对称加密 DES
Data Encryption Standard
可以被暴力破解
加密：明文 + 秘钥 -> DES加密 -> 密文 解密：密文 + 秘钥 -> DES解密 -> 明文
对称加密 Triple-DES
3次DES,性能较差
对称加密 AES
Advance Encryption Standard
安全的
加密：字节替换 -> 列移动 -> 混合列 -> 与秘钥进行XOR 解密：字节替换 <- 列移动 <- 混合列 <- 与秘钥进行XOR
DES代码实例
<?php // 查看可用方法 // $ciphers = openssl_get_cipher_methods(); // var_dump($ciphers); // 获取一定长度的秘钥 $key = uniqid(); var_dump($key); $md5_key = md5($key); var_dump($md5_key); $vi = substr($md5_key, 0, 8); var_dump($vi); $data = "hello world"; $method = "DES-CBC"; // 加密数据 $content = openssl_encrypt($data, $method, $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $vi); var_dump($content); // 解密数据 $content = openssl_decrypt($content, $method, $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $vi); var_dump($content);
RSA非对称加密
# 公钥加密 密文 = 明文 E次方 mod N 公钥 = {E, N} # 私钥解密 明文 = 密文 D次方 mod N 私钥 = {D, N}
缺点：运算速度慢
RSA代码示例
<?php // 秘钥对生成网址：http://web.chacuo.net/netrsakeypair $public = '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA0HOTvtgR3rSeaun7RaGl ECy2DCGVEd2fxCI8/MomgJoHYonpomtk8LzFC6UXApEzBK9Qe05x30cHMI0ejNtI y9EtCkhgpVe8SDWA6volZjBZSOzF5FZmnMG+LV2eL60TnSHFeVGEl/qQxqM1143d w4+Ymza+adfFDU2xBMobw5q37++9qwj8mrtviP7P8I+dOVNSCt/qIct+GdcBHSl/ N8V0XLmFnjPUiNGI90moeTMFUR5JQG7wxipsU4O/b2Ik92/2EpJ4/dnJBEKhsA9Z Wedo0YOWXr0F7dO4xUfYqVvqdR0J67Meb4ah2mFBGLbaJ3I276QelBWvM13Mp+lA EQIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY-----'; $private = '-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDQc5O+2BHetJ5q 6ftFoaUQLLYMIZUR3Z/EIjz8yiaAmgdiiemia2TwvMULpRcCkTMEr1B7TnHfRwcw jR6M20jL0S0KSGClV7xINYDq+iVmMFlI7MXkVmacwb4tXZ4vrROdIcV5UYSX+pDG ozXXjd3Dj5ibNr5p18UNTbEEyhvDmrfv772rCPyau2+I/s/wj505U1IK3+ohy34Z 1wEdKX83xXRcuYWeM9SI0Yj3Sah5MwVRHklAbvDGKmxTg79vYiT3b/YSknj92ckE QqGwD1lZ52jRg5ZevQXt07jFR9ipW+p1HQnrsx5vhqHaYUEYttoncjbvpB6UFa8z Xcyn6UARAgMBAAECggEBAJpv9tefJ+YzNWeKwUJ+l1ebeKkWPGaHJ3Zd04eKkeoX tD76ZKGUJa4CfY66GokpYH4pEVy56r381sPO2gKL+Kwg5tjGdOwrS3DISyJMgGbs jUntOlSI+u9Kz4a25Jr4BR8WxUKz9aPP3XF9vEdecR4RhoQAlCTA2tqXY/5jaxyI bs6+kpN7hnKFMCQJ/T7/9UrIaNR9L3mcrQwjpcGBHPx7I2vZtkENMVh6D67ecEo0 i7g116/VexST9XKD1EJXdLlkmbx2YPSyKMnNQxRqWtazSXtMz9FaEMzMzXxwI4vQ h7JW8LYYosI8hbrToj1AfQsbfl08WI+cnPZptPssUT0CgYEA8+P1cND+OHEMh73K 9HhoJN4rCBxdB7WJAlo7+WvmI5UTKnb4Vwx24Jm2KkAqFZYnrWInARyCjEK2EqBS 4jTiBCWKoG7fYd0YE+M3vOGZ/t8FMeSZLbBf0dcBqDbF8sp7x/SiTUGG8npED/5J mJT9os6TsRMoCKFDkKhf3gTrYSMCgYEA2s0pI2UQO+ysWvu76339V6RzP4ZJdT5i