minikube & kubernetes 动手指南
文章目录
minikube & kubernetes 动手指南
1. 准备
2. 安装依赖 tools
3. 安装 docker
4. 安装 minikube
5. 安装 kubectl
6. minikube 创建 kubernetes 集群
7. 查看
7.1 查看集群配置信息
7.2 查看集群状态
7.3 查看 node
7.4 查看 pod
7.5 查看集群信息
7.6 查看集群ip
7.7 查看插件
7.8 查看日志
8. 常用操作
8.1 进入集群节点
8.2 停止集群
8.3 启动集群
8.4 删除集群
8.5 暂停集群
8.5 取消暂停
8.6 修改默认内存限制
9. 部署 Ingress
10.管理 dashboard
10.1 创建 dashboard
10.2 访问 API
10.3 域名访问
11. 部署应用
11.1 创建 `NodePort` 类型的`deployment`
11.2 创建 `LoadBalancer` 类型的 `deployment`
11.3 TLS 域名访问
“Minikube 可快速设置部署 Kubernetes 集群，专注于让 Kubernetes 易于学习和开发。”
1. 准备
- Centos 7.9.2009 系统
$ cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8
配置主机名
hostnanmectl set-hostname minikube1
路由转发
cat <<EOF>> /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
关闭swap
swapoff -a
2. 安装依赖 tools
配置 linux yum 源
yum -y update yum -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common conntrack
3. 安装 docker
你可以根据 docker 官方寻找合适的安装方式
配置docker-ce源
sudo yum install -y yum-utils sudo yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
查看docker-ce版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
安装
yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
配置docker
mkdir -p /etc/docker tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "live-restore": true, "dns": ["8.8.8.8"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m", "max-file": "5" }, "registry-mirrors": [ "https://ckdhnbk9.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://mirror.baidubce.com" ] } EOF
启动 docker
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
查看docker版本
$ docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.14 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.16.15 Git commit: a224086 Built: Thu Mar 24 01:49:57 2022 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 20.10.14 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.16.15 Git commit: 87a90dc Built: Thu Mar 24 01:48:24 2022 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.5.11 GitCommit: 3df54a852345ae127d1fa3092b95168e4a88e2f8 runc: Version: 1.0.3 GitCommit: v1.0.3-0-gf46b6ba docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0
4. 安装 minikube
你可以根据 minikube 官方安装寻找适合自己的环境。
curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 chmod 755 minikube-linux-amd64 mv minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/bin/minikube ln -s /usr/bin/minikube /usr/local/bin/
查看版本
$ minikube version minikube version: v1.25.2 commit: 362d5fdc0a3dbee389b3d3f1034e8023e72bd3a7
我使用的 minikube 版本 v1.25.2，当前（2022.11.30） minikube最新版本已经是 v1.28.0，最新版本部署k8s步骤存在更多依赖，例如：cri-docker、crictl，有点麻烦。具体步骤参考centos(7.9) minikube(v1.28.0) kaniko 构建镜像
5. 安装 kubectl
我这里使用阿里云 yum 源安装 kubectl
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF yum -y install kubectl
查看版本
$ kubectl version --client -o json { "clientVersion": { "major": "1", "minor": "23", "gitVersion": "v1.23.5", "gitCommit": "c285e781331a3785a7f436042c65c5641ce8a9e9", "gitTreeState": "clean", "buildDate": "2022-03-16T15:58:47Z", "goVersion": "go1.17.8", "compiler": "gc", "platform": "linux/amd64" } }
6. minikube 创建 kubernetes 集群
由于非科学网络环境的影响，没有参数它会报以下错误：
minikube start * Centos 7.9.2009 上的 minikube v1.25.2 * 自动选择 docker 驱动。其他选项：none, ssh * The "docker" driver should not be used with root privileges. * If you are running minikube within a VM, consider using --driver=none: * https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/reference/drivers/none/ X Exiting due to DRV_AS_ROOT: The "docker" driver should not be used with root privileges.
正确但不是唯一的方式：
minikube start --vm-driver=none --image-mirror-country=cn --registry-mirror='https://ckdhnbk9.mirror.ali
输出:
* Centos 7.9.2009 上的 minikube v1.25.2 * 根据用户配置使用 none 驱动程序 X Requested memory allocation (1819MB) is less than the recommended minimum 1900MB. Deployments may fail. X The requested memory allocation of 1819MiB does not leave room for system overhead (total system memory: 1819MiB). You may face stability issues. * 建议：Start minikube with less memory allocated: 'minikube start --memory=1819mb' * 正在使用镜像存储库 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers * Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube * Running on localhost (CPUs=4, Memory=1819MB, Disk=17394MB) ... * OS release is CentOS Linux 7 (Core) * 正在 Docker 20.10.14 中准备 Kubernetes v1.23.3… - kubelet.housekeeping-interval=5m > kubeadm.sha256: 64 B / 64 B [--------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s > kubelet.sha256: 64 B / 64 B [--------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s > kubectl.sha256: 64 B / 64 B [--------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s > kubeadm: 43.12 MiB / 43.12 MiB [---------------] 100.00% 1.23 MiB p/s 35s > kubectl: 44.43 MiB / 44.43 MiB [---------------] 100.00% 1.03 MiB p/s 43s > kubelet: 118.75 MiB / 118.75 MiB [-------------] 100.00% 2.12 MiB p/s 56s - Generating certificates and keys ... - Booting up control plane ... - Configuring RBAC rules ... * 开始配置本地主机环境... * ! The 'none' driver is designed for experts who need to integrate with an existing VM * Most users should use the newer 'docker' driver instead, which does not require root! * For more information, see: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/reference/drivers/none/ * ! kubectl 和 minikube 配置将存储在 /root 中 ! 如需以您自己的用户身份使用 kubectl 或 minikube 命令，您可能需要重新定位该命令。例如，如需覆盖您的自定义设置，请运行： * - sudo mv /root/.kube /root/.minikube $HOME - sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/.kube $HOME/.minikube * * 此操作还可通过设置环境变量 CHANGE_MINIKUBE_NONE_USER=true 自动完成 * Verifying Kubernetes components... - Using image registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/storage-provisioner:v5 * Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner * Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default
根据环境不同，定制配置不同，可以自定义添加一些参数配置，例如
#尝试指定不同的 minikube 版本 minikube start --vm-driver=none --image-mirror-country=cn --registry-mirror='https://ckdhnbk9.mirror.aliyuncs.com' --image-repository='registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers' --kubernetes-version=v1.23.8 #启动minikube时使用虚拟机驱动程序和“docker”容器运行时(如果尚未运行)。 minikube start --container-runtime=docker --vm=true # 添加 网络插件 calico minikube start --vm-driver=none --network-plugin=cni --cni=calico .....
