项目演示
项目源码
配套讲解视频
教程说明
本教程适合对Vue基础知识有一点了解，但不懂得综合运用，还未曾使用Vue从头开发过一个小型App的读者。本教程不对所有的Vue知识点进行讲解，而是手把手一步步从0到1，做出一个完整的小项目。目前网上的教程不是只有零散的知识点讲解；就是抛出一个开源的大项目，初级读者下载下来后，运行起来都很费劲，更谈不上理解这个项目是如何一步步开发出来的了。本教程试图弥补这个空白。
1. 项目初始化
1.1使用 Vue CLI 创建项目
如果你还没有安装 VueCLI，请执行下面的命令安装或是升级：
npm install --global @vue/cli
在命令行中输入以下命令创建 Vue 项目：
vue create vue-quiz
Vue CLI v4.3.1 ? Please pick a preset: > default (babel, eslint) Manually select features
default：默认勾选 babel、eslint，回车之后直接进入装包
manually：自定义勾选特性配置，选择完毕之后，才会进入装包
选择第 1 种 default.
安装结束，命令提示你项目创建成功，按照命令行的提示在终端中分别输入：
# 进入你的项目目录 cd vue-quiz # 启动开发服务 npm run serve
启动成功，命令行中输出项目的 http 访问地址。 打开浏览器，输入其中任何一个地址进行访问
如果能看到该页面，恭喜你，项目创建成功了。
1.2 初始目录结构
项目创建好以后，下面我们来了解一下初始目录结构：
1.3 调整初始目录结构，实现游戏设置页面
默认生成的目录结构不满足我们的开发需求，所以需要做一些自定义改动。
这里主要处理下面的内容：
- 删除初始化的默认文件
- 新增调整我们需要的目录结构
删除默认示例文件：
- src/components/HelloWorld.vue
- src/assets/logo.png
修改package.json，添加项目依赖：
"dependencies": { "axios": "^0.19.2", "bootstrap": "^4.4.1", "bootstrap-vue": "^2.5.0", "core-js": "^3.6.5", "vue": "^2.6.11", "vue-router": "^3.1.5" }, "devDependencies": { "@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "~4.4.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "~4.4.0", "@vue/cli-plugin-router": "~4.4.0", "@vue/cli-service": "~4.4.0", "babel-eslint": "^10.1.0", "eslint": "^6.7.2", "eslint-plugin-vue": "^6.2.2", "vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.11" },
然后运行yarn install,安装依赖。
修改项目入口文件main.js，引入bootstrap-vue。
import Vue from 'vue' import App from './App.vue' import router from './router' import BootstrapVue from 'bootstrap-vue' import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css' import 'bootstrap-vue/dist/bootstrap-vue.css' Vue.config.productionTip = false Vue.use(BootstrapVue) const state = { questions: [] } new Vue({ router, data: state, render: h => h(App) }).$mount('#app')
定义一个state对象来共享答题数据（答题页面和结果页面共享）
const state = { questions: [] }
src目录下新增eventBus.js消息总线，用来在组件间传递消息，代码如下：
import Vue from 'vue' const EventBus = new Vue() export default EventBus
修改App.vue，css样式略，请参考源码。
<template> <div id="app" class="bg-light"> <Navbar></Navbar> <b-alert :show="dismissCountdown" dismissible variant="danger" @dismissed="dismissCountdown = 0"> {{ errorMessage }} </b-alert> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center"> <b-card no-body id="main-card" class="col-sm-12 col-lg-4 px-0"> <router-view></router-view> </b-card> </div> </div> </template> <script> import EventBus from './eventBus' import Navbar from './components/Navbar' export default { name: 'app', components: { Navbar }, data() { return { errorMessage: '', dismissSecs: 5, dismissCountdown: 0 } }, methods: { showAlert(error) { this.errorMessage = error this.dismissCountdown = this.dismissSecs } }, mounted() { EventBus.$on('alert-error', (error) => { this.showAlert(error) }) }, beforeDestroy() { EventBus.$off('alert-error') } } </script>
新增components/Navbar.vue，定义导航部分。
<template> <b-navbar id="navbar" class="custom-info" type="dark" sticky> <b-navbar-brand id="nav-logo" :to="{ name: 'home' }">Vue-Quiz</b-navbar-brand> <b-navbar-nav class="ml-auto"> <b-nav-item :to="{ name: 'home' }">New Game </b-nav-item> <b-nav-item href="#" target="_blank">About</b-nav-item> </b-navbar-nav> </b-navbar> </template> <script> export default { name: 'Navbar' } </script> <style scoped> </style>
src目录下新增router/index.js，定义首页路由。
import Vue from 'vue' import VueRouter from 'vue-router' import MainMenu from '../views/MainMenu.vue' Vue.use(VueRouter) const routes = [ { name: 'home', path: '/', component: MainMenu } ] const router = new VueRouter({ mode: 'history', base: process.env.BASE_URL, routes }) export default router