Tc+uwoNJ6gisitOovRfhdOiT29AxXKbh1Eib7ug6jlVpIXJQGVEcJIGPGq2dxZ3f 7Rx/XHAzsfw65nCJ80O4bjZkxFPT8P7c04hxUKI29wuSPEgzUnGVLDbKgwKlzUOK NNbz5ZL4/zsCgYA8F+seBSDen1xLBgS///sJOoS31uVFRQGhRsKIToHCOrUiPXYr XLLd3IH6Hx0/fGQCYLDjoTa5gKaEKGTDv+wAwY9KwIbiAiwwmkfdjmj3V9Rb2suz akXx2lxaKkTT8fhV6H0lNAQgMugaWLmhkvR77RKPCv1OQw320sXsWqH0qQKBgFQK AQcLRlT97qVzkxY8ahZDn9CCb6yMrY1de65SZw1xD3SzH1ih14Lj4gbHzG3d21eC HAKDSBprS9oA4isXMEwFR0Xj8Xl5zgxwqaqDnhd63dSs3Q+Gr0wFsGaIHBuwiHjn Kz7hT2NMGnr08GF2Jum4kcgIOE7C5k6tUTiYXvMJAoGBAIc+TEvBmnjPrupmToCI OCFvUJtKrlEPACHU2Vut/g33/oVartWB4+6Wlmb57cfDdnHZRUNTom/BkGC4WDfa d30Sc5hqeAINZD6557JkR/ZmIVgN90QFNCSJWOirYNzsLDlF0v6Weun6yQlygGim +Ck7L+QHMgFEQQCYFd6ET5Cl -----END PRIVATE KEY-----'; // 公钥加密 $content = "hello world"; $encrypt = ""; $ret = openssl_private_encrypt($content, $encrypt, $private); var_dump($ret); var_dump($encrypt); // bool(true) string(256) ... // 私钥解密 $decrypt = ""; $ret = openssl_public_decrypt($encrypt, $decrypt, $public); var_dump($ret); var_dump($decrypt); // bool(true) string(11) "hello world"
中间人攻击
使用https较为安全
hash函数
md5() -> 32位唯一字符串
可以被撞库反解
数字签名
综合实践
rsa aes md5签名
ak appkey
sk secretkey
先通过客户端代码获取url，在访问服务端，服务端会进行校验，并返回结果
客户端代码
<?php $public = '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA0HOTvtgR3rSeaun7RaGl ECy2DCGVEd2fxCI8/MomgJoHYonpomtk8LzFC6UXApEzBK9Qe05x30cHMI0ejNtI y9EtCkhgpVe8SDWA6volZjBZSOzF5FZmnMG+LV2eL60TnSHFeVGEl/qQxqM1143d w4+Ymza+adfFDU2xBMobw5q37++9qwj8mrtviP7P8I+dOVNSCt/qIct+GdcBHSl/ N8V0XLmFnjPUiNGI90moeTMFUR5JQG7wxipsU4O/b2Ik92/2EpJ4/dnJBEKhsA9Z Wedo0YOWXr0F7dO4xUfYqVvqdR0J67Meb4ah2mFBGLbaJ3I276QelBWvM13Mp+lA EQIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY-----'; // 1、参数编码 $appkey = "123"; $secretkey = "abc"; $url = "http://127.0.0.1:8009/server.php?"; $params["appkey"] = $appkey; $params["name"] = "Tom"; $params["password"] = "123456"; $params["time"] = time(); $queryString = http_build_query($params); // 2、参数生成签名 $sign = getSign($params, $secretkey); $queryString .="&sign=" . $sign; // 3、公钥加密 $encrypt = ""; openssl_public_encrypt($queryString, $encrypt, $public); $encrypt = urlencode($encrypt); $url .= "q=" . $encrypt; var_dump($url); // http://127.0.0.1:8009/server.php? // appkey=123 // name=Tom // password=123456 // time=1560870998 // sign=2f8c18c6bf072f6310375a66e7082648 function getSign($params, $secretkey){ ksort($params); // 按键排序 $q = http_build_query($params); $q .= $secretkey; return md5($q); }
