线程的生命周期
一个线程从创建,到最后的消亡,是需要经历 多种不同的状态,而这些不同的线程状态,从开始到结束也构成了线程生命周期的不同阶段;线程的生命周期如图:
new新建状态:
使用new创一个线程对象,仅在堆中给它分配内存空间,在调用start方法之前的线程所处的那个状态;线程是没有启动,只是创建了一个线程对象放在堆中而已;譬如:
Thread t=new Thread(); //此时t属于新建状态
当新建状态下的线程对象调用了start方法,该线程对象就从新建状态进入可运行状态(runnable); 线程对象的start方法只能调用一次,多次调用会发生IllegalThreadStateException;
runnable可运行状态
包括两个:运行状态和就绪状态;
- 就绪状态:线程对象调用start方法后,就等JVM的调度,但是此时线程还未开始运行;
- 运行状态:线程对象已经获得JVM调度,就处在运行了;如果存在多个CPU,那就允许多个线程并行运行;
blocked阻塞状态:
处于运行中的线程因为某些原因要放弃CPU时间片,暂时停止运行,会进入阻塞状态;此时JVM不会给线程分配CPU时间片,直到线程重新进入就绪状态(ready),才可能转到运行状态;
阻塞状态只能先进入就绪,进而由操作系统转到运行,不能直接进入运行状态;发生阻塞状态的就产生了几种情况:
1 当A线程处于运行,它试图获取同步锁时,但同步锁却被B线程获得,此时JVM会把A线程存到 共享资源的对象等待池里面,A线程进入阻塞;
2 当线程处于运行状态,它会发出了 IO请求,这时候线程会进入阻塞状态;
还有:
3 调用sleep()方法使线程进入休眠;
4 调用suspend()方法使线程进入挂起时;
5 调用wait()方法,进入等待时;
waiting等待状态
运行的线程会调用wait方法(是没有参数的wait方法),然后JVM会把该线程存到共享资源的对象等待池,线程就进入等待状态;处于该状态中的线程只会被其他线程唤醒的;
timed waiting计时等待状态:
如果运行中的线程调用带参的wait方法或者sleep方法,那么该线程是不会释放同步锁或者同步监听器的,以下两种都会进入计时等待:
- 第一个:如果是运行中的线程,调用这个wait(long time)方法,JVM会把当前线程存到共享资源对象等待池中,那么这个线程也会进入该状态;
- 第二个:如果当前线程执行sleep(long time)方法,也是一样的;
terminated终止状态
也可叫死亡状态,它的生命走到了尽头;线程一旦终止,就不能再重启启动了,否则会发生IllegalThreadStateException异常;
正常执行完run方法而退出,寿终正寝,属于正常死亡;
线程执行遇到异常而退出,线程中断,属于意外死亡;
以上两种都会让线程终止;
提示如下:
如果要测试某线程是否已经死亡,我们可以使用 isAlive()方法,如果这个方法在线程处于就绪、运行、阻塞时返回了true,新建和死亡时侯返回false。不要去试图对一个已经死亡的线程调用start()方法来重新启动,死亡就是死亡和人一样,不可能再生的。还有也不要对一个线程 调用两次start()方法,同样会引发异常;
代码示例
为了更好的理解生命周期,以及生命周期中的各个状态,及接下来:
WaitingTime
创建WaitingTime类,我们在while(true)循环中去调用TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(long)方法来验证线程的TIMED_WARTING状态:
show my the code
WaitingState
创建这类,这个线程在一个while(true)循环中,现在想要获取当前类Class对象的synchronized锁,也就是说,这个类不管创建多少个实例,synchronized锁都是同一个,并且让这个线程会处于等待。这时候,在synchronized中用当前类的Class对象的wait()方法,目的就是验证线程的waiting状态;
show my the code
blockedThread
它主要是在synchronized代码块中的while(true)循环中去调用我们的TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep()来验证线程的blocked状态,当启动两个BlockedThread线程时,首先启动的线程会处于timed_waiting状态,后启动的线程就会处于blocked状态;
show my the code
ThreadState
启动各线程,验证各 线程输出的状态,如下:
运行Thread类:
现在命令行输入"jps"查看运行的进程:
可以看到ThreadSate进程ID是7800,接下来,输入"jstack 7800"看下ThreadSate进程栈的信息:
如下:
Full thread dump OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (25.282-b08 mixed mode):
"DestroyJavaVM" #16 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f3717a000 nid=0x271c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"BlockedThread-02" #15 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f37173800 nid=0x2440 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000aa4d3fe000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
at jichu03.ThreadLive.BlockedThread.run(BlockedThread.java:15)
- waiting to lock <0x00000000d63dd590> (a java.lang.Class for jichu03.ThreadLive.BlockedThread)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
"BlockedThread-01" #14 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f37172800 nid=0x8b8 waiting on condition [0x000000aa4d2fe000]
java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Thread.java:340)
at java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.sleep(TimeUnit.java:386)
at jichu03.ThreadLive.WaitingTime.waitSecond(WaitingTime.java:21)
at jichu03.ThreadLive.BlockedThread.run(BlockedThread.java:15)
- locked <0x00000000d63dd590> (a java.lang.Class for jichu03.ThreadLive.BlockedThread)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
