Spring Cloud Gateway 服务网关的部署与使用详细教程

 <properties>
  <spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
  <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
  <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
 </properties>
 <!-- 只声明依赖，不引入依赖 -->
 <dependencyManagement>
  <dependencies>
   <!-- 声明springBoot版本 -->
   <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 声明springCloud版本 -->
   <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 声明 springCloud Alibaba 版本 -->
   <dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
   </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 </dependencyManagement>

<!-- 引入gateway网关 -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
 <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

server:
  port: 9023
  servlet:
    context-path: /${spring.application.name}
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      # 路由数组：指当请求满足什么样的断言时，转发到哪个服务上
      routes:
        # 路由标识，要求唯一，名称任意
        - id: gateway-provider_1
    # 请求最终被转发到的目标地址
          uri: http://localhost:9024
          # 设置断言
          predicates:
            # Path Route Predicate Factory 断言，满足 /gateway/provider/** 路径的请求都会被路由到 http://localhost:9024 这个uri中
            - Path=/gateway/provider/**
            # Weight Route Predicate Factory 断言，同一分组按照权重进行分配流量，这里分配了80%
            # 第一个group1是分组名，第二个参数是权重
            - Weight=group1, 8
          # 配置过滤器（局部）
          filters:
            # StripPrefix：去除原始请求路径中的前1级路径，即/gateway
            - StripPrefix=1            
        - id: gateway-provider_2
          uri: http://localhost:9025
          # 设置断言
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/provider/**
            # Weight Route Predicate Factory，同一分组按照权重进行分配流量，这里分配了20%
            - Weight=group1, 2
    # 配置过滤器（局部）
          filters:
            # StripPrefix：去除原始请求路径中的前1级路径，即/gateway
            - StripPrefix=1    

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: gateway-provider_1
          uri: http://localhost:9024
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/provider/**
          # 配置过滤器（局部）
          filters:
            - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Foo, Bar
            # StripPrefix：去除原始请求路径中的前1级路径，即/gateway
            - StripPrefix=1   

/**
 * 名称必须是xxxGatewayFilterFactory形式
 * todo：模拟授权的验证，具体逻辑根据业务完善
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class AuthorizeGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory<AuthorizeGatewayFilterFactory.Config> {
    private static final String AUTHORIZE_TOKEN = "token";
    //构造函数，加载Config
    public AuthorizeGatewayFilterFactory() {
        //固定写法
        super(AuthorizeGatewayFilterFactory.Config.class);
        log.info("Loaded GatewayFilterFactory [Authorize]");
    }
    //读取配置文件中的参数 赋值到 配置类中
    @Override
    public List<String> shortcutFieldOrder() {
        //Config.enabled
        return Arrays.asList("enabled");
    }
    @Override
    public GatewayFilter apply(AuthorizeGatewayFilterFactory.Config config) {
        return (exchange, chain) -> {
            //判断是否开启授权验证
            if (!config.isEnabled()) {
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            }
            ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
            HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
            //从请求头中获取token
            String token = headers.getFirst(AUTHORIZE_TOKEN);
            if (token == null) {
                //从请求头参数中获取token
                token = request.getQueryParams().getFirst(AUTHORIZE_TOKEN);
            }
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
            //如果token为空，直接返回401，未授权
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
                response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
                //处理完成，直接拦截，不再进行下去
                return response.setComplete();
            }
            /**
             * todo chain.filter(exchange) 之前的都是过滤器的前置处理
             *
             * chain.filter().then(
             *  过滤器的后置处理...........
             * )
             */
            //授权正常，继续下一个过滤器链的调用
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        };
    }
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public static class Config {
        // 控制是否开启认证
        private boolean enabled;
    }
}

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: gateway-provider_1
          uri: http://localhost:9024
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/provider/**
          # 配置过滤器（局部）
          filters:
            - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Foo, Bar
            # AuthorizeGatewayFilterFactory自定义过滤器配置，值为true需要验证授权，false不需要
            - Authorize=true

@Slf4j
@Component
@Order(value = Integer.MIN_VALUE)
public class AccessLogGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter {
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        //filter的前置处理
        ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        String path = request.getPath().pathWithinApplication().value();
        InetSocketAddress remoteAddress = request.getRemoteAddress();
        return chain
                //继续调用filter
                .filter(exchange)
                //filter的后置处理
                .then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
            HttpStatus statusCode = response.getStatusCode();
            log.info("请求路径:{},远程IP地址:{},响应码:{}", path, remoteAddress, statusCode);
        }));
    }
}

<!--nacos注册中心-->
<dependency>
 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

nacos:
  namespace: 856a40d7-6548-4494-bdb9-c44491865f63
  url: 120.76.129.106:80
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
       server-addr: ${nacos.url}
        namespace: ${nacos.namespace}
        register-enabled: true

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: gateway-provider_1
          # 使用了lb形式，从注册中心负载均衡的获取uri
          uri: lb://gateway-provider
          # 配置断言
          predicates:
            - Path=/gateway/provider/**
          filters:
            - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Foo, Bar

> 基于 Spring Cloud Alibaba + Gateway + Nacos + RocketMQ + Vue & Element 实现的后台管理系统 + 用户小程序，支持 RBAC 动态权限、多租户、数据权限、工作流、三方登录、支付、短信、商城等功能
>
> * 项目地址：<https://gitee.com/zhijiantianya/yudao-cloud>
> * 视频教程：<https://doc.iocoder.cn/video/>
# enabled：默认为false，设置为true表明spring cloud gateway开启服务发现和路由的功能，网关自动根据注册中心的服务名为每个服务创建一个router，将以服务名开头的请求路径转发到对应的服务
spring.cloud.gateway.discovery.locator.enabled = true
# lowerCaseServiceId：启动 locator.enabled=true 自动路由时，路由的路径默认会使用大写ID，若想要使用小写ID，可将lowerCaseServiceId设置为true
spring.cloud.gateway.discovery.locator.lower-case-service-id = true

