一、前言

2022年11月26日,有个同学咨询我我会写C语言吗,C语言还是我大学学的,很多都忘了,然后他让我用链表写一个<校运动会管理系统>,然后想着周末也没什么事,就写了一个,然后这个项目的题目是:

1. 要实现一个使用密码登录功能
2. 假设参加运动会的有n个学院，学校编号为1.....n，比赛分成m个男子项目，和w个女子项目。项目编号为男子1.....m，女子m+1....mw。
   不同的运动项目取前八名积分，且前八名的积分分别为: 9、7、6、5、4、3、2、1 (m<=20，n<=20)
3. 可以输入各个项目的前八名的成绩，
4. 能统计各学院的总分并排序; 
5. 可以按学院编号、学院总分、男女团体总分排序输出: 
6. 可以按学院编号查询学院某个项目的情况，可以按项目编号查询取得前八名的学院。 
7. 可以查找汇总某名选手参加的项目和获取的名次和积分。
注意:  输出形式:有中文或英文提示，各学院分数为整型。
      界面要求:有合理的提示，每个功能可以设立菜单，根据提示，可以完成相关的功能要求
      存储结构:学生自己根据系统功能要求自己设计，要求运动会的相关数据要存储在数据文件中。 
      (数据文件的数据读写方法等相关内容可以参考c语言程序设计的教材)请在最后的上交资料中指明使用的存储结构。

二、源码及项目展示

1、登录页面

int contrast(char password[]) //密码校对函数
{ 
    static char key[10]="123456789";
    if(strcmp(password,key)==0)                    //比较输入字符和系统设定的密码是否相同
      return 1;
    else
      return 0;
}
void Login()//自定义登录函数
{   
    char a;
    printf("\n");
  printf("===================欢迎进入校运会管理系统==================\n");
    printf("* 作者:王恒杰   班级: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx        学号:xxxxxxxxxxx \n");
    printf("***************************************************************\n");
  printf("********************输入密码登陆请按回车键*********************\n");    
    printf("***************************************************************\n");
    scanf("%c",&a);
    if(a=='\n')
    {
        char password[10];
        int count=0,s;
        printf("您有三次输入机会!\n\n");
        printf("请输入密码:\n");
        scanf("%s",password);
        s=contrast(password);//调用密码校对函数 
        if(s==1)
        {
            system("CLS");
            Sleep(500);
            printf("\n      密码正确!！\n\n");
            system("color 3f");
            printf("********************************************************\n");
            printf("******************欢迎进入操作界面**********************\n");
            printf("********************************************************\n");
            printf("*********************请录入信息*************************\n\n\n");
        }
        if(s==0)
        {
            count++;
            while(count!=3)
            {
                printf("密码错误，请再次输入密码:\n");
                scanf("%s",password);
                s=contrast(password);
                if(s==1)
                {
                    system("CLS");
                    Sleep(500);
                    printf("\n      密码正确!\n\n");
                    system("color 3f");
                    printf("********************************************************\n");
                printf("**********************欢迎进入**************************\n");
                printf("********************************************************\n");
                printf("*********************请录入信息*************************\n\n\n");
                    return ;//??????????????????
                }
                if(s==0) count++;
            }
            if(count==3) printf("你已经错误输入3次,系统退出!\n");
                exit(0);
        }
    }
    else
        exit(1);
}

