1 什么是分布式测试?
- 在进行本文之前,先了解些基础知识,什么是分布式测试?
- 分布式测试:是指通过局域网和Internet,把分布于不同地点、独立完成特定功能的测试计算机连接起来,以达到测试资源共享、分散操作、集中管理、协同工作、负载均衡、测试过程监控等目的的计算机网络测试。
- 通俗的讲:分布式测试 就是活太多,一个人干费时间,那就让多个人一起干,节省了资源和时间。
2 为什么要进行分布式测试?
2.1 场景1:自动化测试场景
- 自动化测试时,我们有很多用例,比如2000条用例,按照顺序执行,每条用例执行1分钟,那需要2000分钟;
- 什么概念?2000分钟就30多个小时,如果是冒烟测试,估计还没人工跑的快;
- 还有,如果是线上发布,跑完2000条用例就太浪费时间了;
- 那如果我们让我们让用例分布式执行,是不是可以节省很多时间?
2.2 场景2:性能测试场景
- 如果数据量很大,我们使用1台压测机,可能并发压力过大;
- 那就需要选择使用多台压测机(比如Jmeter的 Agent/负载机);
- 这样也是一种分布式压测或者分布式性能测试场景。
所以总结来说,其实就是为了提升效率和质量。
3 分布式测试有什么特点?
特点 |
说明 |
网格化 |
多节点互联互通,可资源共享 |
分布性 |
地域和计算机上,协同工作、负载均衡、可扩展性、高可用性 |
开放性 |
可移植性、可互操作性、可伸缩性、易获得性 |
实时性 |
各种信息都必须是实时的 |
动态性 |
测试过程对象和活动动态映射 |
处理不确定性 |
具有处理不确定性的能力 |
容错及安全性 |
容错能力强,可靠性高、安全性好 |
4 分布式测试关键技术是什么?
技术点 |
要求 |
分布式环境 |
获取全局状态,能够方便地监视和操纵测试过程;集中式的分布式策略。 |
分布式环境下的节点通信 |
稳定的通信环境;适合用基于消息通信的方式来实现。 |
测试任务调度 |
静态调度、动态调度和混合调度。 |
5 分布式执行用例的前置条件是什么?
- 用例之间是独立且没有依赖关系,完全独立运行;
- 用例执行没有顺序,随机顺序都能正常执行;
- 每个用例都能重复运行,运行结果不会影响其他用例。
6 pytest-xdist安装
pytest-xdist
让自动化测试用例分布式执行,节省测试时间,属于进程级别的并发;
- 使用以下方法安装:
pip3 install pytest-xdist
C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install pytest-xdist
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Requirement already satisfied: pytest-xdist in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (1.31.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-xdist) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: execnet>=1.1 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-xdist) (1.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest>=4.4.0 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-xdist) (6.2.4)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest-forked in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest-xdist) (1.1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: apipkg>=1.4 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from execnet>=1.1->pytest-xdist) (1.5)
Requirement already satisfied: toml in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (0.10.2)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (20.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (1.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<1.0.0a1,>=0.12 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.8.2 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (1.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=0.12 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (2.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (20.8)
Requirement already satisfied: iniconfig in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12->pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in d:\python37\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest>=4.4.0->pytest-xdist) (2.4.7)
7 pytest-xdist的优势
- 测试运行并行化;
- 在子进程中重复运行测试;
- 可指定不同的Python解释程序或不同的平台,并行运行测试。
8 pytest-xdist的使用
8.1 普通执行
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者:虫无涯
# 日期:2023/3/16
# 文件名称:test_xdist.py
# 作用:pytest-xdist分布式测试
# 联系:VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客:https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson
import pytest
import time
class TestCase01():
def test_case_01(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case01$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_02(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case02$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_03(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case03$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_04(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case04$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_05(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case05$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_06(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case06$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
class TestCase02():
def test_case_07(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case07$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_08(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
def test_case_09(self):
time.sleep(1)
print("case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$")
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main(["-s", "test_xdist.py"])
test_xdist.py::TestCase01::test_case_01
test_xdist.py::TestCase01::test_case_02
test_xdist.py::TestCase01::test_case_03
test_xdist.py::TestCase01::test_case_04
test_xdist.py::TestCase01::test_case_05
test_xdist.py::TestCase01::test_case_06
test_xdist.py::TestCase02::test_case_07 PASSED [ 11%]case01$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PASSED [ 22%]case02$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PASSED [ 33%]case03$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PASSED [ 44%]case04$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PASSED [ 55%]case05$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PASSED [ 66%]case06$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PASSED [ 77%]case07$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
test_xdist.py::TestCase02::test_case_08 PASSED [ 88%]case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
test_xdist.py::TestCase02::test_case_09 PASSED [100%]case08$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
============================== 9 passed in 9.14s ==============================
8.2 上述代码分布式执行:
pytest -s -n auto test_xdist.py
- 结果如下,用时4.51s,可见分布式执行后大大缩短了测试时间:
(venv) F:\pytest_study\test_case\test_j>pytest -s -n auto test_xdist.py
============================================ test session starts =============================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.0, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\pytest_study, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.12, assume-2.4.3, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.0.1, metadata-1.8.0, ordering-0.6,
repeat-0.9.1, rerunfailures-10.3, xdist-1.31.0
gw0 [9] / gw1 [9] / gw2 [9] / gw3 [9] / gw4 [9] / gw5 [9] / gw6 [9] / gw7 [9]
.........
============================================= 9 passed in 4.51s ==============================================
8.3 指定CPU运行数量
-n auto
:可以自动检测到系统的CPU
核数;
- 使用
auto
利用了所有CPU
来跑用例;
- 也可以指定使用几个
CPU
来跑用例:
# x为cpu个数
pytest -s -n x
- 如下可以看到使用两个
CPU
来跑用例时长为6.27s:
(venv) F:\pytest_study\test_case\test_j>pytest -s -n 2 test_xdist.py
============================================ test session starts =============================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.0, pytest-6.2.4, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: F:\pytest_study, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.12, assume-2.4.3, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.0.1, metadata-1.8.0, ordering-0.6,
repeat-0.9.1, rerunfailures-10.3, xdist-1.31.0
gw0 [9] / gw1 [9]
.........
============================================= 9 passed in 6.27s ==============================================
8.4 与pytest-html一起使用
pytest -s -n auto --html=report.html --self-contained-html
pytest -s -n auto test_xdist.py --html=report.thml --self-contained-htm
l
gw0 [9] / gw1 [9] / gw2 [9] / gw3 [9] / gw4 [9] / gw5 [9] / gw6 [9] / gw7 [9]
.........
------------------ generated html file: file://F:\pytest_study\test_case\test_j\report.thml ------------------
============================================= 9 passed in 4.68s ==============================================
8.5 让pytest-xdist按照指定顺序执行
pytest-xdist
执行默认是无须的;
- 可通过
--dist
参数来控制顺序;
参数 |
说明 |
--dist=loadscope |
同一个模块module 下的函数和同一个测试类class 下的方法来分组 |
--dist=loadfile |
同一个文件名来分组 |
8.6 pytest-xdist如何保持session执行一次
pytest-xdist
没有内置的支持来确保会话范围的夹具仅执行一次;
- 可使用
FileLock
方法仅仅产生一次fixture
数据:
import pytest
from filelock import FileLock
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def login():
print("====登录===")
with FileLock("session.lock"):
name = "zhang"
password= "123456"
# web ui自动化
# 声明一个driver,再返回
# 接口自动化
# 发起一个登录请求,将token返回都可以这样写
yield name, password
print("====退出====")