一、axios 的依赖安装与处理
1. 依赖安装
使用异步网络请求肯定离不开loading、message 等提示,今天我们配合 elementPlus 一起使用;
// 安装axios npm install axios --save // 安装 elementPlus npm install element-plus --save
2. 全局 axios 封装
src 目录下 utils 目录下,新建 request.ts,因为使用的是TS,需要提前定义数据格式:
定义请求数据返回的格式,需要提前确认好
定义 axios 基础配置信息
请求拦截器:所有请求最先到达的地方,我们可以在此自定义请求头信息(比如:token、多语言等等)
响应拦截器:返回数据最先到达的地方,我们可以在此处理异常信息(比如:code为401重定向至登录、code为500提示错误信息)
import axios, { AxiosInstance, AxiosError, AxiosRequestConfig, AxiosResponse } from "axios"; import { ElMessage, ElLoading, ElMessageBox } from "element-plus"; // response interface { code, msg, success } // 不含 data interface Result { code: number, success: boolean, msg: string } // request interface,包含 data interface ResultData<T = any> extends Result { data?: T } enum RequestEnums { TIMEOUT = 10000, // 请求超时 request timeout FAIL = 500, // 服务器异常 server error LOGINTIMEOUT = 401, // 登录超时 login timeout SUCCESS = 200, // 请求成功 request successfully } // axios 基础配置 const config = { // 默认地址,可以使用 process Node内置的,项目根目录下新建 .env.development baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API as string, timeout: RequestEnums.TIMEOUT as number, // 请求超时时间 withCredentials: true, // 跨越的时候允许携带凭证 } class Request { service: AxiosInstance; constructor(config: AxiosRequestConfig) { // 实例化 serice this.service = axios.create(config); /** * 请求拦截器 * request -> { 请求拦截器 } -> server */ this.service.interceptors.request.use( (config: AxiosRequestConfig) => { const token = localStorage.getItem('token') ?? ''; return { ...config, headers: { 'customToken': "customBearer " + token } } }, (error: AxiosError) => { // 请求报错 Promise.reject(error) } ); /** * 响应拦截器 * response -> { 响应拦截器 } -> client */ this.service.interceptors.response.use( (response: AxiosResponse) => { const { data, config } = response; if (data.code === RequestEnums.LOGINTIMEOUT) { // 表示登录过期,需要重定向至登录页面 ElMessageBox.alert("Session expired", "System info", { confirmButtonText: 'Relogin', type: 'warning' }).then(() => { // 或者调用 logout 方法去处理 localStorage.setItem('token', ''); location.href = '/' }) } if (data.code && data.code !== RequestEnums.SUCCESS) { ElMessage.error(data); return Promise.reject(data); } return data }, (error: AxiosError) => { const { response } = error; if (response) { this.handleCode(response.status); } if (!window.navigator.onLine) { ElMessage.error("网络连接失败,请检查网络"); // 可以重定向至404页面 } } ) } public handleCode = (code: number): void => { switch (code) { case 401: ElMessage.error("登陆失败,请重新登录"); break; case 500: ElMessage.error("请求异常,请联系管理员"); break; default: ElMessage.error('请求失败'); break; } } // 通用方法封装 get<T>(url: string, params?: object): Promise<ResultData<T>> { return this.service.get(url, { params }); } post<T>(url: string, params?: object): Promise<ResultData<T>> { return this.service.post(url, params); } put<T>(url: string, params?: object): Promise<ResultData<T>> { return this.service.put(url, params); } delete<T>(url: string, params?: object): Promise<ResultData<T>> { return this.service.delete(url, { params }); } } export default new Request(config)
3. 实际使用
src 目录下新增 api/index.ts
- 定义请求的参数类型
- 定义响应想具体参数类型
这里我们使用到ts 中的 namespace ,实际开发中我们很多 api 可能会出现相同名字不同含义,所以我们使用 namespace 进行定义
import request from "@/utils/request"; namespace User { // login export interface LoginForm { userName: string, password: string } } export namespace System { export interface Info { path: string, routeName: string } export interface ResponseItem { code: number, items: Array<Sidebar>, success: boolean } export interface Sidebar { id: number, hashId: string | number, title: string, routeName: string, children: Array<SidebarItem>, } export interface SidebarItem { id: number, parentId: number, hashId: string | number, title: string, } } export const info = (params: System.Info) => { // response if (!params || !params.path) throw new Error('Params and params in path can not empty!') // 这里因为是全局的一个info,根据路由地址去请求侧边栏,所需不用把地址写死 return request.post<System.Sidebar>(params.path, { routeName: params.routeName }) }
Vue 文件中调用