我们启动项目，会要按回车键，进入登录，然后有三次输入密码的机会

如果连续三次输入错误，那就自动退出系统

系统默认的密码是123456789

密码正确，正式进入系统

2、校运动会

1、源码

Sports.cpp

#include "sports.h"
//初始化头指针fd
void init(LinkList &mylist)
{
    mylist = (LinkNode *)malloc(sizeof(LinkNode)); //申请头结点
    mylist->rank = 0;
    mylist->score = 0;
    mylist->sex = -1;
    strcpy(mylist->name, "");
    strcpy(mylist->college, "");
    strcpy(mylist->item, "");
    mylist->next = NULL;
}
//根据排名得到相应的分数
int get_score(int rank)
{
    if (rank == 1)
        return 9;
    else if (rank == 2)
        return 7;
    else if (rank == 3)
        return 6;
    else if (rank == 4)
        return 5;
    else if (rank == 5)
        return 4;
    else if (rank == 6)
        return 3;
    else if (rank == 7)
        return 2;
    else if (rank == 8)
        return 1;
    else
        return 0;
}
//初始化程序，输入学院名，项目名和选手成绩
void input(LinkList &mylist, int &college_num, int &item_num, char colleges[][20], char items[][20])
{
    int i, r, flag = 0;
    int score = 0, rank = 0, sex = 0;                                // 存储输入变量;
    char name[20] = {'\0'}, college[20] = {'\0'}, item[20] = {'\0'}; // 存储输入变量存储;
    int count = 1;                                                   // 计数器
    printf("请输入学院个数 n<10 \n");
    while (r = scanf("%d", &college_num) != 1 || college_num > 10 || college_num < 0)
    {
        printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
        fflush(stdin); /*清空输入缓冲区，也可以使用rewind(stdin);*/
    }
    for (i = 0; i < college_num; i++)
    {
        printf("请输入第%d学院名\n", i + 1);
        scanf("%s", &colleges[i]);
        fflush(stdin);
    }
    printf("请输入项目个数 n<10 \n");
    while (r = scanf("%d", &item_num) != 1 || item_num > 10 || item_num < 0)
    {
        printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
        fflush(stdin);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < item_num; i++)
    {
        printf("请输入第%d项目名\n", i + 1);
        scanf("%s", &items[i]);
    }
    while (true)
    {
        fflush(stdin);
        printf("请输入第%d个选手数据\n", count);
        printf("请输入姓名\n");
        r = scanf("%s", &name);
        if (r == 0)
        {
            printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
            break;
        }
        printf("请输入性别  0代表女性 1代表男性\n");
        r = scanf("%d", &sex);
        if (r == 0)
        {
            printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
            break;
        }
        printf("请输入学院\n");
        r = scanf("%s", &college);
        if (r == 0)
        {
            printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
            break;
        }
        printf("请输入项目\n");
        r = scanf("%s", &item);
        if (r == 0)
        {
            printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
            break;
        }
        printf("请输入名次 1-8\n");
        r = scanf("%d", &rank);
        if (r == 0 && rank < 0 && rank > 8)
        {
            printf(" 您的输入有误,请重新输入!  \n");
            break;
        }
        score = get_score(rank);
        set_data(mylist, score, rank, sex, name, college, item);
        count++;
        printf("0 结束输入数据 , 1 输入数据\n");
        scanf("%d", &flag);
        if (flag == 0)
            break;
    }
}
//创建链表
void set_data(LinkList &mylist, int score, int rank, int sex, char name[], char college[], char item[])
{
    LinkNode *p = mylist->next, *s;
    //如果链表为空，则做初始化链表
    if (p == NULL)
    {
        s = (LinkNode *)malloc(sizeof(LinkNode));
        assert(s != NULL);
        s->score = score;
        s->rank = rank;
        s->sex = sex;
        strcpy(s->name, name);
        strcpy(s->college, college);
        strcpy(s->item, item);
        s->next = NULL;
        mylist->next = s;
    }
    else
    {
        while (p->next != NULL)
        {
            p = p->next;
        }
        s = (LinkNode *)malloc(sizeof(LinkNode));
        assert(s != NULL);
        s->score = score;
        s->rank = rank;
        s->sex = sex;
        strcpy(s->name, name);
        strcpy(s->college, college);
        strcpy(s->item, item);
        s->next = NULL;
        p->next = s;
    }
}
//打印所有的数据
void show(LinkList mylist)
{
    int count = 1;