"waitingStateThread" #13 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f37170000 nid=0x16bc in Object.wait() [0x000000aa4d1ff000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x00000000d63d86f0> (a java.lang.Class for jichu03.ThreadLive.WaitingTime)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
at jichu03.ThreadLive.WaitingState.run(WaitingState.java:15)
- locked <0x00000000d63d86f0> (a java.lang.Class for jichu03.ThreadLive.WaitingTime)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
"waitingTimeThread" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f3716b800 nid=0x2528 waiting on condition [0x000000aa4d0fe000]
java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Thread.java:340)
at java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.sleep(TimeUnit.java:386)
at jichu03.ThreadLive.WaitingTime.waitSecond(WaitingTime.java:21)
at jichu03.ThreadLive.WaitingTime.run(WaitingTime.java:15)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f370b8800 nid=0x520 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f3702b000 nid=0x2e9c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f37022000 nid=0x1534 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f3701e000 nid=0x13a8 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f3701c000 nid=0xc58 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f37016000 nid=0x2f54 runnable [0x000000aa4c9fe000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
- locked <0x00000000d64253c0> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
- locked <0x00000000d64253c0> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:47)
"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f3514d000 nid=0x1568 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f351a3000 nid=0xad8 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x0000026f3511f800 nid=0x1024 in Object.wait() [0x000000aa4c6ff000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x00000000d6209508> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
- locked <0x00000000d6209508> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)
"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f35118000 nid=0x26dc in Object.wait() [0x000000aa4c5ff000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x00000000d6207118> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
- locked <0x00000000d6207118> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)
"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f350ed800 nid=0x2674 runnable
"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edc7800 nid=0x1fa8 runnable
"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edc9000 nid=0xb30 runnable
"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edca800 nid=0x1bc0 runnable
"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edcd800 nid=0x2c04 runnable
"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edcf800 nid=0x104c runnable
"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edd1000 nid=0x1550 runnable
"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edd4800 nid=0x232c runnable
"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000026f1edd5800 nid=0xb6c runnable
"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000026f370bb800 nid=0x1960 waiting on condition
JNI global references: 12
输出信息可以看出:
名称为WaitingTimeThread的线程处于TIMED_WAITING状态;名称为WaitingStateThread的线程处于WAITING状态;名称为BlockedThread-01的线程处于TIMED_WAITING状态;名称为BlockedThread-02的线程处于BLOCKED状态;
注意:使用jps结合jstack命令可以分析线上生产环境的Java进程的异常信息
也可以直接点击IDEA下图所示的图表直接打印出线程的堆栈信息;
输出的结果信息与使用“jstack 进程号”命令输出的信息基本一样;