【RAC】rac环境下的数据库备份与还原
一.1 BLOG文档结构图
一.2 前言部分
一.2.1 导读
各位技术爱好者，看完本文后，你可以掌握如下的技能，也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识，~O(∩_∩)O~：
① rac环境下的数据库备份与还原
② rman恢复数据库的一般步骤
③ rac环境的简单操作
注意：本篇BLOG中代码部分需要特别关注的地方我都用黄色背景和红色字体来表示，比如下边的例子中，thread 1的最大归档日志号为33，thread 2的最大归档日志号为43是需要特别关注的地方。
List of Archived Logs in backup set 11
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 32 1621589 2015-05-29 11:09:52 1625242 2015-05-29 11:15:48
1 33 1625242 2015-05-29 11:15:48 1625293 2015-05-29 11:15:58
2 42 1613951 2015-05-29 10:41:18 1625245 2015-05-29 11:15:49
2 43 1625245 2015-05-29 11:15:49 1625253 2015-05-29 11:15:53
本文如有错误或不完善的地方请大家多多指正，ITPUB留言或QQ皆可，您的批评指正是我写作的最大动力。
一.2.2 实验环境介绍
目标库：11.2.0.1 RHEL6.5 rac环境
一.2.3 相关参考文章链接
【RAC】将RAC备份集恢复为单实例数据库 http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1682255/
【RAC】将单实例备份集恢复为rac数据库 http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1682250/
【RAC】rac环境下的数据库备份与还原 http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1682237/
rac安装系列：
| 【推荐】 一步一步搭建11gR2 rac+dg之结尾篇(十) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1328156/ |
| 【推荐】 一步一步搭建11gR2 rac+dg之DG SWITCHOVER功能(九) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1328050/ |
| 一步一步搭建11gR2 rac+dg之配置单实例的DG(八) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1298735/ |
| 一步一步搭建11gR2 rac+dg之DG 机器配置(七) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1298733/ |
| 一步一步搭建11gR2 rac+dg之安装rac出现问题解决(六) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1297128/ |
| 一步一步搭建oracle 11gR2 rac+dg之database安装(五) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1297113/ |
| 一步一步搭建 oracle 11gR2 rac+dg之grid安装(四) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1297101/ |
| 【推荐】 一步一步搭建oracle 11gR2 rac+dg之共享磁盘设置(三) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1291144/ |
| 【推荐】 一步一步搭建oracle 11gR2 rac+dg之环境准备(二) |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1290416/ |
| 【推荐】 一步一步搭建 oracle 11gR2 rac + dg 之前传 （一） |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1290405/ |
| 静默安装系列 |
|
| 【推荐】 【DBCA -SILENT】静默方式安装11gR2 oracle数据库软件 |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1589769/ |
| 【推荐】 【DBCA -SILENT】静默安装之rac数据库安装 |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1586352/ |
| 【推荐】 【DBCA -SILENT】静默安装如何启用归档模式 |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1585925/ |
| 【推荐】 DBCA静默方式建库 |
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1448220/ |
一.2.4 本文简介
本文基于如何将单实例的数据库备份恢复到rac环境下，至于rac环境的备份集如何恢复到单实例及rac环境的备份集恢复到rac环境的实验请参考相关文章链接部分。
实验的一些数据库环境参考如下表格：
| 项目 |
source db |
target db |
| db 类型 |
rac环境 |
rac环境 |
| db version |
11.2.0.1 |
11.2.0.1 |
| ORACLE_SID |
orastrac1 和 orastrac2 |
orastrac1 和 orastrac2 |
| db_name |
orastrac |
orastrac |
| 主机IP地址： |
192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 |
192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 |
一.3 实验部分
一.3.1 实验目标
验证rac数据库环境下的备份和恢复操作。
一.3.2 查看rac环境
target库已经有4个库，3个rac库处于close状态，orastrac处于online状态。
[root@node2 ~]# crsstat
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------ -------------------------- ---------- --------- -------
ora.ARCH.dg ora.diskgroup.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.DATA.dg ora.diskgroup.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.LISTENER.lsnr ora.listener.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr ora.scan_listener.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.OVDISK.dg ora.diskgroup.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.TEST.dg ora.diskgroup.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.db.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.eons ora.eons.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.jmrac.db ora.database.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.jmrac.haha.svc ora.service.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.net1.network ora.network.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.ASM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.LISTENER_NODE1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.node1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip ora.cluster_vip_net1.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node2.ASM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.LISTENER_NODE2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.node2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.vip ora.cluster_vip_net1.type ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.ora11g.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.registry.acfs ora.registry.acfs.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.scan1.vip ora.scan_vip.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
[root@node2 ~]# crsstat | grep ora.database.type
ora.db.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.jmrac.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.ora11g.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
[root@node2 ~]#
[root@node2 ~]# crsstat | grep ora.database.type
ora.db.db ora.database.type ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.jmrac.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.ora11g.db ora.database.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.orastrac.db ora.database.type ONLINE ONLINE node1
[root@node2 ~]#
一.3.3 创建测试数据
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jun 2 13:32:34 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string orastrac
db_unique_name string orastrac
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string orastrac2
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string orastrac
SQL> create table lhr.rac_test as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select count(1) from lhr.rac_test;
COUNT(1)
----------
72469
SQL>
一.3.4 source库执行备份操作
备份脚本如下，注意控制文件需要最后备份，在节点2上执行备份：
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup database format '/home/oracle/rman_back/full_%n_%T_%t_%s_%p.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete input;
backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/rman_back/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
执行过程如下：
[oracle@node2 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:36:21 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORASTRAC (DBID=1317814272)
RMAN> list backupset;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
specification does not match any backup in the repository
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 type disk;
4> allocate channel c2 type disk;
