用Tkinter模块做一个简单的计算器
【先来看看效果图】
【功能叙述】
1. 带一点透明效果
2. 有三排计算显示栏
3. 支持几乎完整的基本计算功能
4. 支持键盘输入
5. 界面十分简洁美观
6. 支持表达式的简写（如 2*e 简写为 2e）
7. 支持阶乘运算、乘方运算、开平方运算、取余运算等等
8. 还有什么功能你们自己去探索吧！
【再来看看源代码】（含详细注释）
import math import tkinter import tkinter.ttk __author__ = '小康2022' # NOTE: 2022/9/26 重制 # 保存临时结果 Ans = '0' root = tkinter.Tk() # 创建窗口 root.title('计算器') # 设置窗口标题 root.geometry('301x500+500+100') # 设置窗口大小及位置 root.resizable(False, False) # 设置窗口大小不可改变 root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9) # 设置窗口透明度为0.9 tkinter.ttk.Style(root).configure('TButton', font=('楷体', 15)) # 设置按钮字体及大小 # 第一栏变量 (line_1 := tkinter.StringVar()).set('0') # 第二栏变量 line_2 = tkinter.StringVar() # 第三栏变量 line_3 = tkinter.StringVar() # 第一栏 (label_1 := tkinter.Label(root, textvariable=line_1, anchor='e', font=('微软雅黑', 40))).place(y=145, width=300, height=80) # 第二栏 (label_2 := tkinter.Label(root, textvariable=line_2, anchor='e', font=('微软雅黑', 30))).place(y=65, width=300, height=80) # 第三栏 (label_3 := tkinter.Label(root, textvariable=line_3, anchor='e', font=('微软雅黑', 20))).place(y=20, width=300, height=45) # 各个按钮 button = [tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='ln', command=lambda: func('ln(')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='+/-', command=lambda: func('+/-')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='0', command=lambda: func('0')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='.', command=lambda: func('.')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='=', command=lambda: func('=')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='n!', command=lambda: func('!')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='1', command=lambda: func('1')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='2', command=lambda: func('2')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='3', command=lambda: func('3')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='+', command=lambda: func('+')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='mod', command=lambda: func('mod')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='4', command=lambda: func('4')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='5', command=lambda: func('5')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='6', command=lambda: func('6')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='-', command=lambda: func('-')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='^', command=lambda: func('^')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='7', command=lambda: func('7')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='8', command=lambda: func('8')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='9', command=lambda: func('9')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='×', command=lambda: func('×')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='√', command=lambda: func('√(')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='AC', command=lambda: func('a')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='C', command=lambda: func('c')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='Ans', command=lambda: func('Ans')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='÷', command=lambda: func('÷')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='e', command=lambda: func('e')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='π', command=lambda: func('π')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='(', command=lambda: func('(')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text=')', command=lambda: func(')')), tkinter.ttk.Button(root, text='←', command=lambda: func('BackSpace'))] # 放置各个按钮 for y, k in zip([455, 410, 365, 320, 275, 230], range(6)): for x, _button in zip([1, 61, 121, 181, 241], button[5*k:5*k+5]): _button.place(x=x, y=y, width=59, height=44) def wrap(func): """ 函数包装器，使math库函数返回值取整 """ def wrap_function(num: int): key = func(num) if abs(key-round(key)) < 1e-6: return int(key) return key return wrap_function sqrt = wrap(math.sqrt) # 包装sqrt函数 log = wrap(math.log) # 包装log函数 pi = math.pi # math库的pi e = math.e # math库的e def calc(string: str): """ 解析字符串表达式 """ result = string.replace('Ans', Ans) result = result.replace('×', '*') result = result.replace('÷', '/') result = result.replace('^', '**') result = result.replace('mod', '%') result = result.replace('ln', 'log') result = result.replace('√', 'sqrt') result = result.replace('π', 'pi') result = result.replace('e', 'e') # 简写处理，如 3e 等价于 3*e c, temp = 0, result for i, v in enumerate(temp): if temp[i-1].isdigit() and v in '(pelsA': result = result[:i+c] + '*' + result[i+c:] c += 1 # 阶乘处理，如 3! 等价于 math.factorial(3) c, temp = 0, result for i, v in enumerate(temp): if v == '!': key = 0 if temp[i-1].isdigit(): for ind in range(i): if not temp[i-ind-1].isdigit(): key = i-ind break result = result.replace('!', ')', 1) result = result[:15*c+key] + 'math.factorial(' + result[15 * c+key:15*c+i] + result[15*c+i:] elif temp[i-1] == ')': k = 0 for ind in range(i): if temp[i-ind] == ')': k += 1 elif temp[i-ind] == '(': k -= 1 if not k: if temp[i-ind-4:i-ind] == 'sqrt': key = i-ind-4 elif temp[i-ind-3:i-ind] == 'log': key = i-ind-3 result = result.replace('!', ')', 1) result = result[:15*c+key] + 'math.factorial(' + result[15*c+key:15*c+i] + result[15*c+i:] break c += 1 try: # 计算字符串表达式 return str(eval(result)) except: # 错误返回 return 'Error' def func(key: str): global Ans if key.isdigit() or key in 'eπ+-×÷^!.*/({[]})' or key in ('√(', 'ln(', 'mod'): # 输入字符 key = '×' if key == '*' else '÷' if key == '/' else key key = line_1.get() + key if line_1.get() != '0' else key line_1.set(key) elif key in 'cC': # 清除第一栏 line_1.set('0') elif key in 'aA': # 清空所有栏 line_1.set('0') line_2.set('') line_3.set('') elif key == 'BackSpace': # 删减字符操作 if line_1.get()[-3:] in ('mod', 'Ans', 'ln('): line_1.set(line_1.get()[:-3]) elif line_1.get()[-5:] == 'sqrt(': line_1.set(line_1.get()[:-5]) else: line_1.set(line_1.get()[:-1]) if line_1.get() in ('Erro', ''): line_1.set('0') elif key == '+/-': # 正负号切换 if line_1.get()[0] == '-': line_1.set(line_1.get()[1:]) elif line_1.get() != '0': line_1.set('-'+line_1.get()) elif key == 'Ans': # 上一个结果 if line_2.get() and line_1.get() != '0': line_1.set(line_1.get() + 'Ans') elif key in '=Return': # 计算值 line_3.set(line_2.get()) line_2.set(line_1.get()) Ans = calc(line_1.get()) line_1.set(Ans) # 字体大小处理 if len(line_1.get()) >= 8: label_1.configure(font=('微软雅黑', round(40*8/len(line_1.get())))) else: label_1.configure(font=('微软雅黑', 40)) if len(line_2.get()) >= 12: label_2.configure(font=('微软雅黑', round(30*12/len(line_2.get())))) else: label_2.configure(font=('微软雅黑', 30)) if len(line_3.get()) >= 18: label_3.configure(font=('微软雅黑', round(20*18/len(line_3.get())))) else: label_3.configure(font=('微软雅黑', 20)) # 键盘关联 root.bind('<Any-Key>', lambda event: func(event.char if event.char.isprintable() else event.keysym)) # 窗口循环 root.mainloop()