7. 查看
7.1 查看集群配置信息
$ kubectl config view apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster: certificate-authority: /root/.minikube/ca.crt extensions: - extension: last-update: Mon, 28 Mar 2022 17:20:36 CST provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io version: v1.25.2 name: cluster_info server: https://192.168.211.51:8443 name: minikube contexts: - context: cluster: minikube extensions: - extension: last-update: Mon, 28 Mar 2022 17:20:36 CST provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io version: v1.25.2 name: context_info namespace: default user: minikube name: minikube current-context: minikube kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: minikube user: client-certificate: /root/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.crt client-key: /root/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.key
7.2 查看集群状态
$ minikube status minikube type: Control Plane host: Running kubelet: Running apiserver: Running kubeconfig: Configured
7.3 查看 node
$ kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION localhost.localdomain Ready control-plane,master 5m24s v1.23.3
7.4 查看 pod
$ kubectl get pods -A NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-65c54cc984-2cf5f 1/1 Running 0 5m48s kube-system etcd-localhost.localdomain 1/1 Running 0 6m2s kube-system kube-apiserver-localhost.localdomain 1/1 Running 0 6m kube-system kube-controller-manager-localhost.localdomain 1/1 Running 0 6m kube-system kube-proxy-khn4n 1/1 Running 0 5m49s kube-system kube-scheduler-localhost.localdomain 1/1 Running 0 6m kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 5m58s
前面加一个minikube也可以。
minikube kubectl -- get po -A NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE default kaniko 0/1 Completed 0 8h kube-system coredns-65c54cc984-xc4v4 1/1 Running 0 19h kube-system etcd-minikube1 1/1 Running 0 19h kube-system kube-apiserver-minikube1 1/1 Running 0 19h kube-system kube-controller-manager-minikube1 1/1 Running 0 19h kube-system kube-proxy-n82vp 1/1 Running 0 19h kube-system kube-scheduler-minikube1 1/1 Running 0 19h kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 19h kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper-57d8d5b8b8-zhtjq 1/1 Running 0 45m kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-6f75b5c656-dxr87 1/1 Running 0 45m
7.5 查看集群信息
$ kubectl cluster-info Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.211.51:8443 CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.211.51:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
7.6 查看集群ip
$ minikube ip 192.168.211.51
7.7 查看插件
$ minikube addons list |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| | ADDON NAME | PROFILE | STATUS | MAINTAINER | |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| | ambassador | minikube | disabled | third-party (ambassador) | | auto-pause | minikube | disabled | google | | csi-hostpath-driver | minikube | disabled | kubernetes | | dashboard | minikube | disabled | kubernetes | | default-storageclass | minikube | enabled ✅ | kubernetes | | efk | minikube | disabled | third-party (elastic) | | freshpod | minikube | disabled | google | | gcp-auth | minikube | disabled | google | | gvisor | minikube | disabled | google | | helm-tiller | minikube | disabled | third-party (helm) | | ingress | minikube | disabled | unknown (third-party) | | ingress-dns | minikube | disabled | google | | istio | minikube | disabled | third-party (istio) | | istio-provisioner | minikube | disabled | third-party (istio) | | kong | minikube | disabled | third-party (Kong HQ) | | kubevirt | minikube | disabled | third-party (kubevirt) | | logviewer | minikube | disabled | unknown (third-party) | | metallb | minikube | disabled | third-party (metallb) | | metrics-server | minikube | disabled | kubernetes | | nvidia-driver-installer | minikube | disabled | google | | nvidia-gpu-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | third-party (nvidia) | | olm | minikube | disabled | third-party (operator | | | | | framework) | | pod-security-policy | minikube | disabled | unknown (third-party) | | portainer | minikube | disabled | portainer.io | | registry | minikube | disabled | google | | registry-aliases | minikube | disabled | unknown (third-party) | | registry-creds | minikube | disabled | third-party (upmc enterprises) | | storage-provisioner | minikube | enabled ✅ | google | | storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled | unknown (third-party) | | volumesnapshots | minikube | disabled | kubernetes | |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
7.8 查看日志
minikube logs
