4.STE32定时器
（1）定时器简单介绍：
高级控制定时器 TIM1和TIM8
通用定时器 TIMX(2~5)
基本定时器 TIMX6和TIM7
（2）定时器PWM输出：
PWM:脉冲宽度调制（频率可以设定，占空比可动态调节）
1）原理：
每个定时器有四个通道：OC1~OC4
有RCC给到72MHz
PSC：预分频
1~65536所以定义时为0~65535；
CNT：计数器
若CNT为1000，那么1到1000为一个周期，然后定时器定义为500，让其前500为高电平，后500为低电平；
2）固件库函数：
void TIM_DeInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); void TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef* TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct); void TIM_OC1Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_OC2Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_OC3Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_OC4Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_ICInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_ICInitTypeDef* TIM_ICInitStruct); void TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_ICInitTypeDef* TIM_ICInitStruct); void TIM_BDTRConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef *TIM_BDTRInitStruct); void TIM_TimeBaseStructInit(TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef* TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct); void TIM_OCStructInit(TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_ICStructInit(TIM_ICInitTypeDef* TIM_ICInitStruct); void TIM_BDTRStructInit(TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef* TIM_BDTRInitStruct); void TIM_Cmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_ITConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_IT, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_GenerateEvent(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_EventSource); void TIM_DMAConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_DMABase, uint16_t TIM_DMABurstLength); void TIM_DMACmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_DMASource, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_InternalClockConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); void TIM_ITRxExternalClockConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_InputTriggerSource); void TIM_TIxExternalClockConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_TIxExternalCLKSource, uint16_t TIM_ICPolarity, uint16_t ICFilter); void TIM_ETRClockMode1Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPolarity, uint16_t ExtTRGFilter); void TIM_ETRClockMode2Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPolarity, uint16_t ExtTRGFilter); void TIM_ETRConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPrescaler, uint16_t TIM_ExtTRGPolarity, uint16_t ExtTRGFilter); void TIM_PrescalerConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Prescaler, uint16_t TIM_PSCReloadMode); void TIM_CounterModeConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_CounterMode); void TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_InputTriggerSource); void TIM_EncoderInterfaceConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_EncoderMode, uint16_t TIM_IC1Polarity, uint16_t TIM_IC2Polarity); void TIM_ForcedOC1Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction); void TIM_ForcedOC2Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction); void TIM_ForcedOC3Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction); void TIM_ForcedOC4Config(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ForcedAction); void TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_SelectCOM(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_SelectCCDMA(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_CCPreloadControl(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC1FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast); void TIM_OC2FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast); void TIM_OC3FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast); void TIM_OC4FastConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCFast); void TIM_ClearOC1Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear); void TIM_ClearOC2Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear); void TIM_ClearOC3Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear); void TIM_ClearOC4Ref(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCClear); void TIM_OC1PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity); void TIM_OC1NPolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity); void TIM_OC2PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity); void TIM_OC2NPolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity); void TIM_OC3PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity); void TIM_OC3NPolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity); void TIM_OC4PolarityConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity); void TIM_CCxCmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_Channel, uint16_t TIM_CCx); void TIM_CCxNCmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_Channel, uint16_t TIM_CCxN); void TIM_SelectOCxM(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_Channel, uint16_t TIM_OCMode); void TIM_UpdateDisableConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_UpdateRequestConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_UpdateSource); void TIM_SelectHallSensor(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState); void TIM_SelectOnePulseMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OPMode); void TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_TRGOSource); void TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_SlaveMode); void TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_MasterSlaveMode); void TIM_SetCounter(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Counter); void TIM_SetAutoreload(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Autoreload); void TIM_SetCompare1(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare1); void TIM_SetCompare2(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare2); void TIM_SetCompare3(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare3); void TIM_SetCompare4(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t Compare4); void TIM_SetIC1Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC); void TIM_SetIC2Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC); void TIM_SetIC3Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC); void TIM_SetIC4Prescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_ICPSC); void TIM_SetClockDivision(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_CKD); uint16_t TIM_GetCapture1(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); uint16_t TIM_GetCapture2(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); uint16_t TIM_GetCapture3(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); uint16_t TIM_GetCapture4(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); uint16_t TIM_GetCounter(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); uint16_t TIM_GetPrescaler(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx); FlagStatus TIM_GetFlagStatus(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_FLAG); void TIM_ClearFlag(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_FLAG); ITStatus TIM_GetITStatus(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_IT); void TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_IT);
（1）定时器的初始化：
初始化函数：有两个参数第一个是选择用哪一个定时器，第二个是结构体；
void TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef* TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct);
typedef struct { uint16_t TIM_Prescaler; //预分屏值PSC，给到CNT，是CNT的计数频率 uint16_t TIM_CounterMode; //计数模式 //#define TIM_CounterMode_Up ((uint16_t)0x0000)向上 //#define TIM_CounterMode_Down ((uint16_t)0x0010)向下 uint16_t TIM_Period; //计数值 周期=计数值所用时间 uint16_t TIM_ClockDivision; uint8_t TIM_RepetitionCounter; } TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef;
（2）输出通道的初始化：
第一个参数也是选择定时器，第二个还是结构体指针；
void TIM_OC1Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_OC2Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_OC3Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct); void TIM_OC4Init(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, TIM_OCInitTypeDef* TIM_OCInitStruct);
typedef struct { uint16_t TIM_OCMode; //输出模式 //#define TIM_OCMode_PWM1 ((uint16_t)0x0060) //#define TIM_OCMode_PWM2 ((uint16_t)0x0070) uint16_t TIM_OutputState; //输出状态 //#define TIM_OutputState_Disable ((uint16_t)0x0000) //#define TIM_OutputState_Enable ((uint16_t)0x0001) uint16_t TIM_OutputNState; //互补输出（1和8有） uint16_t TIM_Pulse; //比较寄存器中的值 uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity; //输出极性的设置 //#define TIM_OCPolarity_High ((uint16_t)0x0000) //#define TIM_OCPolarity_Low ((uint16_t)0x0002) uint16_t TIM_OCNPolarity; //互不输出极性； uint16_t TIM_OCIdleState; uint16_t TIM_OCNIdleState; } TIM_OCInitTypeDef;
PWM1模式：CNT<CRRx(比较寄存器),输出为有效电平
PWM2模式：相反
有效电平由极性决定；
uint16_t TIM_OCPolarity; //输出极性的设置
//#define TIM_OCPolarity_High ((uint16_t)0x0000)
//#define TIM_OCPolarity_Low ((uint16_t)0x0002)
设置高则有效电平为高，反之为低
（3）设置OCx的比较寄存器预装载功能
第一个参数是哪一个定时器，第二个是打开还是关闭
1,2,3,4,5,8，15
ENABLEor DISABLE
void TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload); void TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, uint16_t TIM_OCPreload);
（4）设置自动重装在使能
void TIM_Cmd(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
参数同上一个
（5）开启计时器的计数功能；
void TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx, FunctionalState NewState);
（6）设置时钟位置：
（7）PWM:GPIO为推挽输出模式
