测试第四课,了解ESP32-C3的 I2C 总线使用,与SHT21 温湿度传感器通讯
这一课把基础介绍放在前面,先看基本流程,再去修改代码
前言
接下来的ESP32-C3 功能测试都是基于自己设计的开发板:
自己画一块ESP32-C3 的开发板(第一次使用立创EDA)(PCB到手)
开发环境是乐鑫官方的 ESP-IDF, 基于VScode插件搭建好的:
ESP32-C3 VScode开发环境搭建(基于乐鑫官方ESP-IDF——Windows和Ubuntu双环境)
在开发板上面,我画了一个 HTU21D I2C温湿度传感器(和 SHT21 pin to pin,驱动也一样),使用的是 GPIO3 (SDA)和GPIO10 (SCL):
示例程序我们选用i2c_self_test
,要注意这个示例的说明,下图中右边介绍这一部分,好好看看:
1、 ESP32-C3 I2C基础介绍
对于ESP32-C3 I2C的介绍,乐鑫的官网的说明链接如下:
国产的芯片终于遇到个中文资料了,呵呵~
ESP32-C3 只有一个 I2C接口,可做主机也可以做从机。
本文的测试以及说明是以 ESP23-C3 作为主机来说明
1.1 I2C初始化
根据官方文档,ESP32-C3 UART使用步骤如下:
- 设置参数,使用
i2c_config_t
结构体可以统一设置:
例如示例中:
示例中,最后使用了i2c_param_config
配置好I2C的所有参数,除了自己定义的,其他的参数会被配置成 I2C 总线协议规范中定义的默认值。
和 UART 一样,I2C的这些默认值 也可以使用一些函数对某些参数单独进行设置:
- 使用
i2c_driver_install
函数进行 I2C 设备的初始化,其中包括 端口好、通讯模式,发送接收缓存区, 中断标志:
以示例中的主机初始化为例:
1.2 I2C读写
- 完成,上述步骤以后,下面就可以发起通讯,在官方文档中的说明有一张流程图:
流程说明如下:
通过示例说明一下上述流程:
最后放一张官方介绍的 I2C 工作的整体流程图:
2、 I2C 示例测试 — SHT21驱动移植
通过示例工程i2c_self_test
创建好工程,通过上面的基础介绍和分析,基本上知道了I2C通讯的步骤和方式了,因为示例代码是与 BH1750
传感器进行的 通讯,所以这里示例代码是无法测试的,直接修改 SHT21 的代码。
2.1 驱动移植修改
因为SHT21驱动函数以前在 STM32上用过,这里就相当于移植过来,先把sht21.c
和sht21.h
文件放进来,当然得注意包含关系,宏定义等一些东西:
既然增加了驱动,所以代码就放在驱这两个文件里面,对于sht21.h
文件,宏定义放在此文件中,函数在sht21.c
文件中实现(下面会放源码),在此处声明 :
在 sht21.c
中的温湿度读取函数是如何实现的呢, 先来看一张 STH21 读取的时序图,是我在另一篇博文中写好的:
上图出自:nRF52832学习记录(十一、TWI总线的应用 SHT21程序移植)
这里我就直接上源码 :
#include "sht21.h"
struct {
sint16 value;
uint16 raw;
uint8 crc;
} aTemperature, aHumidity;
esp_err_t i2c_master_init(void)
{
int i2c_master_port = I2C_MASTER_NUM;
i2c_config_t conf = {
.mode = I2C_MODE_MASTER,
.sda_io_num = I2C_MASTER_SDA_IO,
.sda_pullup_en = GPIO_PULLUP_ENABLE,
.scl_io_num = I2C_MASTER_SCL_IO,
.scl_pullup_en = GPIO_PULLUP_ENABLE,
.master.clk_speed = I2C_MASTER_FREQ_HZ,
// .clk_flags = 0, /*!< Optional, you can use I2C_SCLK_SRC_FLAG_* flags to choose i2c source clock here. */
};
esp_err_t err = i2c_param_config(i2c_master_port, &conf);
if (err != ESP_OK) {
return err;
}
return i2c_driver_install(i2c_master_port, conf.mode, I2C_MASTER_RX_BUF_DISABLE, I2C_MASTER_TX_BUF_DISABLE, 0);
}
// fT = 175.72*u16T/65536.0 - 46.85;
// fRH = 125.0*u16RH/65536.0 - 6.0;
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
sint16 sht21_calcRH(uint16 u16RH)
{
sint16 humidityRH; // variable for result
u16RH &= ~0x0003; // clear bits [1..0] (status bits)
//-- calculate relative humidity [%RH] --
humidityRH = (sint16)(-600 + (12500*(sint32)u16RH)/65536 ); // RH = -6 + 125 * SRH/2^16
return humidityRH; // Return RH*100
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
sint16 sht21_calcTemperature(uint16 u16T)
{
sint16 temperature; // variable for result
u16T &= ~0x0003; // clear bits [1..0] (status bits)
//-- calculate temperature [癈] --
temperature= (sint16)(-4685 + (17572*(sint32)u16T)/65536); //T = -46.85 + 175.72 * ST/2^16
return temperature; //return T*100
}
// i2c_cmd_handle_t cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
// i2c_master_start(cmd);
// i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, BH1750_SENSOR_ADDR << 1 | WRITE_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
// i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, BH1750_CMD_START, ACK_CHECK_EN);
// i2c_master_stop(cmd);
// ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 1000 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
// i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
// if (ret != ESP_OK) {
// return ret;
// }
// vTaskDelay(30 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
// cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
// i2c_master_start(cmd);
// i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, BH1750_SENSOR_ADDR << 1 | READ_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
