
echo "
https.benet.com
" > /httpsweb/index.html
systemctl restart nginx
5.客户机修改hosts文件，使用https://https.benet.com访问测试。
6.rewrite地址重写（http重定向到https）
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/https.conf server { listen 443 ssl; server_name https.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; location / { root /httpsweb; index index.html; } } server { listen 80; server_name https.benet.com; # rewrite .* https://https.benet.com; # rewrite .* https://hosthostrequest_uri redirect; # rewrite .* https://servernameserver_namerequest_uri redirect; rewrite .* https://servernameservernameserver_name1 redirect; }
保存退出
7.配置负载均衡https
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/lb_https.conf
添加：
upstream webhttps { server 192.168.1.109:443; server 192.168.1.111:443; } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name https.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; location / { proxy_pass https://webhttps; } } server { listen 80; server_name https.benet.com; return 302 https://servernameservernameserver_name1; }
保存退出
8.模拟案例：配置https的blog、zh（web2和web1配置相同）选做
(1)配置web1的blog
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.conf
添加：
server { listen 443 ssl; server_name blog.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; root /wordpress; index index.php index.html; location ~ \.php$ { root /wordpress; fastcgi_pass 192.168.1.110:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME documentrootdocumentrootdocument_rootfastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } server { listen 80; server_name blog.benet.com; # rewrite .* https://blog.benet.com; # rewrite .* https://hosthosthostrequest_uri redirect; # rewrite .* https://servernameservernameserver_namerequest_uri redirect; rewrite .* https://servernameservernameserver_name1 redirect; }
保存退出
(2)配置web1的zh
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/zh.conf
添加：
server { listen 443 ssl; server_name zh.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; root /zh; index index.php index.html; location ~ \.php$ { root /zh; fastcgi_pass 192.168.1.110:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME documentrootdocumentrootdocument_rootfastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } server { listen 80; server_name zh.benet.com; # rewrite .* https://zh.benet.com; # rewrite .* https://hosthosthostrequest_uri redirect; # rewrite .* https://servernameservernameserver_namerequest_uri redirect; rewrite .* https://servernameservernameserver_name1 redirect; }
保存退出
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
(3)配置负载均衡lb1
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/lb1.conf
添加：
upstream web_cluster { server 192.168.1.109:443; server 192.168.1.111:443; } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name blog.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; location / { proxy_pass https://web_cluster; include nginx_params; } } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name zh.benet.com; ssl_certificate ssl_key/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl_key/server.key; location / { proxy_pass https://web_cluster; include nginx_params; } } server { listen 80; server_name blog.benet.com; return 302 https://servernameservernameserver_name1; } server { listen 80; server_name zh.benet.com; return 302 https://servernameservernameserver_name1; }
保存退出
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
==============================
www.baidu.com. #FQDN 完整合格域名
. 根服务器，世界共13台（美8 欧4 日1）
com 顶级或一级服务器（com 商业； gov 政府；edu 教育；mil 军事；org 自由论坛；net 网络组织；cn 中国；us 美国）
baidu 二级域名
www 主机头
==============================
