大家好，我是欧K~
本期我们参考FiveThirtyEight发布的世界足球俱乐部排名，利用Matplotlib手把手教大家如何制作新闻级别可视化作品，希望对小伙伴们有所帮助，如有疑问或者需要改进的地方可以联系小编。
先看看效果：
1. 导入模块
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.patches as patches import matplotlib.image as mpimg from matplotlib.offsetbox import OffsetImage, AnnotationBbox
主要用到：matplotlib — patches、image、offsetbox
2. 示例数据
dic_t = {'Premier League':'England','Bundesliga':'Germany','Ligue 1':'France', 'La Liga':'Spain', 'Eredivisie':'Netherlands','Serie A':'Italy', 'Primeira Liga':'Portugal','Bundesliga_1':'Austria'} team = ['Man.City', 'Liverpool', 'Bayern Munich', 'Chelsea', 'PSG', 'Real Madrid', 'Ajax', 'Barcelona', 'Tottnham', 'Inter Milan', 'RB Leipzig', 'Porto', 'RB Salzburg', 'Dortmund', 'Atlético Madrid', 'Arsenal', 'Villarreal', 'Brighton', 'AC Milan', 'Sporting'][::-1] league = ['Premier League', 'Premier League', 'Bundesliga', 'Premier League', 'Ligue 1', 'La Liga', 'Eredivisie', 'La Liga', 'Premier League', 'Serie A', 'Bundesliga', 'Primeira Liga', 'Bundesliga_1', 'Bundesliga', 'La Liga', 'Premier League', 'La Liga', 'Premier League', 'Serie A', 'Primeira Liga'][::-1] league_country = [dic_t[i] for i in league] rank = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20][::-1] OFF = [3.3,2.9,3.4,2.4,2.8,2.7,3.0,2.4,2.5,2.5, 2.5,2.3,2.5,2.6,2.0,2.2,2.3,2.1,2.1,2.2][::-1] DEF = [0.3,0.2,0.6,0.3,0.7,0.6,0.9,0.5,0.6,0.7, 0.3,0.2,0.6,0.3,0.7,0.6,0.9,0.5,0.6,0.7][::-1] SPI = [93.5,93.3,91.6,88.4,85.0,85.5,84.6,84.3,84.1,82.1, 81.8,81.6,81.5,81.1,80.4,80.2,80.1,80.0,80.0,79.8][::-1]
截取世界排名前20的足球俱乐部。
3. 画布设置
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, dpi=300) # 隐藏xy轴 ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False) ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False) # 将刻度小横线设置为白色，标签颜色为黑色 plt.tick_params(axis='x', color='w') # x,y轴刻度范围 ax.set_xlim(0, 2) ax.set_ylim(0, 4)
4. 画布区域主题分配
# 设置上下左右外框变为透明 for i in ['top', 'right', 'left', 'bottom']: ax.spines[i].set_visible(False) title_size = 3.2 title_pos = 40 ax.axhline(y=title_pos, xmax=.8, c='black', lw=0.4) ax.axvline(x=.7, ymin=0.002, ymax=.909, c='black', lw=0.4) ax.axvline(x=3.95, ymin=0.002, ymax=.909, c='black', lw=0.4) ax.axhline(y=0.1, xmax=.8, c='black', lw=0.4)
5. 添加数据散点
x1 = [4.1] * len(rank) y1 = [1 + i * 2 for i in range(len(rank))] ax.scatter(x1, y1, s=40,alpha=0.8)
6. 添加表头
ax.text(0.08, 0.2 + title_pos, 'RANK', fontdict={'color': '#1C1C1C', 'size': title_size}, fontweight='bold') ax.text(0.39, 0.2 + title_pos, '1-WEEK\nCHANGE', fontdict={'color': '#1C1C1C', 'size': title_size}, fontweight='heavy') ax.text(0.75, 0.2 + title_pos, 'TEAM', fontdict={'color': '#1C1C1C', 'size': title_size}, fontweight='heavy')
7. 添加数据
for i in range(len(rank)): ax.axhline(y=0.1 + i * 2, xmax=.8, c='gray', lw=0.4, alpha=0.2) ax.text(0.13, 0.78 + i * 2, str(rank[i]), fontdict={'color': '#1C1C1C', 'size': 4}, fontweight='normal') ax.text(.75, 0.78 + i * 2, str(team[i]), fontdict={'color': '#1C1C1C', 'size': 4}, fontweight='heavy') ax.text(4.05, 0.75 + i * 2, str(OFF[i]), fontdict={'color': '#1C1C1C', 'size': 3.6}, fontweight='normal')
8. 设置colarbar
x1 = [4.1] * len(rank) y1 = [1 + i * 2 for i in range(len(rank))] ax.scatter(x1, y1, c=OFF, s=40, cmap='Greens', vmin=1, vmax=4, alpha=0.8, edgecolors='none')
9. 添加俱乐部flag
10. 添加其他数据
11. 添加标题、注释
12. 在线运行地址
篇幅原因，部分代码未展示，在线运行地址(含全部代码)：
https://www.heywhale.com/mw/project/6358ffe4d9319f9326104897
END
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