// i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, data_h, ACK_VAL);
// i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, data_l, NACK_VAL);
// i2c_master_stop(cmd);
// ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 1000 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
// i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
esp_err_t SHT2X_THMeasure(i2c_port_t i2c_num){
// uint8 u8Ack;
int ret;
uint8 t_value[3];
uint8 h_value[3];
#if (SHT2X_RESOLUTION != 0x00) // only needed if used resolution other than default
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (S)
// u8Ack = i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_WRITE); // write to slave 0x40
// u8Ack = (u8Ack<<1)|i2c_write(SHT2X_CMD_RD_REG); // request to read from user register
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (S)
// u8Ack = (u8Ack<<1)|i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_READ); // read from slave 0x40
// u8UserReg = i2c_read(I2C_NACK); // read user register
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (S)
// u8Ack = i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_WRITE); // write to slave 0x40
// u8Ack = (u8Ack<<1)|i2c_write(SHT2X_CMD_WR_REG); // request to write user register
// u8Ack = (u8Ack<<1)|i2c_write(SHT2X_RESOLUTION | (u8UserReg & ~0x81)); // write new user register data
i2c_cmd_handle_t cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
i2c_master_start(cmd);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1 | WRITE_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_CMD_WR_REG, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_stop(cmd);
ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 500 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
if (ret != ESP_OK) {
return ret;
}
#endif//(SHT2X_RESOLUTION != 0x00)
// --------------------
// measure temperature
// --------------------
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (S)
// u8Ack = i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_WRITE);//----IIC???(8?)???7??IIC????0x80(???HT2X_SLAVEADDRESS=0x40)???DATA???(?R:1 ,?WRITE?0) //a write to slave 0x40
// u8Ack = (u8Ack<<1)|i2c_write(SHT2X_CMD_MEAS_T); //----SHT2X_CMD_MEAS_T=0xF3(??????,???)//request to measure temperature
// i2c_stop();
i2c_cmd_handle_t cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
i2c_master_start(cmd);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1 | WRITE_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_CMD_MEAS_T, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_stop(cmd);
ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 500 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
if (ret != ESP_OK) {
return ret;
}
vTaskDelay(SHT2X_TEMP_MEAS_TIME / portTICK_RATE_MS);
// shortTermSleep(SHT2X_TEMP_MEAS_TIME);
// HAL_Delay(SHT2X_TEMP_MEAS_TIME);
// time_wait(SHT2X_TEMP_MEAS_TIME);
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (SR)
// u8Ack = i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_READ); //----IIC???(8?)???7??IIC????0x80(???HT2X_SLAVEADDRESS=0x40)???DATA???(?R:1 ,?WRITE?0) // a read from slave 0x40
cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
i2c_master_start(cmd);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS << 1 | READ_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, &t_value[0], ACK_VAL);
i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, &t_value[1], ACK_VAL);
i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, &t_value[2], NACK_VAL);
i2c_master_stop(cmd);
ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 500 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
// if(u8Ack==I2C_ACK) {
