Nginx负载均衡
1.Nginx负载均衡概述
web服务器,直接面向用户,往往要承载大量并发请求,单台服务器难以负荷,我使用多台web服务器组成集群,前端使用Nginx负载均衡,将请求分散的转发到我们后端服务器集群中,实现负载的分发,那么会大大提升系统的吞吐率、请求性能、高容灾
之前在负载均衡调度器这里采用lvs的比较多,由于lvs只能实现对四层传输层的负载均衡,也就是说只能基于ip和端口号进行转发,假如有很多集群,比如01集群、02集群,端口号都是80,无法进行区分,lvs无法基于这种应用名称来转发进行负载均衡,因此就有了Nginx负载均衡,Nginx负载均衡既可以实现对四层的负载又可以实现对七层的负载,可以根据ip端口也可以根据应用名称来转发。
1.1.负载均衡原理
在之前一直认为负载均衡是当第一个用户连接过来就转发给web01,第二个用户连接过来就转发给web02,其实这是错误的,虽然有2个用户在连接,但是只会产生一个TCP连接,因为负载均衡池是一个整体,负载均衡是根据http请求来转发进行负载的,比如一个页面共有10个http请求,第一个http请求会转发给web01,第二个http请求转发给web02,也就是web01承担1,3,5,7,9的http请求,web02承担2,4,6,8,10的http请求,分工合作,当负载均衡服务器池的节点越多,页面访问的速度就会越快。
2.Nginx常用的云平台介绍
阿里云 SLB
腾讯云 CLB
青云 QLB
ucloud ULB
3.Nginx四层与七层的区别
Nginx负载均衡按层划分
二层:基于mac地址
三层:基于ip地址
四层:基于ip和端口号
七层:基于应用协议
四层负载均衡:IP地址、TCP/UDP、端口号
七层负载均衡:HTTP、HTTPS、FTP、SMTP
下图为企业较为常用的负载拓步架构
首先用户发送请求首先会被转发到四层负载均衡上,因为访问网站都是基于域名加端口的,四层就满足了访问条件,然后在根据请求的内容转发到七层负载上,七层负载再根据请求的类型转发到不同的后端web集群,四层和七层也可以在一台服务器上,使用Nginx就可以实现这种架构
4.Nginx负载均衡配置
4.1.Nginx负载均衡配置参数
- Nginx upstream虚拟配置语法
- 语法格式:upstream name {…}
- 默认配置:-
- 配置区域:http
upstream例子
upstream backend { server backend1.example.com weight=5; server backend2.example.com; server unix:/tmp/backend3; server backup1.example.com:8080 backup; } server { location / { proxy_pass http://backend; } }
4.2.web单站点负载均衡配置
4.2.1.环境规划4.2.2.配置web节点服务器
web01配置 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web/web01 [root@localhost ~]# echo "web02 172.16.1.20" >/web/web01/index.html [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@www conf.d]# rename .conf .conf.bak *.conf [root@www conf.d]# vim web01.conf server { listen 80; server_name web.com; location / { root /web/web01; index index.html; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx web02配置 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web/web02 [root@localhost ~]# echo "web02 172.16.1.30" >/web/web02/index.html [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@localhost conf.d]# rename .conf .conf.bak *.conf [root@localhost conf.d]# vim web02.conf server { listen 80; server_name web.com; location / { root /web/web02; index index.html; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx web03配置 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web/web03 [root@localhost ~]# echo "web03 172.16.1.40" >/web/web03/index.html [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@localhost conf.d]# rename .conf .conf.bak *.conf [root@localhost conf.d]# vim web03.conf server { listen 80; server_name web.com; root /web/web03; index index.html; } [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
4.2.3.配置负载均衡服务器
[root@localhost conf.d]# rename .conf .conf.bak *.conf [root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; } server { listen 80; server_name web.com; location / { proxy_pass http://web_lb; } } 重载 [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 验证效果,会发现每次都会把http请求转发到不同服务器 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web01 172.16.1.20 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web02 172.16.1.30 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web03 172.16.1.40 配置文件讲解 首先用upstream定义一个虚拟服务器池也就是定义一个集群,服务器池的名字可以自己定义,这里定义的名字是web_lb,里面用server指定成员服务器地址,当用户访问http://web.com时(如果使用ip访问,那么server_name就写localhost),会跳转到刚刚定义的虚拟服务器池web_lb
4.3.web多站点负载均衡配置
4.3.1.配置web节点服务器
两个站点:web.com shangmei.com
