MySQL的各种安装方式都给你（上）

2022-05-31 249

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简介： MySQL的各种安装方式都给你（上）

一、MySQL 安装简介

1.1 Linux 环境安装MySQL

在 Linux 下可以使用如下 3 种方式来安装：
a.RPM （Redhat Package Manage）：安装简单，适合初学者学习使用，
一台服务器只能安装一个 MySQL，Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux
b.二进制（ Binary Package）：安装简单；可以安装到任何路径下，灵活性好；
一台服务器可以安装多个 MySQL，Linux - Generic
c.源码（ Source Package）：在实际安装的操作系统进行可根据需，要定制编译，最灵活；性能最好；
一台服务器可以安装多个 MySQL，Source Code

1.2 Windows环境安装MySQL

在 Linux 下可以使用如下2 种方式来安装：
a.迷你版安装MySQL,图形化界面引导，安装简单，部署便捷，一台服务器可以部署多个MySQL
b.二进制安装，安装包解压后，命令直接部署，一台服务器可以部署多个MySQL

二、Linux 环境安装各个版本MySQL

注：以下安装均来自客户真实环境Linux服务器部署

详细过程可观看CSDN发布的视频教程：

MySQL数据库安装实战

2.1 Linux环境RPM包安装MySQL

OS环境：CentOS7.3

MySQL版本：8.0.27

2.1.1 MySQL RPM包下载

官网下载地址：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.1.2 yum安装依赖包

本地yum源配置请参考CSDN博客：

Linux配置本地yum源，高效便捷:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41645135/article/details/120557997

yum -y install lrzsz wget perl-Digest-MD5
yum -y install numactl
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison gcc gcc-c++ make

2.1.3 添加用户及组

[root@jeames ~]# groupadd mysql
删除组:groupdel users
--用户加到组并指定根目录
[root@jeames ~]# useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
删除用户:userdel mysql
[root@jeames ~]# passwd mysql
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2.1.4 安装Mysql

[root@jeames ~]# md5sum mysql-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
edf4d0f95867f62cdcc97b7349bedc59  mysql-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@jeames ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /home/mysql/
## 必须安装的四个RPM包
mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 是客户端的安装包
mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm   是服务端的安装包
## 授权
root@jeames ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/
## 安装
注：root用户下操作
[root@jeames ~]# cd /home/mysql/
装顺序：包之间相互依赖，所以必须注意安装顺序
✓ 先装 common 
✓ 再装 libs
确保 mariadb 已卸载，centos7 默认支持 mariadb，不支持 mysql，不卸载会出现冲突
✓  再装 client
✓ 最后装 server
[root@jeames mysql]# rpm -ivh  mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@jeames mysql]# rpm -ivh --force --nodeps mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@jeames mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
[root@jeames mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

2.1.5 初始化

详细的三个坑处理方法请参考以下CSDN博客：

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41645135/article/details/121479650

CentOS7.3部署Mysql8.0.27全过程，RPM包安装各种坑的处理```

初始化的时候会有三个坑
第一个抗：
[root@jeames mysql]# mysqld --initialize
mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: 
No such file or directory
第二个坑：
GLIBCXX版本太低报错
第三个坑：
mysqld: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by mysqld)
mysqld: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.18' not found (required by /lib64/libstdc++.so.6)
注意：以上操作之后重启服务器后然后再初始化Mysql
[root@jeames mysql]# mysqld --initialize

2.1.6 启动MySQL

[root@jeames ~]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R
[root@jeames ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@jeames ~]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@jeames ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@jeames ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

2.1.7 远程登陆

mysql> create user root@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;

2.2 Linux 环境二进制安装MySQL

OS环境：RHEL7.6

MySQL版本：8.0.27

2.2.1 MySQL二进制包下载

官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.2.2 yum安装依赖包

本地yum源配置请参考CSDN博客：

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41645135/article/details/120557997

Linux配置本地yum源，高效便捷

[root@rhel76 ~]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison gcc gcc-c++ make

2.2.3 卸载MariaDB

[root@rhel76 ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@rhel76 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

2.2.4 安装 MySQL

## 用户及目录创建
注：可以部署多个实例，通过端口区分root 用户操作：
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306
mkdir -p /mysql/app/
mkdir -p /mysql/conf/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/pid/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/log/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/relaylog/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/slowlog/
mkdir -p /mysql/data/mysql3306/tmp/
## 用户及组
[root@rhel76 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@rhel76 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@rhel76 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql
[root@rhel76 ~]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:1001:
[root@rhel76 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
## 上传软件包并解压
[root@rhel76 ~]# cp mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /mysql/app
[root@rhel76 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql
mysql用户操作
[root@rhel76 ~]# su - mysql
md5 值验证，保证下载到的软件包无破损无木马
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ cd /mysql/app
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ ll
total 1168588
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1196633756 Nov 24 00:49 mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ md5sum mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
0bdd171cb8464ba32f65f7bf58bc9533  mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
解压软件包并重命名
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ tar xvf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ mv mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql8.0.27
[mysql@rhel76 app]$ ll
total 1168588
drwxrwxr-x 9 mysql mysql        129 Nov 24 00:54 mysql8.0.27
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1196633756 Nov 24 00:49 mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.2.5 环境变量配置

cat >> /home/mysql/.bash_profile << "EOF"
MYSQL_HOME=/mysql/app/mysql8.0.27
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
EOF
source ~/.bash_profile
which mysql

