RedHat7.4 Yum环境下搭建LAMP实现库站分离（部署wordpress博客）-阿里云开发者社区

什么是LAMP？

LAMP 架构是目前成熟的企业网站应用模式之一，能够提供动态 Web 站点服务及其应用开发环境

具体包括：

Linux 操作系统
Apache 网站服务器
MySQL（有时也指MariaDB，数据库软件）数据库服务器
PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）网页编程语言

优点

成本低廉
可定制
易于开发
方便易用
安全和稳定

在构建 LAMP 平台时，各组件的安装顺序依次为：Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP

其中 Apache 和 MySQL 的安装没有严格顺序；PHP一般放在最后，负责沟通 web 服务器和数据库系统。

实验准备（在VMware中进行）

实验说明：因为我们这里要做库站分离，所以单独在一台主机上安装MySQL(或MariaDB)

主机A：RHEL7.4 安装Apache和PHP

IP地址：192.168.112.187

主机B：RHEL7.4 安装MySQL(或者MariaDB)

IP地址：192.168.112.186

主机A：

一、关闭防火墙及Selinux

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl disable firewalld.service 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled   ---改为disabled

二、更换成阿里云yum源

查询已安装的yum

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
PackageKit-yum-1.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-154.el7.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch

使用root权限卸载已安装的yum源

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
warning: /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf saved as /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf.rpmsave

下载并安装阿里的yum源rpm包

（浏览器打开网址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages

然后一个一个的去搜索下载到本地

最后到Linux里面去建一个rpm文件，然后把下载好的包复制进去）

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm

查看rpm包

[root@localhost ~]#  mkdir rpm
[root@localhost ~]# cd rpm/
[root@localhost rpm]# ls
python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm

安装（必须要强制安装）

[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh *.rpm  --force --nodeps
warning: python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
   2:python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7    ################################# [ 40%]
   3:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 60%]
   4:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos         ################################# [ 80%]
   5:yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8        ################################# [100%]

下载阿里镜像到/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2020-12-21 14:36:48--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.19.3.184, 112.19.3.182, 112.19.3.183, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.19.3.184|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
100%[======================================>] 2,523       --.-K/s   in 0s      
2020-12-21 14:36:48 (140 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523]

修改Centos-7.repo文件将所有$releasever替换为7

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Base.repo 
按Ctrl+：
输入:%s/$releasever/7/g

清除缓存并重新生成

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

更新yum包

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum update

三、安装Apache

安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd

重启

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable httpd

打开浏览器输入IP地址访问

编辑 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 配置文件，修改以下四个地方

1、搜索 ServerName 修改为对应的 IP 地址

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
#ServerName www.example.com:80   ---这一行是被注释掉的，而且要改为本机IP
ServerName 192.168.112.146:80    ---改为这个

2、搜索 DirectoryIndex 添加 index.php

<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>

3、整合APACHE和PHP使APACHE支持PHP

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php             ---添加这一行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps     ---还有这一行

4、在末尾添加以下内容

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/"   
    ServerName 192.168.112.146   ---注意IP地址 
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://192.168.112.187:9000/var/www/html/$1
    <Directory "/var/www/html/">
        Options none
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

确认无误保存退出

查看配置文件是否有语法错误

[root@liza ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK

启动 Httpd

[root@liza ~]# systemctl restart httpd

四、安装PHP

安装php7的YUM源

[root@liza ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@liza ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

安装PHP7.2

[root@liza ~]# yum install  php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-gd php72w-ldap php72mbstring php72w-mcrypt php72w-mysql php72w-pdow -y

安装php-fpm并启动

[root@liza ~]# yum install php72w-fpm php72w-opcache -y
[root@liza ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service
[root@liza ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

编辑 php 配置文件

[root@liza ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 
设置对应的IP监听地址
listen = 192.168.112.187:9000

[root@liza ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 
设置 httpd 服务器 IP地址  
listen.allowed_clients = 192.168.112.187

重启 PHP

[root@liza ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service

查看状态

[root@liza ~]# systemctl status php-fpm.service

编辑Apache测试网页

[root@liza ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@liza html]# vim index.html 
<html>Hello World </html>

打开浏览器测试

编辑PHP测试网站

[root@liza ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@liza html]# vim index.php 
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

打开浏览器测试

主机B:

一、关闭防火墙及Selinux

[root@liza ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@liza ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service 
[root@liza ~]# setenforce 0
[root@liza ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled   ---改为disabled

二、更换成阿里云yum源

这里和主机A的步骤一样

三、安装MySQL

下载安装MySQL

[root@liza ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
[root@liza ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
[root@liza ~]# yum install mysql-community-server -y

启动MySQL

[root@liza ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@liza ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@liza ~]# systemctl status mysqld

通过grep过滤出他的默认密码

[root@liza ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-01-22T06:56:39.471382Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hetYQdNhZ9/1

使用默认密码登录数据库

[root@liza ~]# mysql -uroot -p'hetYQdNhZ9/1'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.23
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

更改密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'XXGC.lab123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

重启MySQL数据库并设置开机自启

[root@liza ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@liza ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

创建MySQL数据库管理员

[root@liza ~]# mysql -uroot -p'XXGC.lab123'
mysql> create user 'dbadmin'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'XXGC.lab123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'dbadmin'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant GRANT OPTION  on *.* to 'dbadmin'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

验证是否可以远程登录

[root@liza ~]# mysql -h192.168.112.186 -P3306 -uroot -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'liza' (using password: YES)
[root@liza ~]# mysql -h192.168.112.186 -P3306 -udbadmin -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

三、实现php连接mysql

回到主机A上面

测试是否可以连接MySQL数据库文件

[root@liza ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@liza html]# vim mysql.php
<?PHP
    $conn=mysqli_connect("192.168.112.186","dbadmin","XXGC.lab123");
    if($conn){
        echo"ok";
    }else{
        echo"error";    
    }
?>

并在浏览器上访问

部署wordpress博客

一、下载安装包

可进入网站自行下载或上传Discuz压缩包到虚拟机

地址为：https://cn.wordpress.org/download/

下载好以后复制到主机A的rpm包文件里面

解压

[root@liza rpm]# tar -zxvf wordpress-5.6-zh_CN.tar.gz 
[root@liza rpm]# mv wordpress /var/www/html/             ---把包移动到Apache网页下

解决所有文件权限，需要可写权限

[root@liza ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@liza html]# chmod -R 777 wordpress/

建立Wordppress博客所用数据库

[root@liza ~]# mysql -uroot -p'XXGC.lab123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)