3个web服务器在上一小节已经配置过一个站点了,现在配置第二个站点,为了验证负载均衡的原理,我们找一个http请求特别多的页面,在对比他们的访问速度,就用尚美的首页 web01配置 1.将网站源码拷贝过来 [root@www ~]# scp -r root@192.168.81.210:/web/shangmei /web/ 2.创建站点配置文件 [root@www conf.d]# vim shangmei.conf server { listen 80; server_name shangmei.com; location / { root /web/shangmei; index index.html; } } 3.重载 [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 由于其他节点配置一致,直接scp就可以 小技巧集群配置多机配置一致,可以直接scp,避免出错 在web02、web03上执行,获取网站源代码 [root@localhost conf.d]# scp -r root@192.168.81.210:/web/shangmei /web/ 在web01上执行,将配置文件传到其他节点服务器,在重载一下即可 [root@www conf.d]# scp shangmei.conf root@192.168.81.230:/etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@www conf.d]# scp shangmei.conf root@192.168.81.240:/etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@www conf.d]# ssh 192.168.81.230 'systemctl reload nginx' [root@www conf.d]# ssh 192.168.81.240 'systemctl reload nginx'
4.3.2.配置负载均衡服务器
由于web服务器上有多个站点,因此需要配置请求头 upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; } server { listen 80; server_name web.com; location / { proxy_pass http://web_lb; proxy_set_header HOST $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffering on; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 4 128k; } } server { listen 80; server_name shangmei.com; location / { proxy_pass http://web_lb; proxy_set_header HOST $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffering on; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 4 128k; } } 重载nginx [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx 配置完成后遇到点小问题,访问各自域名,居然都请求到一个站点,排查发现web.com的配置文件节点域名写的是web01-03.com与负载均衡配置的web.com对应不上,因此只能访问到尚美
4.3.3.效果
web.com配置负载后访问结果
4.4.负载均衡日志配置
获取后端真实服务器地址
1.编辑nginx.conf,修改log_format增加upstream_addr变量,可以获得后端真实服务器ip [root@localhost conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf log_format main '$remote_addr - $http_host - $remote_user [$time_local] $http_host $msec "$request" $request_time ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $upstream_addr'; 2.修改负载均衡配置文件,在server中指定日志格式 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf server { access_log /nginx_log/lb_web_com_access.log main; } 3.重载服务 [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 4.日志追踪,发现最后一列就是真实服务器ip地址 [root@localhost conf.d]# tail -f /nginx_log/lb_web_com_access.log 192.168.81.1 - web.com - - [19/Apr/2020:20:12:36 +0800] web.com 1587298356.201 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 0.112 200 18 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.80 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.16.1.20:80 192.168.81.1 - web.com - - [19/Apr/2020:20:12:42 +0800] web.com 1587298362.831 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 0.002 200 18 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.80 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.16.1.30:80 192.168.81.1 - web.com - - [19/Apr/2020:20:12:45 +0800] web.com 1587298365.727 "GET / HTTP/1.1" 0.015 200 18 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.80 Safari/537.36" "-" 172.16.1.40:80
5.Nginx负载均衡后端状态
后端web服务器在前端Nginx负载均衡调度中的状态
5.1.donw状态
当调度转态配置为down表示这台服务器不在进行负载均衡,退出虚拟服务器池,也就是不参与任何调度,一般用于停机维护
配置非常简单,只需要在服务器地址后面加上调度状态即可 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80 down; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; } [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 验证效果 172.16.1.20已不再接受负载分配 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web02 172.16.1.30 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web03 172.16.1.40 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web02 172.16.1.30
5.2.backup状态
当负载调度状态配置为backup表示这台服务器为备份状态,当其他服务器异常宕机后,这台服务器会转换成活跃服务器接替坏的服务器提供服务,当活跃服务器恢复后,备份服务器就不在提供服务
将172.16.1.20配置为备份机器 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80 backup; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; } 重载 [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 效果: 也是只有这两台在工作 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web02 172.16.1.30 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web03 172.16.1.40 当这两台宕机后,172.16.1.20开始工作 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl web.com web01 172.16.1.20 当172.16.1.30、40服务器恢复后,20将继续承担备份角色不在提高服务
