Nginx("engine x")是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发高性能的 Web和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。在高连接并发的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。
Nginx 安装
系统平台：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。
一、安装编译工具及库文件
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
二、首先要安装 PCRE
PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能。
1、下载 PCRE 安装包，下载地址： http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@bogon src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
2、解压安装包:
[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
3、进入安装包目录
[root@bogon src]# cd pcre-8.35
4、编译安装
[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# ./configure [root@bogon pcre-8.35]# make && make install
5、查看pcre版本
[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version
安装 Nginx
1、下载 Nginx，下载地址：https://nginx.org/en/download.html
[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@bogon src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
2、解压安装包
[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
3、进入安装包目录
[root@bogon src]# cd nginx-1.6.2
4、编译安装
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35 [root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make [root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make install
5、查看nginx版本
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
到此，nginx安装完成。
Nginx 配置
创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 www：
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www [root@bogon conf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
配置nginx.conf，将/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容。
[root@bogon conf]# cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf user www www; worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致 error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别 pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; #charset gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; #下面是server虚拟主机的配置 server { listen 80;#监听端口 server_name localhost;#域名 index index.html index.htm index.php; root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录 location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$ { expires 30d; # access_log off; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 15d; # access_log off; } access_log off; } }
检查配置文件nginx.conf的正确性命令：
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
启动 Nginx
Nginx 启动命令如下：
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
访问站点
从浏览器访问我们配置的站点ip：
Nginx 其他命令
以下包含了 Nginx 常用的几个命令：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 Nginx
关于 uri 的截取
location 中的 root 和 alias
- root 指令只是将搜索的根设置为 root 设定的目录，即不会截断 uri，而是使用原始 uri 跳转该目录下查找文件
- aias 指令则会截断匹配的 uri，然后使用 alias 设定的路径加上剩余的 uri 作为子路径进行查找
示例 1：root
#------------目录结构---------- /www/x1/index.html /www/x2/index.html #--------配置----------------------- index index.html index.php; location /x/ { root "/www/"; } #-------访问-------------- curl http://localhost/x1/index.html curl http://localhost/x2/index.html
示例 2：alias
#----------配置----------------- location /y/z/ { alias /www/x1/; } #---------访问-------------- curl http://localhost/y/z/index.html
location 中的 proxy_pass 的 uri
如果 proxy_pass 的 url 不带 uri
如果尾部是"/"，则会截断匹配的uri
如果尾部不是"/"，则不会截断匹配的uri
如果proxy_pass的url带uri，则会截断匹配的uri
示例：
#-------servers配置-------------------- location / { echo $uri #回显请求的uri } #--------proxy_pass配置--------------------- location /t1/ { proxy_pass http://servers; } #正常，不截断 location /t2/ { proxy_pass http://servers/; } #正常，截断 location /t3 { proxy_pass http://servers; } #正常，不截断 location /t4 { proxy_pass http://servers/; } #正常，截断 location /t5/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; } #正常，截断 location /t6/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test; } #缺"/"，截断 location /t7 { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; } #含"//"，截断 location /t8 { proxy_pass http://servers/test; } #正常，截断 #---------访问---------------------- for i in $(seq 6) do url=http://localhost/t$i/doc/index.html echo "-----------$url-----------" curl url done #--------结果--------------------------- ----------http://localhost:8080/t1/doc/index.html------------ /t1/doc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t2/doc/index.html------------ /doc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t3/doc/index.html------------ /t3/doc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t4/doc/index.html------------ /doc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t5/doc/index.html------------ /test/doc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t6/doc/index.html------------ /testdoc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t7/doc/index.html------------ /test//doc/index.html ----------http://localhost:8080/t8/doc/index.html------------ /test/doc/index.html
默认的 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf 内容如下：
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
