面向对象
使用实义化的对象
挑战1/1 MAKEPERSON
问题:
构建一个称为makePerson的接受两个参数(name和age)的函数,返回一个对象。此函数会:
- 创建一个空对象;
- 给空对象一个键名为name的属性,键值为输入函数的name参数的值;
- 给空对象一个键名为age的属性,键值为输入函数的age参数的值;
- 返回对象。
题解:
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/**************************************************************** WORKING WITH OBJECT LITERALS ****************************************************************/ /*** CHALLENGE 1 of 1 ***/ functionmakePerson(name, age) { // add code here const innerObj = {}; innerObj["name"] = name; innerObj["age"] = age; return innerObj; } const vicky = makePerson("Vicky", 24); /********* Uncomment these lines to test your work! *********/ console.log(vicky.name); // -> Logs 'Vicky' console.log(vicky.age); // -> Logs 24 |
使用Object.create
挑战1/3 PERSONSTORE
问题:
在personStore对象内,创建greet属性,其值为一个打印“hello”的函数。
题解:
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/**************************************************************** USING OBJECT.CREATE ****************************************************************/ /*** CHALLENGE 1 of 3 ***/ const personStore = { // add code here greet: function () { console.log("hello"); }, }; /********* Uncomment this line to test your work! *********/ personStore.greet(); // -> Logs 'hello' |
挑战2/3 PERSONFROMPERSONSTORE
问题:
构建personFromPersonStore函数,接受的参数为name和age。当被调用时,此函数会被通过Object.create方法在personStore对象上创建person对象。
题解:
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/*** CHALLENGE 2 of 3 ***/ functionpersonFromPersonStore(name, age) { // add code here const innerObj = Object.create(personStore); innerObj["name"] = name; innerObj["age"] = age; return innerObj; } const sandra = personFromPersonStore("Sandra", 26); // /********* Uncomment these lines to test your work! *********/ console.log(sandra.name); // -> Logs 'Sandra' console.log(sandra.age); //-> Logs 26 sandra.greet(); //-> Logs 'hello' |
挑战3/3 INTRODUCE
问题:
在不改变上述已写代码的情况下,给personStore对象添加一个用于打印“Hi,my name is [name]”的introduce方法。
题解:
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/*** CHALLENGE 3 of 3 ***/ // add code here personStore["introduce"] = function () { console.log(`Hi, my name is ${this.name}`); }; sandra.introduce(); // -> Logs 'Hi, my name is Sandra' |
使用”new“关键词
挑战1/3 PERSONCONSTRUCTOR
问题:
构建PersonConstructor函数。其利用“this”关键词来保存属性到greet作用域上。greet应该是一个打印“hello”字符串的函数。
题解:
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/**************************************************************** USING THE 'NEW' KEYWORD ****************************************************************/ /*** CHALLENGE 1 of 3 ***/ functionPersonConstructor() { // add code here this.greet = () =>console.log("hello"); } // /********* Uncomment this line to test your work! *********/ const simon = new PersonConstructor(); simon.greet(); // -> Logs 'hello' |
挑战2/3 PERSONFROMCONSTRUCTOR
问题:
构建personFromConstructor函数,接受参数为name和age。当被调用时,此函数会使用“new”关键词来创建person对象而不是Object.create方法。
题解:
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/*** CHALLENGE 2 of 3 ***/ functionpersonFromConstructor(name, age) { // add code here const innerPerson = new PersonConstructor(); innerPerson.name = name; innerPerson.age = age; return innerPerson; } const mike = personFromConstructor("Mike", 30); /********* Uncomment these lines to test your work! *********/ console.log(mike.name); // -> Logs 'Mike' console.log(mike.age); //-> Logs 30 mike.greet(); //-> Logs 'hello' |
挑战3/3 INTRODUCE
问题:
在不改变上述已写代码的情况下,给PersonConstructor函数添加一个打印“Hi, my name is [name]”的introduce方法。
题解:
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/*** CHALLENGE 3 of 3 ***/ // add code here PersonConstructor.prototype.introduce = function () { console.log(`Hi, my name is ${this.name}`); }; mike.introduce(); // -> Logs 'Hi, my name is Mike' |
使用ES6的类
挑战1/2 PERSONCLASS
问题:
构建PersonClass类。PersonClass应有一个接受name参数并存储为名为name的属性的构造器。PersonClass还应有一个称为greet的方法,用于打印“hello”字符串。
题解:
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/**************************************************************** USING ES6 CLASSES ****************************************************************/ /*** CHALLENGE 1 of 2 ***/ classPersonClass{ constructor(name) { // add code here this.name = name; } // add code here greet() { console.log("hello"); } } // /********* Uncomment this line to test your work! *********/ const george = new PersonClass(''); george.greet(); // -> Logs 'hello' |
挑战2/2 DEVELOPERCLASS
问题:
构建DeveloperClass类。DeveloperClass类通过扩展PersonClass类来构造对象。除拥有name属性和greet方法外,DeveloperClass还应有个introduce方法。当被调用时,introduce方法会打印“Hello World, my name is [name]”.