2.2.6 创建参数文件

由于是二进制文件安装，数据库参数文件需要自己配置
cat >> /mysql/conf/my3306.cnf << "EOF"
[mysqld]
server_id = 80273306
default-storage-engine= InnoDB
basedir=/mysql/app/mysql8.0.27
datadir=/mysql/data/mysql3306/data/
socket=/mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/data/mysql3306/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/mysql/data/mysql3306/pid/mysqld.pid
port=3306
default-time_zone='+8:00'
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password # 加此参数可远程登陆
transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED
max_connections=1500
back_log=500
wait_timeout=1800
max_user_connections=800
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=512M
innodb_log_buffer_size=40M
slow_query_log=ON
long_query_time=5
# log settings #
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file = /mysql/data/mysql3306/slowlog/slow3306.log
log_error = /mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog/err3306.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
log_bin = /mysql/data/mysql3306/binlog/mysql_bin
log_bin_index = /mysql/data/mysql3306/binlog/mysql_binlog.index
general_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/generallog/general.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
expire_logs_days = 90
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 2592000      #30d
long_query_time = 2
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 1000
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
EOF

2.2.7 数据库初始化

mysql用户操作：
mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/conf/my3306.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/mysql/app/mysql8.0.27 --datadir=/mysql/data/mysql3306/data/
注意：以上同一行执行

2.2.8 启动MySQL

[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mysql/conf/my3306.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 21406
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ 2021-11-24T06:14:23.240372Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog/err3306.log'.
2021-11-24T06:14:23.296992Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mysql/data/mysql3306/data

2.2.9 登陆MySQL

第一次登录 MySQL 时，需要到错误日志下找初始化密码，我这里的密码为：-(Qy5Aj9t,=a
使用 socket 加密码登录进去后，无法查询任何东西，提示先要修改 root 密码。
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ cat /mysql/data/mysql3306/errlog/err3306.log | grep password
2021-11-24T06:12:14.610657Z 0 [Note] [MY-010309] [Server] Auto generated RSA key files through --sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys are placed in data directory.
2021-11-24T06:12:14.610686Z 0 [Note] [MY-010308] [Server] Skipping generation of RSA key pair through --caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys as key files are present in data directory.
2021-11-24T06:12:14.615367Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -(Qy5Aj9t,=a
2021-11-24T06:14:26.153958Z 0 [Note] [MY-010308] [Server] Skipping generation of RSA key pair through --sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys as key files are present in data directory.
2021-11-24T06:14:26.153979Z 0 [Note] [MY-010308] [Server] Skipping generation of RSA key pair through --caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys as key files are present in data directory.
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' 
此处通过sock登陆
[mysql@rhel76 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p  -P 3306 -S /mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> status
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

2.2.10 修改密码

mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> status
--------------mysql  Ver 8.0.27 for Linux on x86_64
 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
 Connection id:          8Current database:
 Current user:           
 root@localhostSSL:                    
 Not in useCurrent pager:          
 stdoutUsing outfile:          ''Using delimiter:        ;
 Server version:         8.0.27Protocol version:       
 10Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socketServer 
 characterset:    utf8mb4Db     
 characterset:    utf8mb4Client characterset:    utf8mb4Conn.  
 characterset:    utf8mb4UNIX 
 socket:            /mysql/data/mysql3306/socket/mysql.sockBinary data as:         HexadecimalUptime:                 8 min 0 
 secThreads: 2  Questions: 7  
 Slow queries: 0  Opens: 398  Flush tables: 3  
 Open tables: 36  Queries per second avg: 0.014--------------

MySQL的各种安装方式都给你（上）

一、MySQL 安装简介

1.1 Linux 环境安装MySQL

1.2 Windows环境安装MySQL

二、Linux 环境安装各个版本MySQL

2.1 Linux环境RPM包安装MySQL

2.1.1 MySQL RPM包下载

2.1.2 yum安装依赖包

2.1.3 添加用户及组

2.1.4 安装Mysql

2.1.5 初始化

2.1.6 启动MySQL

2.1.7 远程登陆

2.2 Linux 环境二进制安装MySQL

2.2.1 MySQL二进制包下载

2.2.2 yum安装依赖包

2.2.3 卸载MariaDB

2.2.4 安装 MySQL

2.2.5 环境变量配置

2.2.6 创建参数文件

2.2.7 数据库初始化

2.2.8 启动MySQL

2.2.9 登陆MySQL

2.2.10 修改密码

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MySQL的各种安装方式都给你（上）

一、MySQL 安装简介

1.1 Linux 环境安装MySQL

1.2 Windows环境安装MySQL

二、Linux 环境安装各个版本MySQL

2.1 Linux环境RPM包安装MySQL

2.1.1 MySQL RPM包下载

2.1.2 yum安装依赖包

2.1.3 添加用户及组

2.1.4 安装Mysql

2.1.5 初始化

2.1.6 启动MySQL

2.1.7 远程登陆

2.2 Linux 环境二进制安装MySQL

2.2.1 MySQL二进制包下载

2.2.2 yum安装依赖包

2.2.3 卸载MariaDB

2.2.4 安装 MySQL

2.2.5 环境变量配置

2.2.6 创建参数文件

2.2.7 数据库初始化

2.2.8 启动MySQL

2.2.9 登陆MySQL

2.2.10 修改密码

热门文章

最新文章

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