5> backup database format '/home/oracle/rman_back/full_%n_%T_%t_%s_%p.bak';
6> sql 'alter system archive log current';
7> backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete input;
8> backup current controlfile format '/home/oracle/rman_back/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
9> release channel c1;
10> release channel c2;
11> }
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=33 instance=orastrac2 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=51 instance=orastrac2 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 02-JUN-2015 13:36:32
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orastrac/datafile/system.330.881251509
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orastrac/datafile/users.327.881251511
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs2.351.881252419
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orastrac/datafile/sysaux.331.881251461
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/orastrac/datafile/example.332.881251463
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs1.329.881251463
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:38
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328992_9_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133632 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:38
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328993_10_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133632 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:39
including current control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:42
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:42
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133632 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:43
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_11_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133632 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:43
sql statement: alter system archive log current
Starting backup at 02-JUN-2015 13:38:56
current log archived
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=5 STAMP=881255375
input archived log thread=2 sequence=1 RECID=4 STAMP=881252641
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=7 STAMP=881256606
input archived log thread=3 sequence=1 RECID=6 STAMP=881255612
input archived log thread=2 sequence=2 RECID=8 STAMP=881257349
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=9 STAMP=881257704
input archived log thread=2 sequence=3 RECID=12 STAMP=881257709
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:00
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=10 STAMP=881257707
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=11 STAMP=881257708
input archived log thread=2 sequence=4 RECID=13 STAMP=881329134
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:00
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:01
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_14_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133859 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_1_seq_4.366.881257705 RECID=10 STAMP=881257707
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_1_seq_5.368.881257709 RECID=11 STAMP=881257708
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_4.360.881329131 RECID=13 STAMP=881329134
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=14 STAMP=881329136
input archived log thread=2 sequence=5 RECID=16 STAMP=881329139
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=15 STAMP=881329138
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:03
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:03
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_13_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133859 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_1_seq_1.357.881255367 RECID=5 STAMP=881255375
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_2_seq_1.355.881252641 RECID=4 STAMP=881252641
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_1_seq_2.362.881256605 RECID=7 STAMP=881256606
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_3_seq_1.361.881255613 RECID=6 STAMP=881255612
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_2_seq_2.363.881257349 RECID=8 STAMP=881257349
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_1_seq_3.365.881257705 RECID=9 STAMP=881257704
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_01/thread_2_seq_3.367.881257709 RECID=12 STAMP=881257709
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:03
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_15_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133859 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c2: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_6.359.881329131 RECID=14 STAMP=881329136
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_5.370.881329139 RECID=16 STAMP=881329139
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_7.358.881329137 RECID=15 STAMP=881329138
Finished backup at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:03
Starting backup at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:05
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:06
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:07
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/ctl_ORASTRAC_20150602_16_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133905 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-JUN-2015 13:39:07
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
RMAN>
RMAN> list backupset summary;
List of Backups
===============
Key TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- -------------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
7 B F A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:38:30 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133632
8 B F A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:38:35 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133632
9 B F A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:38:40 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133632
10 B F A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:38:42 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133632
11 B A A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:39:01 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133859
12 B A A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:39:01 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133859