    Node *p = mylist->next;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        printf("打印第%d个成绩\n", count);
        print(p);
        p = p->next;
        count++;
    }
}
//保存数据为.txt文件
void save(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int colleges_num, char items[][20], int item_num)
{
    int i;
    //保存选手数据
    FILE *file;
    file = fopen("sports_data.txt", "w");
    if (file == NULL)
    {
        printf("文件创建失败请检查！\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    Node *p = mylist->next;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        fprintf(file, "%s\t", p->name);
        fprintf(file, "%d\t", p->sex);
        fprintf(file, "%s\t", p->college);
        fprintf(file, "%s\t", p->item);
        fprintf(file, "%d\t", p->rank);
        fprintf(file, "%d\n", p->score);
        p = p->next;
    }
    fclose(file);
    file = NULL; //将指针置为NULL ，打开另一个文件
    file = fopen("colleges_items.txt", "w");
    if (file == NULL)
    {
        printf("文件创建失败请检查！\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    //保存项目数和学院数
    fprintf(file, "%d\t", colleges_num);
    fprintf(file, "%d\t", item_num);
    //保存项目名字和学院名字
    for (i = 0; i < colleges_num; i++)
    {
        fprintf(file, "%s\t", colleges[i]);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < item_num; i++)
    {
        fprintf(file, "%s\t", items[i]);
    }
    fclose(file);
}
//读取txt文件中的数据
void read(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int &colleges_num, char items[][20], int &item_num)
{
    if (mylist->next != NULL)
    {
        printf("已读取数据！\n");
        return;
    }
    FILE *file;
    int i = 0;
    file = fopen("sports_data.txt", "r");
    if (file == NULL)
    {
        printf("文件读取失败请初始化！\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    int score, rank, sex;                 // 作为输入变量存储;
    char name[20], college[20], item[20]; // 作为输入变量存储;
    //当指针不为结束符，一直++
    //读入所有的选手成绩
    while (!feof(file))
    {
        fscanf(file, "%s", &name);
        fscanf(file, "%d\t", &sex);
        fscanf(file, "%s\t", &college);
        fscanf(file, "%s\t", &item);
        fscanf(file, "%d\t", &rank);
        fscanf(file, "%d\n", &score);
        set_data(mylist, score, rank, sex, name, college, item);
    }
    fclose(file);
    //读取学院名字和项目名字
    file = NULL;
    file = fopen("colleges_items.txt", "r");
    if (file == NULL)
    {
        printf("文件读取失败请初始化！\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    while (!feof(file))
    {
        fscanf(file, "%d\t", &colleges_num);
        fscanf(file, "%d\t", &item_num);
        for (i = 0; i < colleges_num; i++)
        {
            fscanf(file, "%s\t", &colleges[i]);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < colleges_num; i++)
        {
            fscanf(file, "%s\t", &items[i]);
        }
    }
    fclose(file);
}
//学院分数
void college_score(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int colleges_num)
{
    int score[N] = {0}; //
    int i;
    LinkList list;
    Node *p = NULL;
    //计算每个学院的分数
    init(list);
    for (i = 0; i < colleges_num; i++)
    {
        p = mylist->next;
        while (p != NULL)
        {
            if (strcmp(colleges[i], p->college) == 0)
            {
                score[i] += p->score;
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    //按分数大小建立一个链表
    for (i = 0; i < colleges_num; i++)
    {
        Insert(list, score[i], 0, 0, "", colleges[i], "");
    }
    //打印学院成绩
    p = NULL;
    p = list->next;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        printf("%s学院得分为%8d\n", p->college, p->score);
        p = p->next;
    }
    free_link(list);
}
//释放链表
void free_link(LinkList &mylist)
{
    Node *p = NULL, *q = NULL;
    p = mylist->next;
    //链表为空直接返回
    if (p == NULL)
    {
        free(mylist);
        return;
    }
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        q = p;
        p = p->next;
        free(q);
    }
    free(mylist);
}
//按男女统计得分
void sex_score(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int colleges_num)
{
    LinkList man_score, woman_score;
    init(man_score);
    init(woman_score);
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < colleges_num; i++)