# 重写过滤链，解决项目设置了 server.servlet.context-path 导致 locator.enabled=true 默认路由策略404的问题
spring.cloud.gateway.discovery.locator.filters[0] = PreserveHostHeader
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig
{
    @Value ("${server.servlet.context-path}")
    private String prefix;
    /**
     * 过滤 server.servlet.context-path 属性配置的项目路径，防止对后续路由策略产生影响，因为 gateway 网关不支持 servlet
     */
    @Bean
    @Order (-1)
    public WebFilter apiPrefixFilter()
    {
        return (exchange, chain) ->
        {
            ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
            String path = request.getURI().getRawPath();
            path = path.startsWith(prefix) ? path.replaceFirst(prefix, "") : path;
            ServerHttpRequest newRequest = request.mutate().path(path).build();
            return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(newRequest).build());
        };
    }
}

<!-- Apollo 统一配置中心 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.ctrip.framework.apollo</groupId>
    <artifactId>apollo-client</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.0</version>
</dependency>

import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.enums.PropertyChangeType;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.model.ConfigChange;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.model.ConfigChangeEvent;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.spring.annotation.ApolloConfigChangeListener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.environment.EnvironmentChangeEvent;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.event.RefreshRoutesEvent;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinitionWriter;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
 * Apollo路由更改监听刷新
 */
@Configuration
public class GatewayPropertRefresher implements ApplicationContextAware, ApplicationEventPublisherAware
{
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GatewayPropertRefresher.class);
    private static final String ID_PATTERN = "spring\\.cloud\\.gateway\\.routes\\[\\d+\\]\\.id";
    private static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_PATTERN = "spring\\.cloud\\.gateway\\.default-filters\\[\\d+\\]\\.name";
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
    @Autowired
    private  GatewayProperties gatewayProperties;
    @Autowired
    private RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;
    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }
    @Override
    public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
        this.publisher = applicationEventPublisher;
    }
    /**
     * 监听路由修改
     */
    @ApolloConfigChangeListener(interestedKeyPrefixes = "spring.cloud.gateway.")
    public void onChange(ConfigChangeEvent changeEvent)
    {
        refreshGatewayProperties(changeEvent);
    }
    /**
     * 刷新路由信息
     */
    private void refreshGatewayProperties(ConfigChangeEvent changeEvent)
    {
        logger.info("gateway网关配置 刷新开始！");
        preDestroyGatewayProperties(changeEvent);
        //更新配置
        this.applicationContext.publishEvent(new EnvironmentChangeEvent(changeEvent.changedKeys()));
        //更新路由
        refreshGatewayRouteDefinition();
        logger.info("gateway网关配置 刷新完成！");
    }
    /***
     * GatewayProperties没有@PreDestroy和destroy方法
     * org.springframework.cloud.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinder#rebind(java.lang.String)中destroyBean时不会销毁当前对象
     * 如果把spring.cloud.gateway.前缀的配置项全部删除（例如需要动态删除最后一个路由的场景），initializeBean时也无法创建新的bean，则return当前bean
     * 若仍保留有spring.cloud.gateway.routes[n]或spring.cloud.gateway.default-filters[n]等配置，initializeBean时会注入新的属性替换已有的bean
     * 这个方法提供了类似@PreDestroy的操作，根据配置文件的实际情况把org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayProperties#routes
     * 和org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayProperties#defaultFilters两个集合清空
     */
    private synchronized void preDestroyGatewayProperties(ConfigChangeEvent changeEvent)
    {
        logger.info("Pre Destroy GatewayProperties 操作开始!");
        final boolean needClearRoutes = this.checkNeedClear(changeEvent, ID_PATTERN, this.gatewayProperties.getRoutes().size());
        if (needClearRoutes)
        {
            this.gatewayProperties.setRoutes(new ArrayList());
        }
        final boolean needClearDefaultFilters = this.checkNeedClear(changeEvent, DEFAULT_FILTER_PATTERN, this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters().size());
        if (needClearDefaultFilters)
        {
            this.gatewayProperties.setRoutes(new ArrayList());
        }
        logger.info("Pre Destroy GatewayProperties 操作完成!");
    }
    private void refreshGatewayRouteDefinition()
    {
        logger.info("Refreshing Gateway RouteDefinition 操作开始!");
        this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
        logger.info("Gateway RouteDefinition refreshed 操作完成!");
    }
    /***
     * 根据changeEvent和定义的pattern匹配key，如果所有对应PropertyChangeType为DELETED则需要清空GatewayProperties里相关集合
     */
    private boolean checkNeedClear(ConfigChangeEvent changeEvent, String pattern, int existSize) {
        return changeEvent.changedKeys().stream().filter(key -> key.matches(pattern)).filter(key ->
        {
            ConfigChange change = changeEvent.getChange(key);
            return PropertyChangeType.DELETED.equals(change.getChangeType());
        }).count() == existSize;
    }
}

# 暴露endpoint端点，暴露路由信息，有获取所有路由、刷新路由、查看单个路由、删除路由等方法
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include = *
management.endpoint.health.show-details = always