src下新增views/MainMenu.vue，MainMenu主要包含GameForm组件。
<template> <div> <b-card-header class="custom-info text-white font-weight-bold">New Game</b-card-header> <b-card-body class="h-100"> <GameForm @form-submitted="handleFormSubmitted"></GameForm> </b-card-body> </div> </template> <script> import GameForm from '../components/GameForm' export default { name: 'MainMenu', components: { GameForm }, methods: { /** Triggered by custom 'form-submitted' event from GameForm child component. * Parses formData, and route pushes to 'quiz' with formData as query * @public */ handleFormSubmitted(formData) { const query = formData query.difficulty = query.difficulty.toLowerCase() this.$router.push({ name: 'quiz', query: query }) } } } </script>
新增src/components/GameForm.vue，实现游戏初始设置。
<template> <div> <LoadingIcon v-if="loading"></LoadingIcon> <div v-else> <b-form @submit="onSubmit"> <b-form-group id="input-group-number-of-questions" label="Select a number" label-for="input-number-of-questions" class="text-left" > <b-form-input id="input-number-of-questions" v-model="form.number" type="number" :min="minQuestions" :max="maxQuestions" required :placeholder="`Between ${minQuestions} and ${maxQuestions}`" ></b-form-input> </b-form-group> <b-form-group id="input-group-category"> <b-form-select id="input-category" v-model="form.category" :options="categories" ></b-form-select> </b-form-group> <b-form-group id="input-group-difficulty"> <b-form-select id="input-difficulty" v-model="form.difficulty" :options="difficulties" ></b-form-select> </b-form-group> <b-form-group id="input-group-type"> <b-form-select id="input-type" v-model="form.type" :options="types" ></b-form-select> </b-form-group> <b-button type="submit" class="custom-success">Submit</b-button> </b-form> </div> </div> </template> <script> import LoadingIcon from './LoadingIcon' import axios from 'axios' export default { components: { LoadingIcon }, data() { return { // Form data, tied to respective inputs form: { number: '', category: '', difficulty: '', type: '' }, // Used for form dropdowns and number input categories: [{ text: 'Category', value: '' }], difficulties: [{ text: 'Difficulty', value: '' }, 'Easy', 'Medium', 'Hard'], types: [ { text: 'Type', value: '' }, { text: 'Multiple Choice', value: 'multiple' }, { text: 'True or False', value: 'boolean'} ], minQuestions: 10, maxQuestions: 20, // Used for displaying ajax loading animation OR form loading: true } }, created() { this.fetchCategories() }, methods: { fetchCategories() { axios.get('https://opentdb.com/api_category.php') .then(resp => resp.data) .then(resp => { resp.trivia_categories.forEach(category => { this.categories.push({text: category.name, value: `${category.id}`}) }); this.loading = false; }) }, onSubmit(evt) { evt.preventDefault() /** Triggered on form submit. Passes form data * @event form-submitted * @type {number|string} * @property {object} */ this.$emit('form-submitted', this.form) } } } </script>
GameForm组件，主要通过axios发起获取全部题目分类请求：
axios.get('https://opentdb.com/api_category.php')
新增src/components/LoadingIcon.vue，在异步请求数据未返回时，渲染等待图标。
<template> <div id="loading-icon" class="h-100 d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"> <img src="@/assets/ajax-loader.gif" alt="Loading Icon"> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'LoadingIcon' } </script>
新增src/assets/ajax-loader.gif等待动画文件，请参考项目源码。