    {
        int a[N] = {0};
        Node *p = mylist->next;
        LinkList man, womon;
        init(man);
        init(womon);
        while (p != NULL)
        { //统计某学院男生，女生成绩
            if (strcmp(colleges[i], p->college) == 0 && p->sex == 0)
            {
                Insert(womon, p->score, p->rank, p->sex, p->name, p->college, p->item);
            }
            if (strcmp(colleges[i], p->college) == 0 && p->sex == 1)
            {
                Insert(man, p->score, p->rank, p->sex, p->name, p->college, p->item);
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
        p = man->next;
        while (p != NULL)
        {
            a[i] += p->score;
            p = p->next;
        }
        Insert(man_score, a[i], 0, 0, "", colleges[i], "");
        p = NULL;
        a[i] = 0;
        p = womon->next;
        while (p != NULL)
        {
            a[i] += p->score;
            p = p->next;
        }
        Insert(woman_score, a[i], 0, 0, "", colleges[i], "");
        free_link(man);
        free_link(womon);
    }
    Node *q;
    q = man_score->next;
    printf("学院男生团体的前八名为\n");
    while (q != NULL)
    {
        printf("%s男生团体得分为:   %d\n", q->college, q->score);
        q = q->next;
    }
    q = NULL;
    q = woman_score->next;
    printf("学院女生团体的前八名为\n");
    while (q != NULL)
    {
        printf("%s女生团体得分为:   %d\n", q->college, q->score);
        q = q->next;
    }
    free_link(man_score);
    free_link(woman_score);
}
//查询某学院某个项目获奖情况
void college_item(LinkList mylist)
{
    char item[20], college[20];
    printf("请输入您要查询的学院名:\n");
    scanf("%s", &college);
    printf("请输入您要查询的项目名:\n");
    scanf("%s", &item);
    Node *p = mylist->next;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        if (strcmp(college, p->college) == 0 && strcmp(item, p->item) == 0)
        {
            print(p);
        }
        p = p->next;
    }
}
//查询选手成绩
void query_name(LinkList mylist)
{
    char name[20];
    printf("请输入您要查询的选手姓名:\n");
    scanf("%s", &name);
    Node *p = mylist->next;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        if (strcmp(name, p->name) == 0)
        {
            print(p);
        }
        p = p->next;
    }
}
// 按大小顺序插入建立一个链表
void Insert(LinkList &head, int score, int rank, int sex, char name[], char college[], char item[])
{
    LinkNode *p = head->next, *s = NULL;
    LinkNode *q = head;
    //如果链表为空，则做初始化链表
    if (p == NULL)
    {
        s = (LinkNode *)malloc(sizeof(LinkNode));
        assert(s != NULL);
        s->score = score;
        s->rank = rank;
        s->sex = sex;
        strcpy(s->name, name);
        strcpy(s->college, college);
        strcpy(s->item, item);
        s->next = NULL;
        head->next = s;
    }
    else
    {
        while (p != NULL && score <= p->score)
        {
            q = p;
            p = p->next;
        }
        s = (LinkNode *)malloc(sizeof(LinkNode));
        assert(s != NULL);
        s->score = score;
        s->rank = rank;
        s->sex = sex;
        strcpy(s->name, name);
        strcpy(s->college, college);
        strcpy(s->item, item);
        s->next = p;
        q->next = s;
    }
}
//查询项目得分情况
void query_item(LinkList mylist)
{
    char item[20];
    LinkList head;
    init(head);
    printf("请输入您要查询的项目名:\n");
    scanf("%s", &item);
    Node *p = mylist->next;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        if (strcmp(item, p->item) == 0)
        {
            Insert(head, p->score, p->rank, p->sex, p->name, p->college, p->item);
        }
        p = p->next;
    }
    p = head->next;
    printf("%s项目前八名为\n", item);
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        print(p);
        p = p->next;
    }
}
//打印指针内的数据
void print(Node *p)
{
    printf("\n\n\n\n");
    printf("*************************\n");
    printf("姓名为          ");
    printf("%s\n", p->name);
    printf("性别为          ");
    printf("%d\n", p->sex);
    printf("学院为          ");
    printf("%s\n", p->college);
    printf("项目为          ");
    printf("%s\n", p->item);
    printf("名次为          ");
    printf("%d\n", p->rank);
    printf("分数为          ");
    printf("%d\n", p->score);
}