13 B A A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:39:03 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133859
14 B F A DISK 02-JUN-2015 13:39:06 1 1 NO TAG20150602T133905
RMAN>
一.3.5 删除spfile、控制文件和数据文件
删除asm文件，毁掉整个数据库：
[root@node2 rman_back]# srvctl stop database -d ORASTRAC
[root@node2 rman_back]# srvctl status database -d ORASTRAC
Instance orastrac1 is not running on node node1
Instance orastrac2 is not running on node node2
[root@node2 rman_back]# su - grid
[grid@node2 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> cd data
ASMCMD> ls
DB/
DB_UNKNOWN/
JMRAC/
MYRAC/
ORA11G/
ORASTRAC/
ASMCMD> rm -rf ORASTRAC/
ASMCMD> ls
DB/
DB_UNKNOWN/
JMRAC/
MYRAC/
ORA11G/
ASMCMD>
[oracle@node2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jun 2 13:55:46 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:DGOpenFile05 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575
ORA-15173: entry 'orastrac' does not exist in directory '/'
ORA-06512: at line 4
SQL>
一.3.6 恢复数据库过程
一.3.6.1 恢复spfile
首先利用rman恢复spfile：
[oracle@node2 ~]$ ORACLE_SID=orastrac2
[oracle@node2 dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 14:15:52 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> set dbid 1317814272
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> startup nomount;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:DGOpenFile05 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfile.335.881250575
ORA-15173: entry 'orastrac' does not exist in directory '/'
ORA-06512: at line 4
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 158662656 bytes
Fixed Size 2211448 bytes
Variable Size 96469384 bytes
Database Buffers 54525952 bytes
Redo Buffers 5455872 bytes
RMAN> restore spfile to '+DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora' from '/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak';
Starting restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:16:47
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=24 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 06/02/2015 14:16:49
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak
ORA-32015: unable to restore SPFILE
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora
ORA-15173: entry 'orastrac' does not exist in directory '/'
创建相关路径后继续执行：
ASMCMD> mkdir orastrac
ASMCMD> cd orastrac
ASMCMD> mkdir parameterfile
ASMCMD> pwd
+data/orastrac
ASMCMD> cd parameterfile
RMAN> restore spfile to '+DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora' from '/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak';
Starting restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:18:07
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:18:08
RMAN>
查看spfile：
ASMCMD> ls
spfileorastrac.ora
ASMCMD>
修改pfile文件后重启数据库：
[oracle@node2 dbs]$ more initorastrac2.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora'
[oracle@node2 dbs]$
[oracle@node2 dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 14:21:18 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)
RMAN> shutdown abort;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup nomount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2213856 bytes
Variable Size 360712224 bytes
Database Buffers 41943040 bytes
Redo Buffers 4325376 bytes
RMAN>
一.3.6.2 恢复控制文件
[oracle@node2 dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 14:22:52 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORASTRAC (not mounted)
RMAN> startup nomount force;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2213856 bytes
Variable Size 360712224 bytes
Database Buffers 41943040 bytes
Redo Buffers 4325376 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman_back/ctl_ORASTRAC_20150602_16_1.bak';
Starting restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:23:30
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 instance=orastrac2 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=+DATA/orastrac/controlfile/control01.ctl
output file name=+DATA/orastrac/controlfile/current.329.881331811
output file name=+ARCH/orastrac/controlfile/current.364.881257391
Finished restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:23:32
RMAN>
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN>
一.3.6.3 还原及恢复数据文件
查看备份集及还原数据库：
RMAN> list backupset;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
7 Full 440.72M DISK 00:01:57 02-JUN-2015 13:38:30
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133632
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328993_10_1.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 7
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- -------------------- ----
2 Full 1079018 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/sysaux.331.881251461
3 Full 1079018 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs1.329.881251463
5 Full 1079018 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/example.332.881251463
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
8 Full 610.17M DISK 00:02:03 02-JUN-2015 13:38:35
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133632
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328992_9_1.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 8
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- -------------------- ----
1 Full 1078985 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/system.330.881251509
4 Full 1078985 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/users.327.881251511
6 Full 1078985 02-JUN-2015 13:36:33 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs2.351.881252419
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
9 Full 80.00K DISK 00:00:02 02-JUN-2015 13:38:40
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133632
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_12_1.bak
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-JUN-2015 11:16:55
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORASTRAC
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
10 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:04 02-JUN-2015 13:38:42
BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133632
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881329118_11_1.bak
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1079103 Ckp time: 02-JUN-2015 13:38:38
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
11 15.97M DISK 00:00:01 02-JUN-2015 13:39:01
BP Key: 11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133859
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_14_1.bak
List of Archived Logs in backup set 11
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------
1 4 1057778 01-JUN-2015 17:48:24 1057780 01-JUN-2015 17:48:24
1 5 1057780 01-JUN-2015 17:48:24 1057786 01-JUN-2015 17:48:25
2 4 1057893 01-JUN-2015 17:48:27 1079126 02-JUN-2015 13:38:49
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
12 6.78M DISK 00:00:01 02-JUN-2015 13:39:01
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133859
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_13_1.bak
List of Archived Logs in backup set 12
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------
1 1 1027357 01-JUN-2015 16:09:51 1049321 01-JUN-2015 17:09:25
1 2 1049321 01-JUN-2015 17:09:25 1056322 01-JUN-2015 17:30:05
1 3 1056520 01-JUN-2015 17:30:48 1057778 01-JUN-2015 17:48:24
2 1 1028434 01-JUN-2015 16:23:50 1028446 01-JUN-2015 16:24:01
2 2 1049792 01-JUN-2015 17:15:06 1057412 01-JUN-2015 17:42:28
2 3 1057776 01-JUN-2015 17:48:24 1057893 01-JUN-2015 17:48:27
3 1 1049702 01-JUN-2015 17:13:10 1049717 01-JUN-2015 17:13:32
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------------
13 5.05M DISK 00:00:00 02-JUN-2015 13:39:03
BP Key: 13 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150602T133859
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_15_1.bak
List of Archived Logs in backup set 13
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------
1 6 1060589 02-JUN-2015 10:16:25 1079130 02-JUN-2015 13:38:49
1 7 1079130 02-JUN-2015 13:38:49 1079140 02-JUN-2015 13:38:56
2 5 1079126 02-JUN-2015 13:38:49 1079144 02-JUN-2015 13:38:58
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:25:59
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 02-JUN-2015 14:25:59
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 7 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 02-JUN-2015 14:25:59
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 02-JUN-2015 14:25:59
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 02-JUN-2015 14:26:00
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: +arch/ORASTRAC/CONTROLFILE/current.369.881258379
File Name: +arch/ORASTRAC/ARCHIVELOG/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_6.358.881329829
File Name: +arch/ORASTRAC/ARCHIVELOG/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_8.370.881329829
File Name: +arch/ORASTRAC/ARCHIVELOG/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_7.359.881329831
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to +DATA/orastrac/datafile/sysaux.331.881251461
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to +DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs1.329.881251463
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to +DATA/orastrac/datafile/example.332.881251463
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328993_10_1.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328993_10_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133632
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to +DATA/orastrac/datafile/system.330.881251509
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/orastrac/datafile/users.327.881251511
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to +DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs2.351.881252419
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328992_9_1.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/full_ORASTRAC_20150602_881328992_9_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133632
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 02-JUN-2015 14:27:31
RMAN> RUN
2> {
3> set until sequence 7 thread 1;
set until sequence 5 thread 2;
recover database;
4> 5> 6> }
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 02-JUN-2015 14:28:42
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=2 sequence=4
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_14_1.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_14_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133859
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_4.367.881332133 thread=2 sequence=4
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=6
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_15_1.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_back/arch_ORASTRAC_20150602_15_1.bak tag=TAG20150602T133859
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_6.365.881332137 thread=1 sequence=6
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_4.367.881332133 RECID=26 STAMP=881332134
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_6.365.881332137 RECID=27 STAMP=881332137
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 02-JUN-2015 14:28:58
RMAN>
告警日志：
Tue Jun 02 14:26:14 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 5 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/example.331.881331961. Elapsed time: 0:00:13
checkpoint is 1079018
last deallocation scn is 965277
Full restore complete of datafile 3 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs1.353.881331961. Elapsed time: 0:00:13
checkpoint is 1079018
last deallocation scn is 1075330
Undo Optimization current scn is 1074104
Tue Jun 02 14:26:40 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 2 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/sysaux.332.881331961. Elapsed time: 0:00:39
checkpoint is 1079018
last deallocation scn is 1026156
Tue Jun 02 14:26:50 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 6 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/undotbs2.335.881332007. Elapsed time: 0:00:04
checkpoint is 1078985
Undo Optimization current scn is 1074104
Full restore complete of datafile 4 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/users.357.881332007. Elapsed time: 0:00:05
checkpoint is 1078985
Tue Jun 02 14:27:28 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 1 +DATA/orastrac/datafile/system.334.881332007. Elapsed time: 0:00:41
checkpoint is 1078985
last deallocation scn is 1025383
Undo Optimization current scn is 1074104
Tue Jun 02 14:28:47 2015
alter database recover datafile list clear
Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear
alter database recover datafile list
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
Completed: alter database recover datafile list
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
alter database recover if needed
start until cancel using backup controlfile
Media Recovery Start
Serial Media Recovery started
ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover if needed
start until cancel using backup controlfile
...
alter database recover logfile '+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_4.367.881332133'
Media Recovery Log +ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_4.367.881332133
ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover logfile '+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_2_seq_4.367.881332133'...
Tue Jun 02 14:28:58 2015
alter database recover logfile '+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_6.365.881332137'
Media Recovery Log +ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_6.365.881332137
ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover logfile '+ARCH/orastrac/archivelog/2015_06_02/thread_1_seq_6.365.881332137'...
alter database recover cancel
Media Recovery Canceled
Completed: alter database recover cancel
一.3.6.4 RESETLOGS打开数据库并验证数据
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN>
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@node2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jun 2 14:32:25 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(1) from lhr.rac_test;
COUNT(1)
----------
72469
SQL>
SQL> set line 9999
SQL> col HOST_NAME format a10
SQL> select INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,VERSION,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,ACTIVE_STATE,INSTANCE_ROLE,DATABASE_STATUS from gv$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_TIME STATUS ACTIVE_ST INSTANCE_ROLE DATABASE_STATUS
---------------- ---------- ----------------- ------------------- ------------ --------- ------------------ -----------------
orastrac2 node2 11.2.0.1.0 2015-06-02 14:22:55 OPEN NORMAL PRIMARY_INSTANCE ACTIVE
SQL> select INST_ID,name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;
INST_ID NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR
---------- --------- -------------------- ------------ ---
2 ORASTRAC READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG NO
SQL>
告警日志：
Tue Jun 02 14:30:03 2015
alter database open resetlogs
Archived Log entry 28 added for thread 1 sequence 7 ID 0x4e8bbda6 dest 1:
Expanded controlfile section 11 from 28 to 172 records
Requested to grow by 144 records; added 6 blocks of records
Archived Log entry 29 added for thread 1 sequence 8 ID 0x4e8bbda6 dest 1:
Archived Log entry 30 added for thread 1 sequence 9 ID 0x4e8bbda6 dest 1:
ARCH: Archiving disabled thread 2 sequence 7
Archived Log entry 31 added for thread 2 sequence 7 ID 0x4e8bbda6 dest 1:
Archived Log entry 32 added for thread 2 sequence 5 ID 0x4e8bbda6 dest 1:
Archived Log entry 33 added for thread 2 sequence 6 ID 0x4e8bbda6 dest 1:
RESETLOGS after incomplete recovery UNTIL CHANGE 1079126
Resetting resetlogs activation ID 1317780902 (0x4e8bbda6)
Tue Jun 02 14:30:16 2015
Setting recovery target incarnation to 4
Tue Jun 02 14:30:16 2015
This instance was first to open
Picked broadcast on commit scheme to generate SCNs
Tue Jun 02 14:30:17 2015
Assigning activation ID 1317937735 (0x4e8e2247)
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Tue Jun 02 14:30:17 2015
ARC0 started with pid=36, OS id=24160
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Tue Jun 02 14:30:18 2015
ARC1 started with pid=37, OS id=24164
Tue Jun 02 14:30:18 2015
ARC2 started with pid=38, OS id=24168
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
Tue Jun 02 14:30:18 2015
ARC3 started with pid=39, OS id=24172
ARC2: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Thread 2 opened at log sequence 1
Current log# 4 seq# 1 mem# 0: +ARCH/orastrac/onlinelog/group_4.352.881252545
Successful open of redo thread 2
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Tue Jun 02 14:30:18 2015
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Instance recovery: looking for dead threads
Instance recovery: lock domain invalid but no dead threads
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Redo thread 1 internally disabled at seq 1 (CKPT)
ARC3: Archiving disabled thread 1 sequence 1
Archived Log entry 34 added for thread 1 sequence 1 ID 0x0 dest 1:
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 5.