5.3.max_fails状态
max_fails状态表示请求失败的次数,也就是在规定次数内没有请求成功就将此服务器的状态设置为down
将172.16.1.20设置请求失败次数为1,一次失败后就将调度状态设置为down [roo@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80 max_fails=1; server 172.16.1.30:80 down; server 172.16.1.40:80; } 重载 [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 验证效果 将172.16.1.20的nginx停掉 然后跟踪error.log即可看到效果 [root@localhost conf.d]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log 2020/04/20 10:10:45 [error] 22502#22502: *2 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.81.1, server: web.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://172.16.1.20:80/", host: "web.com"
5.4.fail_timeout状态
fail_timeout状态通常和max_fails一起使用,表示当请求失败后,多少秒后再去重试,类似健康检查
将失败次数设置为3,等待是时间设置为10秒 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s; server 172.16.1.30:80 down; server 172.16.1.40:80; } 重载 [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 验证效果 可以发现两条日志中间差了10秒 [root@localhost conf.d]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log 2020/04/20 10:34:11 [error] 23235#23235: *157 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.81.1, server: web.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://172.16.1.20:80/", host: "web.com" 2020/04/20 10:34:22 [error] 23235#23235: *157 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.81.1, server: web.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://172.16.1.20:80/", host: "web.com"
5.5.max_conns状态
max_conns表示设置最大tcp连接数
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_web.conf upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80 max_conns=1; }
6.Nginx负载均衡算法
Nginx负载均衡调度算法ip_hash详解
ip_hash有两个点,一个是session一个是cookies,session是基于服务器端,表示会话保持,cookies是基于客户端比如浏览器缓存,当用户访问网站时,负载均衡将请求转发给web01,用户名密码会保存到web01上生成一个session,当转发给web02时有需要重新登录,显然不是我们想要的效果,这时就可以设置ip_hash,让用户始终访问同一台服务器
session最好的办法是开发人员在网站加上一个功能,允许将会话保存在浏览器上,也可以把session通过redis写入数据库里
6.1.轮询具体配置
默认配置
upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; }
6.2.weight加权轮询具体配置
upstream web_lb { server 172.16.1.20:80 weight=5; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; }
会看到20的负载最多
6.3.ip_hash具体配置
ip_hash不能与weight一起使用
如果客户端都走相同的代理,会导致某一台服务器连接过多
upstream web_lb { ip_hash; server 172.16.1.20:80; server 172.16.1.30:80; server 172.16.1.40:80; }
会看到同一台主机一直都会请求同一个后端服务器
7.Nginx负载均衡综合案例-wp
部署基于LNMP平台的wordpress博客应用并通过负载均衡来实现负载调度,提供访问速度
7.1.环境规划
内部服务器之间统一使用172网段的ip进行通信
7.2.部署MySQL
1.下载MySQL官方扩展源 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm 2.安装完mysqlrpm后会在/etc/yum.repos.d中生成两个文件 root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/my* /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo 3.安装mysql5.6 把mysql5.6包下载下来,然后方便下次使用(有条件的可以直接yum装) [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server 4.启动 [root@localhost soft]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost soft]# systemctl enable mysqld 5.登录 [root@localhost ~]# mysql 6.修改密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 123 7.允许其他服务器远程连接mysql 首先在mysql服务器执行: mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123' with grant option; mysql> flush privileges; 8.创建wordpress数据库 mysql> create database wordpress; 远程主机 mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.81.220
7.3.部署NFS
安装nfs [root@localhost conf.d]# yum -y install nfs-tuils rpcbind 创建NFS存储路径 [root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir /data/wordpress [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /data/wordpress [root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/exports /data/wordpress 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash) [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart rpcbind [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nfs [root@localhost conf.d]# showmount -e Export list for localhost.localdomain: /data/wordpress 172.16.1.0/24