// aTemperature.raw = i2c_read(I2C_ACK)<<8; // read hi byte
// aTemperature.raw |= i2c_read(I2C_ACK); // read lo byte
// aTemperature.crc = i2c_read(I2C_NACK); // read check sum and finish transfere
// }else {
// aTemperature.raw = 0;
// }
// i2c_stop();
aTemperature.raw = t_value[0]<<8;
aTemperature.raw |= t_value[1];
aTemperature.crc = t_value[2];
// -------------------------
// Humidity Measure
// -------------------------
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (S)
// u8Ack = i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_WRITE); // a write to slave 0x40 1000 0000
// u8Ack = (u8Ack<<1)|i2c_write(SHT2X_CMD_MEAS_RH); // request to measure humidity F5 1110 0101
// i2c_stop();
cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
i2c_master_start(cmd);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1 | WRITE_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_CMD_MEAS_RH, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_stop(cmd);
ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 500 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
if (ret != ESP_OK) {
return ret;
}
// shortTermSleep(SHT2X_HUMI_MEAS_TIME);
// HAL_Delay(SHT2X_HUMI_MEAS_TIME);
vTaskDelay(SHT2X_HUMI_MEAS_TIME / portTICK_RATE_MS);
// i2c_start(); // send start sequence (SR)
// u8Ack = i2c_write((SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS<<1)|I2C_READ); // read from slave 0x40 1000 0001
cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create();
i2c_master_start(cmd);
i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, SHT2X_SLAVEADDRESS << 1 | READ_BIT, ACK_CHECK_EN);
i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, &h_value[0], ACK_VAL);
i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, &h_value[1], ACK_VAL);
i2c_master_read_byte(cmd, &h_value[2], NACK_VAL);
i2c_master_stop(cmd);
ret = i2c_master_cmd_begin(i2c_num, cmd, 500 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd);
// if(u8Ack==I2C_ACK) { // timeout
// aHumidity.raw = i2c_read(I2C_ACK)<<8; // read hi byte
// aHumidity.raw |= i2c_read(I2C_ACK); // read lo byte
// aHumidity.crc = i2c_read(I2C_NACK); // read check sum and finish transfere
// }else{
// aHumidity.raw = 0;
// }
// i2c_stop();
// PowerOff();
aHumidity.raw = h_value[0] <<8; // read hi byte
aHumidity.raw |= h_value[1]; // read lo byte
aHumidity.crc = h_value[2]; // read check sum and finish transfere
aTemperature.value = sht21_calcTemperature(aTemperature.raw);
aHumidity.value = sht21_calcRH(aHumidity.raw); // signed value, temperature = aTemperature.value * 0.01?
if(aTemperature.crc!= sht21_CRC((uint8*)&aTemperature.raw, 2)) {}
if(aHumidity.crc!= sht21_CRC((uint8*)&aHumidity.raw, 2)) {}
if(aTemperature.value>5100) aTemperature.value=5100; //prevent temperature over-/underflow
else if(aTemperature.value<0) aTemperature.value=0;
if(aHumidity.value>10000) aTemperature.value=10000; //prevent temperature over-/underflow
else if(aTemperature.value<0) aTemperature.value=0;
return ret;
}
uint16_t getTemperature() {
return aTemperature.value;
}
uint16_t getHumidity() {
return aHumidity.value;
}
//==============================================================================
uint8 sht21_CRC(uint8 value[], uint8 u8Bytes) {
// CRC
const uint16 POLYNOMIAL = 0x131; //P(x)=x^8+x^5+x^4+1 = 100110001
uint8 crc = 0;
uint8 byteCtr;
uint8 bitCtr;
//calculates 8-Bit checksum with given polynomial
for (byteCtr = 0; byteCtr < u8Bytes; ++byteCtr) {
crc ^= (value[byteCtr]);
for (bitCtr = 8; bitCtr > 0; --bitCtr)
{
if (crc & 0x80) crc = (crc << 1) ^ POLYNOMIAL;
else crc = (crc << 1);
}
}
return crc;
}
2.2 测试
最后只需要在任务中调用SHT2X_THMeasure
函数即可:
可以看一下整体,i2c_example_main.c
文件简单明了多了:
测试结果如下,正常: