有的时候，我们在开发的过程中需要连接多个数据库。
Laravel框架中早已为我们想到了这样的需求。
配置很简单。
在根目录下的/config/database.php文件中配置：
Laravel中为我们提前预设了多种类型的数据库连接
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'connections' => [ 'sqlite' => [ 'driver' => 'sqlite', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')), 'prefix' => '', 'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true), ], 'mysql' => [ 'driver' => 'mysql', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'), 'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''), 'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8mb4', 'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci', 'prefix' => '', 'prefix_indexes' => true, 'strict' => true, 'engine' => null, 'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([ PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'), ]) : [], ], 'pgsql' => [ 'driver' => 'pgsql', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'), 'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8', 'prefix' => '', 'prefix_indexes' => true, 'schema' => 'public', 'sslmode' => 'prefer', ], 'sqlsrv' => [ 'driver' => 'sqlsrv', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'), 'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8', 'prefix' => '', 'prefix_indexes' => true, ], ],
默认连接的是mysql配置，配置项是存储在根目录下的.env文件中的。
如果使用多数据连接，则只需要，根据你的数据库类型，在配置你需要的数据库连接就好了。
如下面所示：
我增加了一个mysql数据库连接和oracle数据库连接
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'connections' => [ 'sqlite' => [ 'driver' => 'sqlite', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')), 'prefix' => '', 'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true), ], // 本地数据库，存储本地数据 'mysql' => [ 'driver' => 'mysql', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'xxxxx'), 'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', xxxx), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', xxxx), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', xxxxxxx'), 'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8mb4', 'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci', 'prefix' => '', 'prefix_indexes' => true, 'strict' => false, 'engine' => null, 'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([ PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'), ]) : [], ], // 线上数据库，将本地数据，同步至线上数据 'mysql_base' => [ 'driver' => 'mysql', 'read' => [ 'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx'), ], 'write' => [ 'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx') ], 'port' => env('DB_PORT_BASE', xxxx), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE_BASE', xxxx), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME_BASE', xxxxxx), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD_BASE', 'xxxxx'), 'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8mb4', 'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci', 'prefix' => '', 'strict' => false, 'engine' => null, ], 'pgsql' => [ 'driver' => 'pgsql', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'), 'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8', 'prefix' => '', 'prefix_indexes' => true, 'schema' => 'public', 'sslmode' => 'prefer', ], 'sqlsrv' => [ 'driver' => 'sqlsrv', 'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'), 'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'), 'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'), 'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'), 'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'), 'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''), 'charset' => 'utf8', 'prefix' => '', 'prefix_indexes' => true, ], // oracle 数据库连接 'oracle' => [ 'driver' => 'oracle', 'host' => '210.30.64.37', 'port' => xxx, 'database' => '', 'service_name' => xxxxx, 'username' => xxx_xxxx, 'password' => xxxx_xxxx, 'charset' => 'AL32UTF8', 'prefix' => '', ] ],
我们在使用其余的数据库连接，如下方所示：
1：使用原生sql
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DB::connection('oracle')->select("SELECT * from xxxxx WHERE XH = '{$personal_id}' AND XM = '{$name}'")
2：使用laravel封装的数据库方法：
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$userinfo = DB::connection('mysql_base')->table('user') ->where('personal_id', '=', $data['personal_id']) ->where('name', '=', $data['name']) ->where('school_id', '=', $data['school_id']) ->select('id', 'type', 'school_id', 'personal_id', 'name', 'email', 'ilab_user', 'ilab_pwd') ->first();
最后，还是强调一句，数据库连接相关的用户名，连接，密码之类的，一般还是写在.env文件中的，方便我们统一管理。
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