7.4.部署WordPress网站
三台web服务器都部署WordPress站点,并且数据库都用同一个192.168.81.210
1.将81.220部署好的WordPress拷贝到81.230服务器 [root@localhost conf.d]# scp -r /web/wordpress root@192.168.81.240:/web/ 如果没有部署就把源码上传到服务unzip解包即可,然后等配置文件写好,访问前端安装即可 2.编辑站点配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf #wordpress server { listen 80; server_name jxl.wordpress.com; root /web/wordpress; index index.php index.html; access_log /nginx_log/jxl_wordpress_access.log main; location ~ \.php$ { root /web/wordpress; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } 3.编辑WordPress网站配置文件,修改数据库地址为mysql服务器地址 [root@localhost ~]# vim /web/wordpress/wp-config.php /** MySQL主机 */ define( 'DB_HOST', '192.168.81.220' ); 4.重载nginx [root@localhost ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost ~]# systemctl reload nginx 5.配置81.240节点服务器 直接将230上配置好的站点目录、nginx配置文件拷贝过来启动即可
7.5.挂载NFS
1.测试NFS是否正常 [root@localhost conf.d]# showmount -e 172.16.1.10 Export list for 172.16.1.10: /data/wordpress 172.16.1.0/24 2.获取WordPress源数据 [root@localhost data]# scp -r root@192.168.81.220:/web/wordpress/wp-content/ /data/wordpress 3.web01配置 [root@localhost conf.d]# mount 172.16.1.10:/data/wordpress /web/wordpress/wp-content/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /web/ 4.web02配置 [root@localhost conf.d]# mount 172.16.1.10:/data/wordpress /web/wordpress/wp-content/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /web/ 5.web03配置 [root@localhost conf.d]# mount 172.16.1.10:/data/wordpress /web/wordpress/wp-content/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /web/ 6.将挂载信息写入/etc/fstab文件中 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/fstab 172.16.1.10:/data/wordpress /web/wordpress/wp-content nfs defaults 0 0 mount -a 识别 7.写一篇文章上传附件,检查nfs有没有生成文件 [root@localhost conf.d]# ls /data/wordpress/uploads/2020/04/ 1寸蓝底-150x150.jpg 1寸蓝底.jpg
7.6.负载均衡配置
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_wordpress.conf #lb_wordpress upstream lb_wordpress { ip_hash; //有登录认证的站点建议使用ip_hash,避免重复认证 server 172.16.1.20:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=60; server 172.16.1.30:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=60; server 172.16.1.40:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=60; } server { listen 80; server_name jxl.wordpress.com; client_max_body_size 200m; access_log /nginx_log/lb_jxl_wordpress_access.log main; location / { proxy_pass http://lb_wordpress; proxy_set_header HOST $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 30; proxy_buffering on; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 4 128k; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
8.Nginx负载均衡综合案例-wc
部署基于LNMP的wecenter知乎论坛并通过负载均衡来实现负载调度,提供访问速度
8.1.环境规划
内部服务器之间统一使用172网段的ip进行通信
8.2.部署MySQL
1.下载MySQL官方扩展源 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm 2.安装完mysqlrpm后会在/etc/yum.repos.d中生成两个文件 root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/my* /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo 3.安装mysql5.6 把mysql5.6包下载下来,然后方便下次使用(有条件的可以直接yum装) [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server 4.启动 [root@localhost soft]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost soft]# systemctl enable mysqld 5.登录 [root@localhost ~]# mysql 6.修改密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 123 7.允许其他服务器远程连接mysql 首先在mysql服务器执行: mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123' with grant option; mysql> flush privileges; 8.创建discuz数据库 mysql> create database wecenter; 远程主机 mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.81.220
8.3.部署NFS
