WPF以其丰富灵活的控件样式设计，相较于WinForm而言，一直是工控组态软件的宠儿，本文以两个简单的小例子，简述如何通过WPF设计出表示水流的管道，和转动的冷却风扇。仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。
设计知识点
关于本示例中，涉及的知识点，如下所示：
- 自定义用户控件，用户可以根据业务需要自定义控件，将普通的控件进行组合，封装，以满足特定的功能，并达到复用的目的。
- WPF形状，动画，可以通过选择，移动，变形等相关功能，改变控件的呈现形状。
- 依赖属性，WPF可以通过依赖属性进行数据的绑定，实现UI与业务逻辑的解耦。
示例截图
本示例主要实现了管道，和冷却扇，然后通过不同的旋转，移动并加以组合，如下所示：
管道Pipeline
在本示例中，管道和冷却扇均是用户控件，方便复用。管道开发步骤如下：
1. 控件布局
管道采用Border控件，并设置渐变的背景色，水流采用Line控件，样式采用虚线StrokeDashArray，看起来就会是一节一节的。让中间的Line动起来，就像是水在流动一样，这样就可以实现管道中水流的效果。源码如下所示：
<Border CornerRadius="{Binding CapRadius, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}"> <Border.Background> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="0.5,1"> <GradientStop Color="#FFCBCBCB" Offset="0.1"></GradientStop> <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.5"></GradientStop> <GradientStop Color="#FFCBCBCB" Offset="0.8"></GradientStop> </LinearGradientBrush> </Border.Background> <Border x:Name="border" Margin="10,2" > <Line x:Name="liquidline" X1="0" Y1="0" X2="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=ActualWidth}" Y2="0" Stroke="{Binding LiquidColor, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}" StrokeThickness="10" VerticalAlignment="Center" StrokeDashArray="2,3" StrokeDashCap="Round" StrokeStartLineCap="Round" StrokeEndLineCap="Round" Opacity="0.5" Stretch="Fill"> </Line> </Border> </Border>
2. 状态管理
在管道控件中，有两种状态，可以控制水流的方向【东西流向，还是西东流向】，如下所示：
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup> <VisualState x:Name="WEFlowState"> <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever"> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:1" From="0" To="-5" Storyboard.TargetName="liquidline" Storyboard.TargetProperty="StrokeDashOffset"> </DoubleAnimation> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="EWFlowState"> <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever"> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:1" From="0" To="5" Storyboard.TargetName="liquidline" Storyboard.TargetProperty="StrokeDashOffset"> </DoubleAnimation> </Storyboard> </VisualState> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
3. 依赖属性
在管道示例中，流向可以作为依赖属性，在使用时进行绑定设置，还有水流的颜色，也可以由用户设置。如下所示：
namespace WpfControl.UserControls { /// <summary> /// Pipeline.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class Pipeline : UserControl { /// <summary> /// 流水方向 /// </summary> public WaterDirection Direction { get { return (WaterDirection)GetValue(DirectionProperty); } set { SetValue(DirectionProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Direction. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty DirectionProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Direction", typeof(WaterDirection), typeof(Pipeline), new PropertyMetadata(default(WaterDirection),new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDirectionChanged))); private static void OnDirectionChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { WaterDirection value =(WaterDirection) e.NewValue; VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as Pipeline, value == WaterDirection.WE ? "WEFlowState" : "EWFlowState", false); } /// <summary> /// 颜色 /// </summary> public Brush LiquidColor { get { return (Brush)GetValue(LiquidColorProperty); } set { SetValue(LiquidColorProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for LiquidColor. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty LiquidColorProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("LiquidColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(Pipeline), new PropertyMetadata(Brushes.Orange)); public int CapRadius { get { return (int)GetValue(CapRadiusProperty); } set { SetValue(CapRadiusProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CapRadius. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty CapRadiusProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CapRadius", typeof(int), typeof(Pipeline), new PropertyMetadata(0)); public Pipeline() { InitializeComponent(); } } }
冷却风扇
1. 风扇布局
在本示例中，冷却风扇是一个简单的风扇，因为风扇是自定义形状，所以需要才用Path控件，至于风扇的形状数据，可以通过iconfont网站进行获取。且风扇是一直转动的，所以可以通过Loaded事件进行触发。当然也可以通过其他事件进行触发，如单击等。如下所示：
<Border> <Path Stretch="Fill" Fill="Goldenrod" Data="M261.851429 528.822857c-43.885714-24.868571-84.845714-23.405714-121.417143 5.851429-35.108571 26.331429-49.737143 62.902857-43.885715 106.788571 5.851429 38.034286 19.017143 74.605714 40.96 108.251429 21.942857 35.108571 46.811429 59.977143 76.068572 74.605714 78.994286 40.96 147.748571 29.257143 207.725714-35.108571 19.017143-20.48 33.645714-43.885714 46.811429-73.142858 14.628571-32.182857 23.405714-61.44 24.868571-90.697142 0-14.628571 7.314286-21.942857 19.017143-21.942858s19.017143 5.851429 24.868571 16.091429c17.554286 51.2 14.628571 99.474286-10.24 143.36-24.868571 43.885714-21.942857 84.845714 4.388572 119.954286 26.331429 35.108571 62.902857 49.737143 106.788571 42.422857 38.034286-5.851429 74.605714-19.017143 108.251429-40.96 35.108571-21.942857 59.977143-46.811429 74.605714-76.068572 40.96-78.994286 29.257143-147.748571-36.571428-206.262857-20.48-19.017143-43.885714-35.108571-73.142858-48.274285-32.182857-14.628571-61.44-23.405714-90.697142-24.868572-14.628571 0-21.942857-7.314286-21.942858-19.017143s5.851429-20.48 17.554286-23.405714c20.48-7.314286 40.96-11.702857 62.902857-11.702857 27.794286 0 54.125714 7.314286 78.994286 20.48 43.885714 24.868571 84.845714 23.405714 121.417143-4.388572 35.108571-26.331429 49.737143-62.902857 43.885714-106.788571-5.851429-38.034286-19.017143-74.605714-40.96-108.251429-21.942857-35.108571-46.811429-59.977143-76.068571-74.605714-78.994286-40.96-147.748571-29.257143-207.725715 35.108572-19.017143 20.48-33.645714 45.348571-46.811428 73.142857-14.628571 32.182857-23.405714 62.902857-24.868572 90.697143 0 13.165714-7.314286 20.48-19.017142 21.942857s-20.48-5.851429-24.868572-16.091429c-7.314286-20.48-10.24-40.96-10.24-64.365714 