服务端代码
<?php // 服务器端 $private = '-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDQc5O+2BHetJ5q 6ftFoaUQLLYMIZUR3Z/EIjz8yiaAmgdiiemia2TwvMULpRcCkTMEr1B7TnHfRwcw jR6M20jL0S0KSGClV7xINYDq+iVmMFlI7MXkVmacwb4tXZ4vrROdIcV5UYSX+pDG ozXXjd3Dj5ibNr5p18UNTbEEyhvDmrfv772rCPyau2+I/s/wj505U1IK3+ohy34Z 1wEdKX83xXRcuYWeM9SI0Yj3Sah5MwVRHklAbvDGKmxTg79vYiT3b/YSknj92ckE QqGwD1lZ52jRg5ZevQXt07jFR9ipW+p1HQnrsx5vhqHaYUEYttoncjbvpB6UFa8z Xcyn6UARAgMBAAECggEBAJpv9tefJ+YzNWeKwUJ+l1ebeKkWPGaHJ3Zd04eKkeoX tD76ZKGUJa4CfY66GokpYH4pEVy56r381sPO2gKL+Kwg5tjGdOwrS3DISyJMgGbs jUntOlSI+u9Kz4a25Jr4BR8WxUKz9aPP3XF9vEdecR4RhoQAlCTA2tqXY/5jaxyI bs6+kpN7hnKFMCQJ/T7/9UrIaNR9L3mcrQwjpcGBHPx7I2vZtkENMVh6D67ecEo0 i7g116/VexST9XKD1EJXdLlkmbx2YPSyKMnNQxRqWtazSXtMz9FaEMzMzXxwI4vQ h7JW8LYYosI8hbrToj1AfQsbfl08WI+cnPZptPssUT0CgYEA8+P1cND+OHEMh73K 9HhoJN4rCBxdB7WJAlo7+WvmI5UTKnb4Vwx24Jm2KkAqFZYnrWInARyCjEK2EqBS 4jTiBCWKoG7fYd0YE+M3vOGZ/t8FMeSZLbBf0dcBqDbF8sp7x/SiTUGG8npED/5J mJT9os6TsRMoCKFDkKhf3gTrYSMCgYEA2s0pI2UQO+ysWvu76339V6RzP4ZJdT5i Tc+uwoNJ6gisitOovRfhdOiT29AxXKbh1Eib7ug6jlVpIXJQGVEcJIGPGq2dxZ3f 7Rx/XHAzsfw65nCJ80O4bjZkxFPT8P7c04hxUKI29wuSPEgzUnGVLDbKgwKlzUOK NNbz5ZL4/zsCgYA8F+seBSDen1xLBgS///sJOoS31uVFRQGhRsKIToHCOrUiPXYr XLLd3IH6Hx0/fGQCYLDjoTa5gKaEKGTDv+wAwY9KwIbiAiwwmkfdjmj3V9Rb2suz akXx2lxaKkTT8fhV6H0lNAQgMugaWLmhkvR77RKPCv1OQw320sXsWqH0qQKBgFQK AQcLRlT97qVzkxY8ahZDn9CCb6yMrY1de65SZw1xD3SzH1ih14Lj4gbHzG3d21eC HAKDSBprS9oA4isXMEwFR0Xj8Xl5zgxwqaqDnhd63dSs3Q+Gr0wFsGaIHBuwiHjn Kz7hT2NMGnr08GF2Jum4kcgIOE7C5k6tUTiYXvMJAoGBAIc+TEvBmnjPrupmToCI OCFvUJtKrlEPACHU2Vut/g33/oVartWB4+6Wlmb57cfDdnHZRUNTom/BkGC4WDfa d30Sc5hqeAINZD6557JkR/ZmIVgN90QFNCSJWOirYNzsLDlF0v6Weun6yQlygGim +Ck7L+QHMgFEQQCYFd6ET5Cl -----END PRIVATE KEY-----'; // 1、获取参数之后使用私钥解密 $q = $_GET["q"]; $decrypt = ""; openssl_private_decrypt($q, $decrypt, $private); // 2、将字符串格式的参数转为数组 $params = []; parse_str($decrypt, $params); // 3、时间检验，控制url存活时间 if(abs($params["time"] - time()) >= 60){ echo "页面超时"; die; } // 4、比对签名是否正确 $sign = getSign($params); if ($sign != $params["sign"]){ echo "error"; die; } echo "success"; function getSign($params){ // 可以配置多个秘钥对 $config = [ "123" => "abc" ]; unset($params["sign"]); ksort($params); $q = http_build_query($params); return md5($q . $config[$params["appkey"]]); }
本文为课程笔记整理：