安装nfs [root@localhost conf.d]# yum -y install nfs-tuils rpcbind 创建NFS存储路径 [root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir /data/wecenter [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /data/wecenter [root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/exports /data/wecenter 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash) [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart rpcbind [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nfs [root@localhost conf.d]# showmount -e Export list for localhost.localdomain: /data/wecenter 172.16.1.0/24
8.4.部署Wecenter网站
三台web服务器都部署discuz站点,并且数据库都用同一个192.168.81.210
1.解压源码包 [root@jxl web]# unzip -d wecenter WeCenter_3-3-4.zip 2.赋予权限 [root@jxl web]# chown -R www:www /web/ 3.编辑站点配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wecenter.conf #wecenter server { listen 80; server_name jxl.wecenter.com; access_log /nginx_log/jxl_wecenter_access.log main; location / { root /web/wecenter; index index.php index.html; } location ~ \.php$ { root /web/wecenter; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } 4.重载nginx [root@localhost ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost ~]# systemctl reload nginx 5.页面安装wecenter 注意要将mysql的地址写成mysql的ip地址 6.配置其他节点服务器 将源码包拷贝至其他服务器 [root@jxl web]# scp -r wecenter/ root@192.168.81.230:/web/ [root@jxl web]# scp -r wecenter/ root@192.168.81.240:/web/ 将配置文件拷至其他服务器 [root@jxl web]# scp -r /etc/nginx/conf.d/wecenter.conf root@192.168.81.230:/etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@jxl web]# scp -r /etc/nginx/conf.d/wecenter.conf root@192.168.81.240:/etc/nginx/conf.d/ 在节点服务器操作,赋予权限 [root@jxl web]# chown -R www:www /web/
8.5.挂载NFS
1.测试NFS是否正常 [root@localhost conf.d]# showmount -e Export list for localhost.localdomain: /data/wecenter 172.16.1.0/24 /data/wordpress 172.16.1.0/24 2.如果wecenter站点之前存放过附件,那么就需要获取源数据 [root@localhost conf.d]# scp -r root@192.168.81.220:/web/wecenter/uploads/* /data/wecenter/ 3.web01配置 [root@localhost ~]# mount 172.16.1.10:/data/wecenter /web/wecenter/uploads/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /web/ 4.web02配置 [root@localhost ~]# mount 172.16.1.10:/data/wecenter /web/wecenter/uploads/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /web/ 5.web03配置 [root@localhost ~]# mount 172.16.1.10:/data/wecenter /web/wecenter/uploads/ [root@localhost ~]# chown -R www:www /web/ 6.将挂载信息写入/etc/fstab文件中 [root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/fstab 172.16.1.10:/data/wecenter /web/wecenter/uploads/ nfs defaults 0 0 使用mount -a即可识别 7.配置完毕后,登录页面写一篇文章,插入图片,在看nfs对应的目录有没有附件上传上来 [root@localhost conf.d]# ls /data/wecenter/article/20200421/ 99d1f8039e0b55708b7e0a246377d2cb.jpg
8.6.负载均衡配置
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim lb_wecenter.conf #lb_wercenter upstream lb_wecenter { server 172.16.1.20:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=60; server 172.16.1.30:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=60; server 172.16.1.40:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=60; } server { listen 80; server_name jxl.wecenter.com; client_max_body_size 200m; access_log /nginx_log/lb_jxl_wecenter_access.log main; location / { proxy_pass http://lb_wecenter; proxy_set_header HOST $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffering on; proxy_buffer_size 256k; proxy_buffers 4 256k; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
9.故障排查
1.检查配置文件是否写错
access_log /nginx_log/lb_jxl_wecenter_access.log main; location / { proxy_pass http://lb_wecenter; proxy_set_header HOST $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffering on; proxy_buffer_size 256k; proxy_buffers 4 256k; }
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
## 9.故障排查 1.检查配置文件是否写错 2.如果访问页面报错404,并且日志中记录的访问路径时其他站点的路径,这时可以修改端口号来解决此问题,有可能是在配置文件夹中有的站点靠前,导致的,或者重启也可以解决