题解:
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/*** CHALLENGE 2 of 2 ***/ // add code here classDeveloperClassextendsPersonClass{ introduce() { console.log(`Hello World, my name is ${this.name}`); } } /********* Uncomment these lines to test your work! *********/ const thai = new DeveloperClass("Thai", 32); console.log(thai.name); // -> Logs 'Thai' thai.introduce(); //-> Logs 'Hello World, my name is Thai' |
拓展:子类
挑战1/5 ADMINFUNCTIONSTORE
问题:
构建adminFunctionStore对象,其可以访问userFunctionStore的所有方法,在不将方法逐个于自身内复制的情况下。
题解:
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const userFunctionStore = { sayType: function () { console.log("I am a " + this.type); }, }; let adminFunctionStore = Object.create(userFunctionStore); |
挑战2/5 ADMINFACTORY
问题:
构建adminFactory函数,用于创建一个包含userFactory下所有数据域及默认值的对象,在不将数据域逐个于自身内复制的情况下。
题解:
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functionuserFactory(name, score) { let user = Object.create(userFunctionStore); user.type = "User"; user.name = name; user.score = score; return user; } functionadminFactory(name, score) { const admin = new userFactory(name, score); return admin; } |
挑战3/5 ADMINFACTORY
问题:
然后确保adminFactory中的type‘域的值为’Admin‘而不是’User’。
题解:
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functionadminFactory(name, score) { const admin = new userFactory(name, score); admin.type = 'Admin'; return admin; } |
挑战4/5 ADMINFACTORY
问题:
确保adminFactory对象可以访问到adminFunctionStore对象中的方法,在不全部复制的情况下。
题解:
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functionadminFactory(name, score) { let admin = Object.create(adminFunctionStore, { name: { value: name, }, score: { value: score, }, }); admin.type = "Admin"; return admin; } |
挑战5/5 SHAREPUBLICMESSAGE
问题:
创建一个打印“Welcome users!”的sharePublicMessage方法,适用于adminFactory对象,但不适用于userFactory对象。请不要在adminFactory中直接添加这个方法。
题解:
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const adminFunctionStore = Object.create(userFunctionStore, { sharePublicMessage: { value: function () { console.log("Welcome users!"); }, }, }); functionadminFactory(name, score) { let admin = Object.create(adminFunctionStore, { name: { value: name, }, score: { value: score, }, }); admin.type = "Admin"; return admin; } const adminTester = new adminFactory("Mike", 89); adminTester.sharePublicMessage(); // -> "Welcom users!" console.log(adminTester.type); // -> "Admin" const userTester = new userFactory("June", 90); // userTester.sharePublisMessage(); // -> error! console.log(userTester.type); // -> "User" const adminFromFactory = adminFactory("Eva", 5); adminFromFactory.sayType(); // -> Logs "I am a Admin" adminFromFactory.sharePublicMessage(); // -> Logs "Welcome users!" |
拓展:Mixins
问题:
Mixins是面向对象编程中使对象获得除继承外的方法和属性的工具。在这个挑战中,补充下方代码,使robotFido拥有robotMixin的所有属性。请仅适用一行代码,在不逐个添加属性的情况下。
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classDog{ constructor() { this.legs = 4; } speak() { console.log('Woof!'); } } const robotMixin = { skin: 'metal', speak: function() { console.log(`I have ${this.legs} legs and am made of ${this.skin}`) }, } let robotFido = new Dog(); |
题解:
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robotFido = Object.assign(robotFido, robotMixin); robotFido.speak(); // -> Logs "I am made of 4 legs and am made of metal" |