<script lang="ts" setup name="Sidebar"> import { ref, reactive, onBeforeMount } from "vue" import { info } from "@/api" import { useRoute } from "vue-router" const route = useRoute(); let loading = ref<boolean>(false); let sidebar = ref<any>({}); const _fetch = async (): Promise<void> => { const routeName = route.name as string; const path = '/' + routeName.replace(routeName[0], routeName[0].toLocaleLowerCase()) + 'Info' try { loading.value = true; const res = await info({ path, routeName }); if (!res || !res.data) return; sidebar.value = res.data; } finally { loading.value = false } } onBeforeMount(() => { _fetch(); }) </script>
二、 mock.js 的依赖安装与处理
1. 安装依赖
# 安装 npm install mockjs --save
在 ts 中使用时,我们需要现在 shims-vue.d.ts 文件中去抛出模块,不然会出现引入报错的问题
/* eslint-disable */ declare module '*.vue' { import type { DefineComponent } from 'vue' const component: DefineComponent<{}, {}, any> export default component } declare module 'mockjs';
2. 新建 mock 所需的文件
index.ts(属于mockjs全局配置文件),mockjs/javaScript/index.ts(具体的数据文件),这两个需要关注,别的不用关注
1. 新建 mockjs/javaScript/index.ts(具体的数据文件)
因为我这里的数据主要是 侧边栏的数据,都是固定好的,所以并没有用到 mockjs 的规则生成数据
import { GlobalSidebar, Sidebar } from "../../sidebar"; namespace InfoSidebar { export type InfoSidebarParams = { body: string, type: string, url: string } } const dataSource: Array<GlobalSidebar> = [ { mainTitle: 'JavaScript基础问题梳理', mainSidebar: [ { id: 0, hashId: 'This', title: 'this指向', routeName: 'JsBasic', children: [ { id: 1, parentId: 0, hashId: 'GlobalFunction', title: '全局函数' }, { id: 2, parentId: 0, hashId: 'ObjectMethod', title: '对象方法' }, { id: 3, parentId: 0, hashId: 'Constructor', title: '构造函数' }, { id: 4, parentId: 0, hashId: 'SetTimeout', title: '定时器、回调函数' }, { id: 5, parentId: 0, hashId: 'EventFunction', title: '事件函数' }, { id: 6, parentId: 0, hashId: 'ArrowFunction', title: '箭头函数' }, { id: 7, parentId: 0, hashId: 'CallApplyBind', title: 'call、apply、bind' }, ] }, { id: 2, hashId: 'DeepClone', title: '深拷贝和浅拷贝', routeName: 'JsBasic', children: [] } ] }, ]; export default { name: 'jsBasicInfo', jsBasicInfo(params: InfoSidebar.InfoSidebarParams) { const param = JSON.parse(params.body) if (!param) throw new Error("Params can not empty!"); const data = dataSource.find((t: GlobalSidebar) => { return t.mainSidebar.filter((x: Sidebar) => { return x.routeName === param.routeName }) }) return { data, success: true, code: 200 } } }
Sidebar.ts
/** * @param { number } id Unique value * @param { string } hashId href Unique value * @param { string } title show current title * @param { string } routeName page find data */ interface GlobalSidebar { mainTitle: string, mainSidebar: Array<Sidebar> } interface Sidebar { id: number, hashId: string | number, title: string, routeName: string, children: Array<SidebarItem>, } interface SidebarItem { id: number, parentId: number, hashId: string | number, title: string, } export { GlobalSidebar, Sidebar, SidebarItem }
2. 新建 mockjs/index.ts
import Mock from "mockjs"; import jsBasicInfo from "./tpl/javaScript/index"; const requestMethod = 'post'; const BASE_URL = process.env.VUE_APP_BASE_API; const mocks = [jsBasicInfo]; for (let i of mocks) { Mock.mock(BASE_URL + '/' + i.name, requestMethod, i.jsBasicInfo); } export default Mock
3. main.ts 引入
import { createApp } from 'vue' import App from './App.vue' if(process.env.NODE_ENV == 'development'){ require('./mockjs/index') } const app = createApp(App); app.mount('#app');
三、结合使用
实际上就是刚刚调用axios 的那一段代码
<script lang="ts" setup name="Sidebar"> import { ref, reactive, onBeforeMount } from "vue" import { info } from "@/api" import { useRoute } from "vue-router" const route = useRoute(); let loading = ref<boolean>(false); let sidebar = ref<any>({}); const _fetch = async (): Promise<void> => { const routeName = route.name as string; const path = '/' + routeName.replace(routeName[0], routeName[0].toLocaleLowerCase()) + 'Info' try { loading.value = true; const res = await info({ path, routeName }); if (!res || !res.data) return; sidebar.value = res.data; } finally { loading.value = false } } onBeforeMount(() => { _fetch(); }) </script>