0-27.794286 7.314286-54.125714 20.48-78.994286 24.868571-43.885714 21.942857-84.845714-4.388571-119.954286-26.331429-35.108571-61.44-49.737143-105.325715-43.885714-38.034286 5.851429-74.605714 19.017143-108.251428 40.96-35.108571 21.942857-59.977143 46.811429-76.068572 76.068572-40.96 78.994286-29.257143 147.748571 36.571429 207.725714 20.48 19.017143 45.348571 35.108571 73.142857 48.274286 32.182857 14.628571 61.44 21.942857 90.697143 23.405714 14.628571 0 21.942857 7.314286 21.942857 19.017143s-5.851429 20.48-17.554286 24.868571c-49.737143 17.554286-98.011429 14.628571-141.897142-10.24m279.405714-46.811428c8.777143 8.777143 11.702857 17.554286 11.702857 29.257142s-4.388571 21.942857-11.702857 30.72c-8.777143 7.314286-17.554286 11.702857-29.257143 11.702858s-21.942857-4.388571-30.72-11.702858c-8.777143-8.777143-11.702857-19.017143-11.702857-30.72s4.388571-21.942857 11.702857-29.257142c8.777143-8.777143 19.017143-13.165714 30.72-13.165715 11.702857 1.462857 20.48 4.388571 29.257143 13.165715z"> <Path.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <RotateTransform Angle="0" CenterX="{Binding CenterX, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}" CenterY="{Binding CenterY, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=UserControl}}"></RotateTransform> </TransformGroup> </Path.RenderTransform> <Path.Triggers> <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="UserControl.Loaded"> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard Duration="0:0:2" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetProperty="RenderTransform.Children[0].Angle"> <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:2" From="0" To="360" BeginTime="0:0:0" ></DoubleAnimation> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </EventTrigger> </Path.Triggers> </Path> </Border>
2. 依赖属性
风扇旋转的中心点，设置成依赖属性，可以空格使用时进行设置
namespace WpfControl.UserControls { /// <summary> /// CoolingPie.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class CoolingPie : UserControl { public int CenterX { get { return (int)GetValue(CenterXProperty); } set { SetValue(CenterXProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CWidth. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty CenterXProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CenterX", typeof(int), typeof(CoolingPie), new PropertyMetadata(0)); public int CenterY { get { return (int)GetValue(CenterYProperty); } set { SetValue(CenterYProperty, value); } } // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for CHeight. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc... public static readonly DependencyProperty CenterYProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CenterY", typeof(int), typeof(CoolingPie), new PropertyMetadata(0)); public CoolingPie() { InitializeComponent(); } } }
整体布局
在控件定义好后，就是将控件拼接组合，以达到预期的效果，如下所示：
<Grid> <ScrollViewer Margin="10" HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" CanContentScroll="True"> <Canvas Margin="10"> <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="top" Panel.ZIndex="4" Canvas.Top="-10" Canvas.Left="0" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualWidth}" Direction="WE" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" CapRadius="20"></uctrl:Pipeline> <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="right" Panel.ZIndex="3" Margin="0" Canvas.Right="-10" Canvas.Top="10" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" Direction="WE" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" CapRadius="20"> <uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <TranslateTransform X="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" Y="0"></TranslateTransform> <RotateTransform Angle="90" CenterX="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" CenterY="0"></RotateTransform> </TransformGroup> </uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform> </uctrl:Pipeline> <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="bottom" Panel.ZIndex="2" Canvas.Bottom="-15" Canvas.Right="0" Direction="EW" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualWidth}" CapRadius="20"></uctrl:Pipeline> <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="left" Panel.ZIndex="1" Canvas.Left="15" Canvas.Top="0" Direction="EW" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" CapRadius="20"> <uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <RotateTransform Angle="90" ></RotateTransform> </TransformGroup> </uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform> </uctrl:Pipeline> <uctrl:Pipeline x:Name="middle" Panel.ZIndex="1" Canvas.Left="360" Canvas.Top="0" Direction="EW" LiquidColor="Red" Height="30" Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Canvas}, Path=ActualHeight}" CapRadius="20"> <uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform> <TransformGroup> <RotateTransform Angle="90" ></RotateTransform> </TransformGroup> </uctrl:Pipeline.RenderTransform> </uctrl:Pipeline> <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Right="-10" Canvas.Top="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie> <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Right="-10" Canvas.Bottom="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie> <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="-10" Canvas.Top="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie> <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="-10" Canvas.Bottom="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie> <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="325" Canvas.Top="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie> <uctrl:CoolingPie Canvas.Left="325" Canvas.Bottom="-10" Panel.ZIndex="5" Width="40" Height="40" CenterX="20" CenterY="20"></uctrl:CoolingPie> </Canvas> </ScrollViewer> </Grid>
备注
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