Dictionary check beginning
Tue Jun 02 14:30:22 2015
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orastrac/orastrac2/trace/orastrac2_dbw0_23597.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '+DATA/orastrac/tempfile/temp.333.881251803'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orastrac/tempfile/temp.333.881251803
ORA-15012: ASM file '+DATA/orastrac/tempfile/temp.333.881251803' does not exist
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orastrac/orastrac2/trace/orastrac2_dbw0_23597.trc:
ORA-01186: file 201 failed verification tests
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '+DATA/orastrac/tempfile/temp.333.881251803'
File 201 not verified due to error ORA-01157
Dictionary check complete
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Re-creating tempfile +DATA/orastrac/tempfile/temp.333.881251803 as +DATA/orastrac/tempfile/temp.313.881332223
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
No Resource Manager plan active
Starting background process GTX0
Tue Jun 02 14:30:23 2015
GTX0 started with pid=40, OS id=24179
Starting background process RCBG
Tue Jun 02 14:30:23 2015
RCBG started with pid=41, OS id=24183
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Tue Jun 02 14:30:27 2015
Starting background process QMNC
Tue Jun 02 14:30:27 2015
QMNC started with pid=42, OS id=24187
LOGSTDBY: Validating controlfile with logical metadata
LOGSTDBY: Validation complete
Tue Jun 02 14:30:48 2015
Completed: alter database open resetlogs
Tue Jun 02 14:30:50 2015
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 3882 MB is 4.43% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Tue Jun 02 14:30:51 2015
Starting background process CJQ0
Tue Jun 02 14:30:51 2015
CJQ0 started with pid=48, OS id=24265
可以看到数据已经恢复，但是实例只启动了一个，我们来启动第二个实例：
一.3.6.5 修复另一个节点的pfile
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ more initorastrac1.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora'
[oracle@node1 dbs]$
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ srvctl modify database -d orastrac -p +DATA/orastrac/parameterfile/spfileorastrac.ora
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ srvctl start database -d orastrac
[oracle@node1 dbs]$
[oracle@node1 dbs]$ srvctl status database -d orastrac
Instance orastrac1 is running on node node1
Instance orastrac2 is running on node node2
[oracle@node1 dbs]$
[oracle@node2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jun 2 14:45:43 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set line 9999
SQL> col HOST_NAME format a10
SQL> select INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,VERSION,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,ACTIVE_STATE,INSTANCE_ROLE,DATABASE_STATUS from gv$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_TIME STATUS ACTIVE_ST INSTANCE_ROLE DATABASE_STATUS
---------------- ---------- ----------------- ------------------- ------------ --------- ------------------ -----------------
orastrac2 node2 11.2.0.1.0 2015-06-02 14:44:30 OPEN NORMAL PRIMARY_INSTANCE ACTIVE
orastrac1 node1 11.2.0.1.0 2015-06-02 14:44:33 OPEN NORMAL PRIMARY_INSTANCE ACTIVE
SQL> select INST_ID,name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;
INST_ID NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR
---------- --------- -------------------- ------------ ---
1 ORASTRAC READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG NO
2 ORASTRAC READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG NO
SQL>
一.3.7 实验总结
采用asm来存储的rac环境下的数据库备份和还原与单实例下os文件系统的备份和还原基本一样，不同的是recover的时候，需要设置2个thread。
一.4 总结
到此所有的处理算是基本完毕，过程很简单，但是不同的场景处理方式有很多种，我们应该学会灵活变通。
一.5 About Me
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
本文作者：小麦苗，只专注于数据库的技术，更注重技术的运用
ITPUB BLOG：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162
本文地址：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1682237/
本文pdf版：http://yunpan.cn/QCwUAI9bn7g7w 提取码：af2d
QQ：642808185 若加QQ请注明你所正在读的文章标题
创作时间地点：2015-06-02 10:00~ 2015-06-02 16:00 于外汇交易中心
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