main.cpp

#include "sports.h"
int contrast(char password[]) //密码校对函数
{ 
    static char key[10]="123456789";
    if(strcmp(password,key)==0)                    //比较输入字符和系统设定的密码是否相同
      return 1;
    else
      return 0;
}
void Login()//自定义登录函数
{   
    char a;
    printf("\n");
  printf("===================欢迎进入校运会管理系统==================\n");
    printf("* 作者:王恒杰   班级: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx        学号:xxxxxxxxxxx \n");
    printf("***************************************************************\n");
  printf("********************输入密码登陆请按回车键*********************\n");    
    printf("***************************************************************\n");
    scanf("%c",&a);
    if(a=='\n')
    {
        char password[10];
        int count=0,s;
        printf("您有三次输入机会!\n\n");
        printf("请输入密码:\n");
        scanf("%s",password);
        s=contrast(password);//调用密码校对函数 
        if(s==1)
        {
            system("CLS");
            Sleep(500);
            printf("\n      密码正确!！\n\n");
            system("color 3f");
            printf("********************************************************\n");
            printf("******************欢迎进入操作界面**********************\n");
            printf("********************************************************\n");
            printf("*********************请录入信息*************************\n\n\n");
        }
        if(s==0)
        {
            count++;
            while(count!=3)
            {
                printf("密码错误，请再次输入密码:\n");
                scanf("%s",password);
                s=contrast(password);
                if(s==1)
                {
                    system("CLS");
                    Sleep(500);
                    printf("\n      密码正确!\n\n");
                    system("color 3f");
                    printf("********************************************************\n");
                printf("**********************欢迎进入**************************\n");
                printf("********************************************************\n");
                printf("*********************请录入信息*************************\n\n\n");
                    return ;//??????????????????
                }
                if(s==0) count++;
            }
            if(count==3) printf("你已经错误输入3次,系统退出!\n");
                exit(0);
        }
    }
    else
        exit(1);
}
//主页面
 int main()
{
system("color 0a");/*两个16进制参数控制颜色，可以调节，想知道参数对应的颜色的
              话加一个数字后点击运行。注意两个数字一样时体验可能不好*/
Login();//调用登录函数 
    LinkList mylist;                    //选手数据链表
    init(mylist);
    int college_num=0;                  //学院数量
    int item_num=0;                     //项目数量 
    char colleges[N][20]={'\0'};               //学院
    char items[N][20]={'\0'};                  //运动会项目
    int select=0;
    while (true)
    {
        printf("********************************************************\n");
    printf("===================校运会管理系统==================\n");
        printf("[1]初始化程序           [2]读取数据         \n");
        printf("[3]打印数据             [4]保存数据          \n");
        printf("[5]统计学院的总分       [6]男女团体总分       \n");
        printf("[7]查询学院项目         [8]查找选手           \n");
        printf("[9]查询项目获奖                              \n");
        printf("[0]退出系统                              \n");
        printf("*********************************************************\n");
        printf("请选择: >\n");
        scanf("%d", &select);
        switch (select)
        {
        case 1:
        {   
            input(mylist,college_num,item_num,colleges,items);
            break;
        }
        case 2:
            read(mylist,colleges,college_num,items,item_num);
            show(mylist);
            break;
        case 3:
            show(mylist);
            break;
        case 4:
            save(mylist,colleges,college_num,items,item_num);
            break;
        case 5:
            college_score(mylist,colleges,college_num);
            break;
        case 6:
            sex_score(mylist,colleges,college_num);
            break;
        case 7:
            college_item(mylist);
            break;
        case 8:
            query_name(mylist);
            break;
        case 9:
            query_item(mylist);
            break;
        case 0:
            free_link(mylist);
            return 0;
        default:
            printf("输入的数据有误，请重新输入\n");
            break;
        }
    }
}

sports.h

#include<stdio.h>//标准输入输出头文件
#include<stdlib.h>//标准库头文件，含system、exit函数
#include<string.h>//字符串处理头文件
#include <time.h>//日期和时间头文件
#include<windows.h>//延迟函数Sleep的头文件 
#include <assert.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define N 10  
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct Node
{
    ElemType score;   //这是分 数  
    ElemType rank;    //排名
    ElemType sex;     //性别
    char name[20];    //姓名
    char college[20]; //学院
    char item[20];    //项目
    struct Node *next;
} LinkNode, *LinkList;
void init(LinkList &mylist);
int  get_score(int rank);
void input(LinkList &mylist, int &college_num, int &item_num, char colleges[][20], char items[][20]);
void set_data(LinkList &mylist, int score, int rank, int sex, char name[], char college[], char item[]);
void show(LinkList mylist);
void save(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int colleges_num, char items[][20], int item_num);
void read(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int &colleges_num, char items[][20], int &item_num);
void college_score(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int colleges_num);
void selectsort(int R[], int n);
void sex_score(LinkList mylist, char colleges[][20], int colleges_num);
void college_item(LinkList mylist);
void query_name(LinkList mylist);
void query_item(LinkList mylist);
void Insert(LinkList &head, int score, int rank, int sex, char name[], char college[], char item[]);
void print(Node *p);
void free_link(LinkList &mylist);