Hive远程连接
要配置Hive远程连接,首先确保HiveServer2已启动并监听指定的端口
hive/bin/hiveserver2
检查 HiveServer2是否正在运行
# lsof -i:10000
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
java 660 root 565u IPv6 89917 0t0 TCP *:ndmp (LISTEN)
默认方式远程连接Hive
如果Hive 运行在与 Hadoop集成的环境中,HiveServer2可以与Hadoop中的用户验证机制集成,并且会使用已经验证的Hadoop用户凭据来进行身份验证和授权。
在IDEA的Database菜单栏如下操作,添加Hive连接
填写Hive地址,以及Hadoop中使用的用户名
注意:初次使用,配置过程会提示缺少JDBC驱动,按照提示下载即可。
点击Test Connection
测试,发现连接Hive失败,同时hiveserver2后台日志提示:
WARN [HiveServer2-Handler-Pool: Thread-47] thrift.ThriftCLIService (ThriftCLIService.java:OpenSession(340)) - Error opening session:
org.apache.hive.service.cli.HiveSQLException: Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User: root is not allowed to impersonate root
at org.apache.hive.service.cli.session.SessionManager.createSession(SessionManager.java:434)
at org.apache.hive.service.cli.session.SessionManager.openSession(SessionManager.java:373)
at org.apache.hive.service.cli.CLIService.openSessionWithImpersonation(CLIService.java:195)
at org.apache.hive.service.cli.thrift.ThriftCLIService.getSessionHandle(ThriftCLIService.java:472)
at org.apache.hive.service.cli.thrift.ThriftCLIService.OpenSession(ThriftCLIService.java:322)
at org.apache.hive.service.rpc.thrift.TCLIService{
mathJaxContainer[0]}OpenSession.getResult(TCLIService.java:1497)
at org.apache.hive.service.rpc.thrift.TCLIService{
mathJaxContainer[1]}OpenSession.getResult(TCLIService.java:1482)
at org.apache.thrift.ProcessFunction.process(ProcessFunction.java:39)
at org.apache.thrift.TBaseProcessor.process(TBaseProcessor.java:39)
at org.apache.hive.service.auth.TSetIpAddressProcessor.process(TSetIpAddressProcessor.java:56)
at org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer$WorkerProcess.run(TThreadPoolServer.java:286)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
解决方案:
在
Hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
文件中添加如下配置,然后分发到各个节点
注意:root
:指Hadoop组件在运行时使用的用户名,根据自身配置修改
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
重启Hadoop、hiveserver2后再次连接测试
自定义身份验证类远程连接Hive
在Hive 中,默认情况下,没有启用用户验证机制,即hive默认的用户名和密码都是空。为了安全保证,可以开启用户、密码登录Hive,做法是自定义一个身份验证类
创建一个Java项目,并确保项目中包含所需的依赖项,如Hive的JDBC驱动程序
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
<artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>3.1.3</version>
</dependency>
注意:应该使用与服务器使用的Hive JDBC版本保持一致。
创建一个实现 PasswdAuthenticationProvider 接口的类。
package cn.ybzy.demo;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf;
import org.apache.hive.service.auth.PasswdAuthenticationProvider;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import javax.security.sasl.AuthenticationException;
public class MyHiveCustomPasswdAuthenticator implements PasswdAuthenticationProvider {
private Logger LOG = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyHiveCustomPasswdAuthenticator.class);
private static final String HIVE_JDBC_PASSWD_AUTH_PREFIX = "hive.jdbc_passwd.auth.%s";
private Configuration conf = null;
@Override
public void Authenticate(String userName, String passwd)
throws AuthenticationException {
LOG.info("Hive 用户: " + userName + " 尝试登录");
String passwdConf = getConf().get(String.format(HIVE_JDBC_PASSWD_AUTH_PREFIX, userName));
if (passwdConf == null) {
String message = "找不到对应用户的密码配置, 用户:" + userName;
LOG.info(message);
throw new AuthenticationException(message);
}
if (!passwd.equals(passwdConf)) {
String message = "用户名和密码不匹配, 用户:" + userName;
throw new AuthenticationException(message);
}
}
public Configuration getConf() {
if (conf == null) {
this.conf = new Configuration(new HiveConf());
}
return conf;
}
public void setConf(Configuration conf) {
this.conf = conf;
}
}
将该Java项目打包,同时上传到Hive的lib目录
mv hive/MyHiveCustomPasswdAuthenticator.jar hive/lib/
修改hive-site.xml,进行配置
<!-- 使用自定义远程连接用户名和密码 -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.authentication</name>
<value>CUSTOM</value><!--默认为none,修改成CUSTOM-->
</property>
<!-- 指定解析类 -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.custom.authentication.class</name>
<value>cn.ybzy.demo.MyHiveCustomPasswdAuthenticator</value>
</property>
<!--设置用户名和密码 name属性中root是用户名 value属性中时密码-->
<property>
<name>hive.jdbc_passwd.auth.hive</name>
<value>hive123</value>
</property>
权限问题
在IDEA中远程连接Hive,并操作时,可能会出现如下异常:
ERROR --- [ HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-440] org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.utils.MetaStoreUtils (line: 166) : Got exception: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException Permission denied: user=hive, access=WRITE, inode="/hive/warehouse":root:supergroup:drwxr-xr-x
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.check(FSPermissionChecker.java:399)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkPermission(FSPermissionChecker.java:255)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkPermission(FSPermissionChecker.java:193)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.checkPermission(FSDirectory.java:1855)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.checkPermission(FSDirectory.java:1839)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.checkAncestorAccess(FSDirectory.java:1798)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirMkdirOp.mkdirs(FSDirMkdirOp.java:59)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3175)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1145)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:714)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos{
mathJaxContainer[2]}2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine{
mathJaxContainer[3]}ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:527)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:1036)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:1000)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$RpcCall.run(Server.java:928)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1729)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2916)
原因:
在操作Hive时,其会去操作HDFS,而登录Hive的用户没有权限操作
解决方案:
要确保Hive用户(例如 hive)能够操作HDFS。
由于Hive配置了metastore数据存储位置,例如/hive/warehouse
,因此,需要对该目录授予相应权限
hadoop fs -chown hive:hive /hive/warehouse
在IDEA中创建一个数据库:
create database demo;
查看HDFS:
额外说明
除了上述方式外,Hive还提供了Kerberos 或 LDAP高级认证方式,有点复杂,暂且不讨论。
另外,在较早版本的 Hive(2.x 及更早版本)中可以通过以下配置Hive远程连接的用户名与密码
<property>
<name>hive.server2.authentication</name>
<value>PASSWORD</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.authentication.user.name</name>
<value>hive</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.authentication.user.password</name>
<value>hive123</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
<value>10000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
<value>node01</value>
</property>