使用Docker官方yum源安装指定版本的docker的标准操作流程

1.卸载老版本的Docker，没有安装则不卸载。

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-selinux \
                  docker-engine-selinux \
                  docker-engine

2.配置官方yum源，启用稳定版源配置。

[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# echo '[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge]
name=Docker CE Edge - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge-source]
name=Docker CE Edge - Sources
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/source/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg'>/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

此步骤中，需要注意的是：要启用哪个版本的源就将其下的enable值设置为1，其余设置为0。命令中的引号必须使用单引号。yum.repos.d目录下的文件必须以.repo结尾。

3.查看当前源的可用版本。

[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates|grep "^doc"|sort -r
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable

4.安装docker-ce-18.06.0.ce-3.el7。若要安装其他版本则按照以下格式进行安装：docker-ce-

[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.0.ce-3.el7
[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.06.0-ce
 API version:       1.38
 Go version:        go1.10.3
 Git commit:        0ffa825
 Built:             Wed Jul 18 19:08:18 2018
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

5.启动docker服务。

[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com

[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.06.0-ce
 API version:       1.38
 Go version:        go1.10.3
 Git commit:        0ffa825
 Built:             Wed Jul 18 19:08:18 2018
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:          18.06.0-ce
  API version:      1.38 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.3
  Git commit:       0ffa825
  Built:            Wed Jul 18 19:10:42 2018
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

6.将docker服务设置为开机启动。

[root@ChatDevOps-01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

7.参考资料：
https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/